Ifilosofi kunye nootitshala
"Ndiyakholelwa ukuba imfundo, ngoko, yinkqubo yokuphila kwaye ayiyiyo ilungiselelo lokuphila kwangomso." - John Dewey, My Pedagogic Creed (1897)
Igalelo elikhulu likaJohn Dewey
UJohn Dewey wayengumfilosofi waseMelika nootitshala abaye bancedisa ukufumanisa i-pragmatism, isikolo sefilosofi esasiqhelwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Kwakhona waba negalelo kwinkqubela phambili kwimfundo, ekholelwa kakhulu ukuba imfundo efanelekileyo ibandakanya ukufunda ngokwenza.
Ubomi
UJohn Dewey wazalelwa ngo-Oktobha 20, 1859, eBurlington, eVermont. Wafa ngoJuni 1, 1952, eNew York City, eNew York.
Umsebenzi
UJohn Dewey waphumelela kwiYunivesithi yaseVermont waza wachitha iminyaka emithathu njengotitshala wesikolo esiphakeme e-Oil City, ePennsylvania. Emva koko wachitha unyaka efunda phantsi kwesikhokelo sikaG. Stanley Hall kwiYunivesithi yaseYohn Hopkins kwi- lab ye- first lab . Emva kokufumana yakhe Ph.D. kusuka kuJohn Hopkins, uDewey waqhubeka efundisa kwiYunivesithi yaseMichigan kangangokuba malunga neminyaka elishumi.
Ngowe-1894, uDewey wamukelwa isikhundla sokuba ngusihlalo weSebe lefilosofi, ingqondo kunye nokufundisa kwiYunivesithi yaseChicago. KwakuseYunivesithi yaseChicago ukuba uDewey waqala ukuyibeka iimbono zakhe eza kuba negalelo kakhulu kwisikolo sokucinga esaziwa njenge-pragmatism. Umqeshi ophambili we-pragmatism kukuba ixabiso, inyaniso okanye intsingiselo yembono ikhona kwimiphumo yayo.
UDeyey wanceda ekusekeni iYunivesithi yaseChakato yeZikolo zeZikolo, apho wayekwazi ukusebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo imfundiso yakhe yokufundisa.
UDeye ekugqibeleni washiya iYunivesithi yaseChicago waza waba nguprofesa wefilosofi e-Columbia University ukususela ngo-1904 kwaze kwaba ngumhlala-phantsi wakhe ngo-1930. Ngo-1905, waba nguMongameli we- American Psychological Association .
Igalelo kwiNzululwazi
Umsebenzi kaDewey waba nefuthe elibalulekileyo kwizengqondo, imfundo kunye nefilosofi kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo wayebhekwa njengowomnye wabalingani bekhulu le-20. Ugxininiso lwakhe kwimfundo eqhubela phambili luye lwaba negalelo elikhulu ekusebenziseni uvavanyo kunokusebenzisa indlela yobulungisa yolwazi. UDeyy wayengumlobi obalaseleyo, ukushicilela iincwadi ezili-1 000, iincwadana kunye namanqaku kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zezifundo eziquka imfundo, ubugcisa, uhlobo, ifilosofi, inkolo, inkcubeko, imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nentando yenkululeko ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 yokubhala.
Philosophy yezemfundo
U-Dewey ukholelwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba imfundo ayifanele ukuba yinto yokuba abafundi bafunde amaqondo angenangqiqo awayeza kuyilibala. Wayecinga ukuba kufanele ukuba luhambo lwabafundi, ukwakha omnye nomnye ukudala nokuqonda amava amatsha.
U-Dewey naye wayevakalelwa kukuba izikolo zazama ukudala ihlabathi elihlukeneyo nokuphila kwabafundi. Imisebenzi yesikolo kunye namava obomi abafundi kufuneka axhunyiwe, u-Dewey wakholwa, okanye ukuba ukufunda kwangempela bekungeke kwenzeke. Ukunquma abafundi kwiinkalo zabo zengqondo, oko kukuthi, uluntu kunye nosapho, babeza kwenza ukuba ukufunda kwabo kungabi nentsingiselo kwaye oko kwenza ukuba ukufunda kube kancinci.
Ngokufanayo, izikolo nazo zifuna ukulungiselela abafundi kubomi ngokuhlalisana nabo.
Iincwadi ezikhethiweyo
- Isikolo kunye noMbutho (1900)
- Umntwana kunye neKharityhulam (1902)
- Indlela Esicinga Ngayo (1910)
- Amava kunye neNdalo (1925)
- Ifilosofi neMpucuko (1931)
- Ukwazi nokwaziwa (1949)
Imithombo:
Dewey, J. (1897). My Pedagogic Creed. I-Journal Journal, 54 , 77-80.
UHickman, uP. (2000). UJohn Dewey. College of Muskingum, iSebe lezengqondo. Ifunyenwe kwi-intanethi ku- http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/dewey.htm
UMartin, Jay. (2003). Imfundo kaJohn Dewey. Columbia University Press.
UNeill, J. (2005). UJohn Dewey, uYise wanamhlanje wemfundo efumanekayo. Wilderdom.com.
Soltis, JF "Dewey, John (1859-1952)." I-Encyclopedia yeMfundo, i-Gale Group Inc. (2002).