Ukuxilongwa kwe-post-traumatic disorder (PTSD) eyenziwe njani? Akubona wonke umntu oye wafumana isiganeko esibuhlungu kunye nePTSD. Abantu abaninzi bafumana iziganeko ezibuhlungu ebomini babo. Emva kwesiganeko esibuhlungu, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba ube neengxaki ezinzulu zokuxhalaba, ukudabuka okanye uxinzelelo. Abanye abantu banokufumana ezinye iimpawu ze-PTSD ezifana neendlongo, iinkumbulo malunga nomcimbi, okanye iingxaki zokulala ebusuku.
Nangona kunjalo, ngelixa ufumana iimpawu zePTSD , awunayo i-PTSD. Cinga ngale ndlela: Intloko ingabonakalisa ingxaki enkulu, njengomkhuhlane. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba neentloko akuthethi ukuba usukhuhlane. Kuyafana nePTSD. Uninzi lweempawu ze-PTSD ziyingxenye yesigqibo esisigxina somzimba ekuxinezelekeni .
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, iingcali zempilo yengqondo zifikelele kwiimfuno ezithile ezifunekayo ukuze zifumane ukuxilongwa kwe-PTSD. Ezi mfuno zithunyelwa njengeCriteria A-H kwaye zichazwe kwiprogram yesi-5 yeNgcaciso yokuHlola kunye neSatistim of Disabilities . Iimpawu ezi-6 zokuxilongwa kwe-PTSD zichazwe ngezantsi.
Iimpawu ezi-6
Ikhrayithi A: Inkxalabo
Ukubonakaliswa kokufa, ukusongela ukufa, ukutshatyalaliswa okunzulu okanye ukusongela, okanye ulwalamlo olwenziwe ngokwesini okanye olunye lweendlela ezilandelayo:
- Ukubonakala ngokukhawuleza kwisiganeko esibuhlungu.
- Ukufakaza, ngomntu, isiganeko esibuhlungu.
- Ngokungaqhelekanga, ngokufunda ukuba isihlobo esiseduze okanye umhlobo osondeleyo wayebonakaliswe ngengozi. Ukuba eso siganeko sasibandakanyeka okanye sengozini yokufa, kufuneka ukuba yinobudlova okanye ingozi.
- Ukuphindaphinda okanye ukugqithisa ngokungathanga ngqo ngokucacileyo kwiinkcukacha zomsitho, ngokuqhelekileyo kwixesha lemisebenzi yobungcali (umzekelo, abaphenduli bokuqala, ukuqokelela iinxalenye zomzimba; ootitshala abachazwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiinkcukacha zokuxhaphazwa kwabantwana). Oku akubandakanyi ukungabikho kobugcisa obungabonakaliyo ngezobugcisa, kumabonwakude, kwiimifanekiso okanye kwimifanekiso.
Isiqendu B: Iimpawu zokungena
Isiganeko esibuhlungu sisenza ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwindlela enye okanye ngaphezulu kwindlela elandelayo:
- Izihlandlo eziphindaphindiweyo, ezingabonakaliyo kunye nezikhumbuza. Qaphela: Abantwana abaneminyaka engaphezu kweesithupha bangabonisa le mpawu ngokudlala ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
- Iingqungquthela zobusuku. Qaphela: Abantwana banokuba namaphupha aqhiphukisayo ngaphandle kokuqulethwe ngokumalunga neentlungu.
- Ukutshintsha kwe-dissociative (umz., I-flashbacks) ezinokuthi zenzeke ngokuqhubekayo ukusuka kwiipasiti ezifutshane ukugqiba ukulahlekelwa yintliziyo. Qaphela: Abantwana bangasichazela isiganeko esisekudlaleni.
- Unxinzelelo olunzulu okanye olude emva kokuvalelwa kwizikhumbuzo ezibuhlungu.
- Ukuphawula kwe-physiologic reactivity emva kokuchasana nesistim
IsiCwangciso C: Ukuphepha
Ukuqhubeka nokuzama ukukhusela ukuxhatshazwa okuxakekisayo emva kwesiganeko njengoko kuboniswe ngumbandela omnye okanye zombini kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Iingcamango ezinxulumene neentlungu okanye iimvakalelo.
- Izikhumbuzo zangaphandle ezixhatshazwayo (umzekelo, abantu, indawo, iingxoxo, imisebenzi, izinto, okanye iimeko).
IsiCwangciso seD: Iinguqulelo ezingalunganga kwiMood
Ukuguquka kakubi kwiinkcukacha kunye nemvakalelo eyaqala okanye yaba nzima emva kwesiganeko esibuhlungu njengoko kuboniswa ngaba babini okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Ukungakwazi ukukhumbula iimpawu eziphambili zesiganeko esibuhlungu (ngokuqhelekileyo i-disnesative amnesia; kungekhona ngenxa yokulimala kwentloko, utywala, okanye iziyobisi).
- Ukuphikelela (kwaye kaninzi kuphazamiseka) iinkolelo ezintle kunye nokulindela malunga nawe okanye ihlabathi (umzekelo, "Ndiyingozi," "Ihlabathi liyingozi ngokupheleleyo").
- Ukuphikelela okusoloko kuphazamisa ukuzimela okanye abanye ngenxa yokubangela isiganeko esibuhlungu okanye ngenxa yeziphumo eziphumo.
- Iimvakalelo ezinxulumene neentlungu eziqhubekayo (umzekelo, ukwesaba, ukukrakra, umsindo, ityala, okanye ihlazo).
- Ngokuphawulekayo kuye kwaphazamiseka umdla (kwimisebenzi ephambili engumngcipheko) kwimisebenzi ebalulekileyo.
- Ukuziva uhlukaniswe nabanye (umz., Ulwalamano okanye ulwahlulo).
- Ukukhawuleza kuthintela: ukungakwazi ukuqhubeka nokuvakalelwa.
Inkcazo E: Utshintsho kwi-Arousal ne-Reactivity
Utshintsho olunxulumene noxinzelelo olusisigxina ekuvukeleni nasekusebenziseni amandla okuqala okanye okugqithisileyo emva kwesiganeko esibuhlungu njengoko kuboniswa ngaba babini okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Ukuziphatha kakubi okanye ulaka
- Ukuzilimaza okanye ukuziphatha okungenangqondo
- Ukunyaniseka
- Impendulo yokusasazeka
- Iingxaki kwixinaniso
- Ukuphazamiseka kokulala
Inkcazo F: Ubude
Ukunyamezela kweempawu (kwiCandelo B, C, D, no-E) ngaphezu kweenyanga enye.
IsiGrike G: Ukubaluleka kokusebenza
Uxinzelelo olunxulumene nesifo-mali okanye ukukhubazeka komsebenzi (umz., Intlalontle, umsebenzi).
Isiqendu H: Ukukhutshwa
Ukuphazamiseka akubangelwa yimichiza, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, okanye esinye isifo.
Ukwenza i-Diagnosis
Ukuba ucinga ukuba unayo i-PTSD, kubalulekile ukuba udibane neengcali zempilo yengqondo eqeqeshiwe ekuhloleni nasekuphatheni i-PTSD .
Iindidi ze-PTSD Abanikezeli Bonyango
Ukuze unqume ukuba okanye unayo i-PTSD, ugqirha uya kuxoxa nawe. Ugqirha uya kubuza malunga nazo zonke iimpawu ezi ngasentla, kwaye uya kugqiba ukuba ngaba abanamava abonelele ngokwaneleyo ukuba baqwalaselwe ingxaki.
Ukuxilongwa ngePTSD
Ukongeza kwi-PTSD, umboneleli wakho unyango unokukubuza malunga nezinye iimeko zengqondo ezifunyenweyo ukuba zihlangane kunye ne-PTSD, kubandakanywa ukudandatheka okukhulu , ukuphazamiseka kwezidakamizwa , ukukhathazeka kokutya , okanye ukukhathazeka kokuxhalabisa .
I-PTSD ingaba isifo esinzima ukujamelana nayo. Sekunjalo, kukho ithemba. Sifunda ngakumbi nangakumbi nge-PTSD imihla ngemihla, kwaye kukho iindlela ezininzi zokwelapha ezikhoyo. Unokufunda okungakumbi malunga neyeza ngePTSD ngamanqaku alandelayo:
- Unyango lwe-PTSD : Iinkqubo zokuCocnitive-Behavioral Treatments (okanye i-CBT) ye-PTSD ekugxinineni indlela abantu abavavanya ngayo nokuphendula kwiimeko, iingcamango, neemvakalelo, kunye nokuziphatha okungalunganga okuvela kwiingcamango neemvakalelo.
- Ulwaphulo lwe-PTSD : I- PTSD yonyango yokuzibonakalisa iyinkqubo yokuziphatha yokuziphatha okujolise ekunciphiseni ukwesaba komntu, ukuxhalaba nokuziphatha okukhuselayo ngokubambisana nomntu (okanye ukubonakaliswa) kwiingcamango, iimvakalelo okanye imeko eyoyikwayo.
- Ukwamkelwa kunye nokuzibophelela Ulwaphulo : Ukwamkelwa kunye nokuzibophelela Unyango luyonyango lokuziphatha olusekelwe kwingcamango yokuba ukubandezeleka kwethu akuveli kwintlungu yomzwelo, kodwa ukususela ekuzameni kwethu ukukhusela loo ntlungu. Injongo yalo enkulu kukunceda abantu bavuleleke kwaye bazimisele ukufumana amava abo ngaphakathi ngaphakathi ekugxileni ingqalelo ukuzama ukuphepha okanye ukuthintela intlungu (kuba akunakwenzeka oko) kodwa endaweni yokuphila ubomi obunentsingiselo.
- Unyango lwe-Co-Occurrence ye-PTSD kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi: I- PTSD kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kusetyenziswa rhoqo, kwaye ngoko ke, unyango oluninzi luye lwaphuhliswa olujolise ngqo kulo mcimbi. Ukufuna ukhuseleko yile nonyango.
- I-Psychodynamic Psychotherapy ye-PTSD : I- Psychodynamic Psychotherapy igxininisa kwiimeko ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela okanye zokubangela iimpawu zomntu, njengamava okuqala abantwana, ubudlelwane bangoku kunye nezinto abantu abazenzayo ukuze bazikhusele kwiingcamango neemvakalelo. Ngokungafani ne-CBT, ingqondo yengqondo ye-psychodynamic igxininisa indima yengqondo engenalwazi kwimilinganiselo yethu.
Unokufumana ababoneleli bezonyango kwi-PTSD kwindawo yakho ngokusebenzisa i-UCompare HealthCare kunye ne-Anxiety Disorder Association of America.
Umthombo:
> I-American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Incwadana yokuxilonga kunye neenkcukacha zeengxaki zeengqondo (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: Ukushicilela kwe-Psychiatric yaseMerika.