I-Nicotine yikhemikhali ye-alkaloid engenambala edlalwa ngokubanzi kwisityalo sogwayi, esisekhaya lesityalo se-nightshade. I-Nicotine iphinde ibe nexabiso elincinci kwiitamatato, amazambane, i-pepper eluhlaza, isitshalo seqanda kunye nezityalo ze-coca.
Ininzi eyaziwa ngokuba yinto yokwenza umlutha kwiimveliso zecuba, i- nicotine idla ngokugqithiseleyo ukuba yingozi yeekhemikhali.
Nangona uphando luqhubeka ngokubhekiselele kwi-nicotine kunye nendlela elichaphazela ngayo umzimba womntu, inani leenyaniso malunga neengozi ze-nicotine ziyafumaneka namhlanje, ezinye zazo ezinokumangalisa.
Indlela iNicotine echaphazela ngayo iKhemistry yeZiko
- Xa u-inhaled, i-nicotine ihamba kwi-brain ngokukhawuleza (ngaphakathi kwemizuzwana engama-7 kuya kwe-10) kwaye ifakela kumamkeli apho i-neurotransmitter acetylcholine yayiqhele ukukhwela. Le nto iqala ukhenketho lweemichiza ezichaphazela imisebenzi eminingi yomzimba.
- Abaninzi ababhemayo baqhelana nomvakalelo wentliziyo yokugijima kunye / okanye ukuphefumula okungapheliyo xa bevutha. I-Adrenaline , i-hormone 'yokulwa okanye indiza' ibangela oku. Xa i-nicotine ifinyelela ebuchosheni, i-adrenaline ikhutshwe, ikhula intliziyo yegazi, uxinzelelo lwegazi, kwaye inqanda ukuhamba kwegazi entliziyweni.
- I-Adrenaline iphinda ixelele umzimba ukuba uhambise i-glucose engaphezulu kwigazi. Ngexesha elifanayo, i-nicotine inqanda ukukhululwa kwe-insulini kwi-pancreas, eya kususa iswekile engaphezulu kwigazi. Isiphumo kukuba ababhemayo bahlala besesigxina se-hyperglycemia, oku kuthetha ukuba baneshukela egazini labo kunokoqhelekileyo. Isetyhu ephezulu yegazi iyanciphisa indlala, kwaye oku kubangelwa yinkcitho yokunciphisa ukutya-nicotine.
- I-Dopamine enye enye i-neurotransmitter eyenziwa xa i-nicotine ifinyelela ebuchosheni. I-Dopamine ibangela ukuvakalelwa kwentswelo kwaye icinga ukuba idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugqiliseni.
- I-Nicotine iyakhuthaza , kodwa kuxhomekeke kwisimo sengqondo somzimba kunye nesimo somzimba, sinokuqonda njengokwenza amandla okanye ukuphumla.
I-Nicotine Inetyhefu
- I-Nicotine inetyhefu kakhulu. I-30 mg - 60 mg ye-nicotine (i-drop of nicotine ecocekileyo kwifom ye-liquide) iyona dose ebulalayo kumntu omdala ophakathi. Oko kwathiwa, iimveliso zecuba ayinayo i-nicotine eyaneleyo yokubangela ukugqithisa kokufa xa kusetyenziswa njengoko kuqondiswe. Umzekelo, i-cigaretti eyenziwe ngokuqhelekileyo iqulethe malunga ne-10 mg ye-nicotine, kodwa ininzi yayo iya kunyuka kumsi, kunye ne-milligram enye ye-nicotine ifakwe ngumntu otshaya.
- I-Nicotine ingaba yingozi kubantwana kwimilinganiselo encinane njengama-milligram ayi-10.
- Izityalo zivelisa i-nicotine ukuzikhusela kwizidlo, kwaye abantu basebenzisa i-nicotine kwizibulala-zinambuzane ngezizathu ezifanayo.
- I-Nicotine inokungena ngaphakathi kwesikhumba, leyo yindlela yokuhambisa kunye ne-nicotin patch. Ukuchithwa kwe-cigarette ye-nicotine isisombululo (ebizwa ngokuba yi-e-juice) ingaba yingozi ngenxa yesi sizathu.
- Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba i-nicotine yomsi womnxeba unokungena kwi-isikhumba esingakhange sichaze umsi. Iyakwazi ukungena kwesikhumba kwiingubo eziye zonakaliswa yi-nicotine.
Ingozi yeNicotine Exposure for Children and Unborn Child
- I-Nicotine ikhona kwi-asele eshiywe emva komsi wesigare kwindawo evaliweyo, eyaziwa ngokuba ngumsi wesandla wesithathu . Oku kubangela ingozi kubantwana abancinci abangaba neicotine kwiimidlalo kunye nezandla ezincinci ezifumana indlela eya emlonyeni womntwana.
- Abantwana abasebancinci basengozini yokutyhefuza i-nicotine ekutshiseni iigayibha epheleleyo / i-cigarette, okanye i-NRT iimveliso ezinjenge-nicotine gum okanye i-nicotine patches. Nceda ugcine ezi zinto ngaphandle kokufikelela kwabantwana!
- I-Nicotine inokunciphisa ikhono lomduna lokutshiza amaqanda ngamaphesenti angama-75. Izitshixo zeNicotine kunye neendawo zokufumana izilwanyana zesininzi kwaye ziphazamise ukubonakala kwazo kumadoda abatshitshisileyo.
- I-Nikotine ibangela ukuba imithwalo yegazi iyancipha. Oomama abakhulelweyo, oku kuguqulela oksijini encinci kunye nezondlo ezithunyelwa kumntwana.
- I-Nicotine iwela ngokukhawuleza isithintelo se-placental kwaye iyakwazi ukujikelezwa kokubili komntwana kunye ne-amniotic fluid. Ngeli xesha, awaziwa ukuba i-nicotine in vitro yayiza kuthathwa njengeyingozi kumntwana.
- I-Nicotine iqokelela ubisi lwebele, idluliselwa kubantwana abancinci, kwaye ibonakala ichaphazela iipatheni zabo zokulala.
Indlela iNicotine Inokulimaza ngayo Impilo Yakho
- Uphando lufumene unxibelelwano phakathi kwe- nicotine kunye nomonakalo we-muscle wesalathisi osisigxina , okwenza ukuba kubekho iiplati ezikhokelela kwisifo senhliziyo.
- I-Nicotine ithintela ukuveliswa kweeseli ezivelisa amathambo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-osteoblasts. Oku kwandisa ukuphilisa xa amathambo ephukile.
- I-Nicotine inqanda i-apoptosis, inkqubo ekhupha iseli ezingafunekiyo emzimbeni (ukufa kweselungisiwe). Ekubeni ezinye iiseli ezijoliswe yi-apoptosis ziinguqu ezinokuba ngumhlaza esikhathini esizayo, ukuvimbela lo msebenzi obalulekileyo kunokufaka isandla kwizifo ezisongela ubomi.
- Ukutshaya kuyingozi yengozi yokuguqula i-disenerative dis disease . I-Nicotine kunye ne- carbon monoxide kumsi we-cigaretti inqanda i-cell spinal dis cells ukususa izondlo ezibalulekileyo egazini, oko kukukhokelela ekudambisweni kwexesha elide kunye nokuguqulwa kwama-spinal disc.
I-Nicotine iphakathi kweyona inetyhefu yezo zonke iityhefu kwaye inomlutha kakhulu.
Kuphutha ukucinga ukuba ukusebenzisa i-nicotin kwifom engabandakanyi igareyi ayiyingozi. Imveliso efana necuba elingenawo umbane kunye ne- cigarettes zogesi zingabonwa njengengozi xa kuthelekiswa nokubhema ugwayi, kodwa zineengozi ezinzulu zempilo ngokunjalo. Futhi musa ukulibala, ngelixa u-nicotine umlutha usebenza ngokukhawuleza, ababhemayo bade basengozini enkulu yokutshaya ngokutsha .
Musa ukuhlala phantsi ngaphantsi kokufanelwe. Ukubuyiselwa kwi-nicotine umlutha kuthatha umsebenzi othile, kodwa kuyenzeka kwaye kuvuza.
Ubomi busebenza bhetele kuzo zonke iinqanaba xa sikhululeka ekubeni sisetyenziswe kwijele.
Imithombo:
Inkqubo Yomhlaba Yokhuseleko Lwemveliso. Nicotine.
I-Monell Chemical Senses Centre. I-Nicotine kwi-Breast Milk iphazamisa iifestile zokulala zabantwana. Septemba 4, 2007.
Isizwe seSizwe sokuLawulwa kweziyobisi. Amachiza: Iicigaret kunye nezinye iimveliso zoTuba. Ukuhlaziywa ngoMeyi 2016.
AmaZiko eZiko lezeMpilo. Iimpembelelo zeNicotine Ngethuba lokukhulelwa: Ubungqina boLuntu kunye noViwo. Septemba 5, 2007.
IWiley Online Library. Imilinganiselo ye-Dermal Uptake yeNicotine ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Air ne-Clothing. NgoSeptemba 29, 2016.