UWilliam James wathonya njani intsimi yeengqondo?
UWilliam James wayengumdlali weengqondo kunye nomfilosofi owayenempembelelo enkulu ekuphuhlisweni kwengqondo kwi-United States. Phakathi kwezinto ezininzi ezifezekileyo, wayengowokuqala ukufundisa i-psychology course e-US kwaye udlalwa ngokuba nguyise weengqondo ze-American.
UJames wayeyaziwa ngokuba negalelo ekusebenzeni, esinye sezikolo zokuqala zengcamango yengqondo.
Incwadi Yakhe Imigaqo ye-Psychology ithathwa njengenye yeetekisi kunye neempembelelo kwimbali yengqondo. Wayenguye umzalwana umlobi owaziwayo uHenry James kunye no-Alice James.
"Ubugcisa bokubulumko bubungcali bokukwazi ukuba ungayithandi," uWilliam James wabhala. Funda kabanzi ngobomi bakhe, umsebenzi, iingcamango, kunye neminikelo yengqondo kwi-biography emfutshane.
Eyaziwa kakhulu
- Pragmatism
- Ukusebenza
- I-James-Lange Theory of Emotion
- Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa nguyise weengqondo zeMerika
Obomi bakwangoko
UWilliam James wazalelwa kwintsapho ezuzekileyo. Uyise wayenomdla kakhulu kwifilosofi kunye ne-theology kwaye wazama ukubonelela abantwana bakhe ngemfundo ephuculweyo.
Abantwana bakaYakobi bahamba baya eYurophu rhoqo, beza kwizikolo ezifanelekileyo kakhulu, kwaye baxhamla kwiinkcubeko nobugcisa, okubonakala ukuba bakhokhela - uWilliam James waqhubeka waba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kwizengqondo ngenkathi umzalwana uHenry James waba omnye amazwi aseveli aseMerika.
UHenry James wayengumbhali wemisebenzi emininzi ephakamileyo kuquka i -Portrait ye-Lady kunye ne -Ambassadors .
Ekuqaleni esikolweni, uWilliam James wabonisa umdla wokwenza umdwebi. Ngoxa uHenry James Sr. wayebizwa ngokuba nguyise ongavumelekanga kwaye okhululekile, wayefuna uWilliam ukuba afunde isayensi okanye ifilosofi.
Emva kokuba uWilliam eqhubeka enomdla wakhe uHenry wavumela unyana wakhe ukuba afunde ngokuzeleyo upende.
Emva kokufunda ukudweba nomculi owaziwayo uWilliam Morris Hunt iminyaka engaphezu konyaka, uYakobi washiya iphupha lakhe lokuba ngumdwebi kwaye wabhalisa eHarvard ukuba afunde i-chemistry. Ngoxa ababini abazalwana bakaYakobi bafuna ukukhonza kwiMfazwe YaseMerika, uWilliam noHenry babengabangelwa ngenxa yeengxaki zempilo.
Isihlandlo seZenzo
- Wazalelwa ngoJanuwari 11, 1842 kwisixeko saseNew York
- 1869 - I-MD ifunyenwe esuka eHarvard
- 1875 - Uqale ukufundisa iingqondo kwiHarvard
- 1882 - Ukufa kukayise kaWilliam, uHenry James Sr
- 1890 - Ishicilelwe Imigaqo ye-Psychology
- 1892 - Yajika ibhanki eHugo Munsterberg
- 1897 - I-Published Will to Believe and Other Essays
- Ngowe-1907 - iPragmatism yapapashwa kwaye yachithwa ngokusemthethweni eHarvard
- Wafa ngo-Agasti 26, 1910 eneminyaka eyi-68
Umsebenzi
Njengokuba imali yentsapho yaqala ukunyuka, uWilliam waqonda ukuba kwakuza kufuneka azixhase aze aguqulele kwiHarvard Medical School. Engonwabanga ngamachiza kunye naye, washiya kwindwendwe ngendalo yendalo uLouis Agassiz, nangona amava ayengonwabi.
Kamva wabhala wathi: "Ndaye, ngumzimba nomphefumlo, ngombono ongenakuthelekiswa, ongenamakhaya nabangenamhlobo kunokuba ndandifuna ukuphinda ndiphinde ndibe nawo."
Ukubandezeleka kweengxaki zempilo kunye nokuxinezeleka okukhulu, uJakobe wachitha iminyaka emibini ezayo eFransi naseJamani. Eli xesha ludlale indima ebalulekileyo ekutshintshiseni umdla wakhe kwi-psychology nakwifilosofi. Kwaye ngeli xesha wafunda noHermann von Helmholtz waza waba nesithakazelo kwizengqondo.
Emva kokugqitywa kwiSikolo seMpilo yeHarvard ngowe-1869, uYakobi waqhubeka ecima ekudakaleni. Emva kwexesha lokungasebenzi, umongameli waseHarvard wanikela uYakobi isikhundla sokuba ngumfundisi.
Ngethuba wayedla ngokugqithiseleyo ukuba "intetho yokuqala ngophando lweengqondo ndikhe ndaliva ukuba ngowokuqala ndandinika," uYakobi wamkela umsebenzi waza wafundisa eHarvard iminyaka engama-35 ezayo.
Ukongezelela kwezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo, uYakobi wanceda ukuma ikhosi yeengqondo ngokufundisa abafundi abaninzi abadlulela eklasini lakhe.
UYakobi naye wasungula enye yeebhubhile zokuqala zengqondo eUnited States.
Incwadi yakhe yeklastiki Imigaqo ye-Psychology (1890) yayidunyiswa ngokubanzi, kodwa ezinye zazigxeka ingxolo kaYakobi.
"Zincwadi," isazi sengqondo seWilhelm Wundt sichaza ngelithi, "kulungile, kodwa akusiyo ingqondo."
Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, uYakobi washicilela ingqungquthela yomsebenzi obizwa ngokuba yi- Psychology: Course Briefer Course . Ezi ncwadi zibini zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi ngabafundi beengqondo kwaye zaziwa ngabantu abaninzi ngokuthi "uYakobi" kunye "noJimmy" ngokulandelanayo.
IWilliam James Theories
Iminikelo kaYakobi yokuxhasa iingqondo kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:
Pragmatism
UYakobi wabhala ngokugqithiseleyo kwingcamango ye-pragmatism. Ngokwe-pragmatism, inyaniso yeengcamango ayinakuze iboniswe. UJames ucetywa ukuba sibeke ingqalelo kwizinto awabiza ngokuthi "ixabiso lemali," okanye incedo, yembono.
Ukusebenza
UJames wayechasene nombhali wecandelo lokugxininisa ekuveleni nasekuhlaleni iziganeko zengqondo kwizinto ezincinci. Kunoko, uYakobi wagxininisa ekupheleleni kwesiganeko, ethatha impembelelo kwimeko yokuziphatha.
I-James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Ingcamango ye-James-Lange yemvakalelo iphakamisa ukuba isiganeko sisenza indlela yokuphila, esiyichaza ngayo. Ngokwale ngcamango, iimvakalelo zibangelwa ukutolika kwethu kwezi mpendulo zomzimba. Bobabini uYakobi kunye nomdokotela wezilwanyana waseDanish uCarl Lange bazimela ngokuzimeleyo ngcamango.
Impembelelo Yakhe kwiNzululwazi
Ukongeza kwimpembelelo yakhe enkulu, abaninzi abafundi bakaJames baqhuba imisebenzi enempumelelo kunye nefuthe kwengqondo. Abanye abafundi bakaJames baquka uMary Whiton Calkins , u- Edward Thorndike , uG. Stanley Hall kunye noJohn Dewey .
Imisebenzi ekhethiweyo nguWilliam James
- UJames, W. (1890). Iinqununu zengqondo. Amacandelo e-History of Psychology, i-intanethi ye-intanethi eyenziwe nguChristopher D. Green waseYunivesithi yaseYork, eToronto, e-Ontario.
- UJames, W. (1897). Intando Yokukholelwa.
- UJames, W. (1907). I-Pragmatism: Igama elitsha ngezinye iindlela ezindala zokucinga. ENew York: Longman Green kunye neCha
Biographies kaWilliam James
- Myers, G. (2001). UWilliam James: Ubomi Bakhe Neengcamango Zakhe. Yale University Press.
- USimon, uL. (1999). Eyona nyaniso: Ubomi bukaWilliam James. University of Chicago Press.
> Imithombo:
> Hergenhahn, i-BR, i-Henley, T. Isingeniso kwiMbali ye-Psychology. IWadsworth Cengage Learning; 2013.