Ingqwalaselo yokuLungisa
Kwangexesha elide, umlutha wawuthetha umkhuba ongalawulwayo wokusetyenziswa kotywala okanye ezinye iziyobisi . Ngoku kutshanje, umgaqo wokutshabalala uye wanda ukuquka ukuziphatha , njengokungcakaza, kwakunye nezinto, kunye nemisebenzi eqhelekileyo nemfuneko, njengokuzilolonga nokutya . Ingundoqo kukuba umntu ufumanisa indlela yokuziphatha enomdla ngandlela-thile kwaye uqhuba ngokugqithiseleyo ekuziphatheni njengendlela yokujongana nobomi.
Ngethuba ixesha umntu elumluthayo, ukuziphatha kuya kubangela iingxaki ezininzi ebomini bomntu kunokuba zixazulule.
Izinto ezi-5 eziphezulu zokukwazi ngezidakamizwa
- Nangona ukutshabalalisa izidakamizwa kuye kwabonakala kubonakala ngokucacileyo, kukho ukuphikisana malunga nokuba yiziphi izinto eziluthayo. Izikhokelo zangoku kwiNcwadana yokuHlola kunye neSatistim of Distress mentals, okanye iDSM 5, ibonisa ukuba izinto ezininzi zokusingatha ingqondo , kuquka imishanguzo, zinakho ukulutha.
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Yintoni eyahlukileyo phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwezinto kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi?
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Iziganeko ezixhamlayo: Iingxaki zempilo yengqondo kunye noxilongo
- Kukho ingxoxo enkulu malunga nokuba izilingo ezininzi "zokuziphatha" ziyiliso "yinyaniso". Uphando olungakumbi lufunekayo ukucacisa lo mbandela. Ukugqithisa ukugembula kuyingozi yokuziphatha eye yabonwa iminyaka emininzi njengengxaki yokulawula ingqondo. Ngoku ikwahlula njengengxaki yokuGembula kwi-DSM.
- Izilwanyana zithatha ixesha lokuphuhlisa. Akunakwenzeka ukuba umntu uya kuba ngumlutha emva kokusebenzisa isilwanyana kanye, nangona kunokwenzeka ukuhlakulela ingxaki yengqondo, okanye ukufa ngokugqithiseleyo okanye enye ingxaki emva kokusetyenziswa kwamanye izinto.
- Nangona kukho ezinye izikolo ezicinga ukuba zishumayela isidingo sokuziyeka ngokupheleleyo, abantu abaninzi banokufunda ukulawula ukuziphatha okubi, njengokusela, ukutya, ukuthenga, kunye nesondo. Ingaba le ngcamango enhle kuwe kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi kwaye ichanekileyo ngokugqitywa ngokusebenzisana nodokotela wakho okanye ugqirha.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto akusoloko kubonakalisa ukulutha, nangona ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa kuthatha imingcipheko yezempilo kunye nentlalo kunye nokulutha. Abazali akufanele bacinge ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba umntwana unomlutha xa befumana umntwana wabo usetyenzise iziyobisi.
Ngoko Ukuba Unokuba Ungumlwelisi Nantoni na, Yintoni Eyenza Umlutha?
Iimpawu zokuxhatshazwa ziyahluka, kodwa kukho iinkalo ezimbini ezo zonke izilwanyana ezifanayo:
- Ukuziphatha komlutha kuyimaladaptive okanye kubangela iingxaki kumntu, okanye abo bajikelezayo. Ngoko endaweni yokunceda umntu ajamelane neemeko okanye anqobe iingxaki, kudla ukuphazamisa ezi zinto. Ngokomzekelo, umntu ongencaka unokufisa ukuba unemali eninzi, kodwa ukugembula kunokwenzeka ukuba kuncitshiswe izibonelelo zakhe zemali. Umntu onxilisayo unokufuna ukuzincoma, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kotywala kunokukhokelela okanye kuqinise ukudandatheka. Umlutha wezesondo unokufuna ukunxulumana, kodwa ugxininiso lwezenzo zesondo lunokuthintela ukusondelana kwangempela ekuphuhliseni.
- Ukuziphatha kuqhubeka . Xa umntu enomlutha, uya kuqhubeka nokubandakanya ukuziphatha komlutha , nangona kukho inkathazo eyimenza. Ngoko ngeveki evelele yokuzinyanya akusiyo umlutha, nangona kungabangela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengxaki. Umlutha ubonakaliswa ngokubandakanya ukuziphatha.
Kodwa Ukuba Usenakuvuyela, ayikwazi ukuba ngumlutha, kulungile?
Ngalunganga. Ngenxa yokuba abeendaba, ngokukodwa, baye babonakalisa izilingo njengabantu abangenathemba, abangonwabileyo obomi babo bahlukana, abaninzi abantu abanomlutha abakholelwa ukuba banomlutha nje nje ngokuba bazonwaba kunye nokugcina ubomi babo ndawonye.
Ngokuqhelekileyo izilingo zabantu zixhomekeke kwimpilo yabo, ukuya apho bangazange bazive bengabonakalisi iimpawu zokuyeka. Okanye abanokuthi baqaphele iimpawu zabo zokuhoxiswa kwabo, bakubeka phantsi ukuguga, basebenze kanzima, okanye bangathandi ukusa. Abantu banokuhamba iminyaka bengayiqaphela indlela abaxhomekeke ngayo kwi-addiction yabo.
Abantu abanezidakamizwa ezingekho mthethweni banokuyonwabela imfihlelo yokuziphatha kwabo. Basenokumangalela uluntu ngenxa yengqondo yabo emncinci, bakhethe ukuzibona bengabantu abazikhethelekileyo kunye nabazimeleyo. Enyanisweni, izilingo zithatha ukunciphisa abantu ngabanye kunye nenkululeko njengoko ziba nzima kakhulu ekuziphatheni kwabo. Ukuya entolongweni ngokubandakanyeka kumlingo ongekho mthethweni kuvumela inkululeko yabo ngakumbi.
Xa abantu banomlutha, ukuzonwabisa kwabo ngokuqhelekileyo kugxila ekusebenzeni ukuziphatha komlutha nokunciphisa ukuhoxiswa, kunokuba kukho uluhlu olupheleleyo lwezinto ezenza umntu abe nolonwabo olupheleleyo. Ngexesha elithile, umntu onomlutha angaqonda ukuba ubomi buye bawadlula, kwaye baye baphoswa ekuvavanyeni amava ngaphandle kokulutha. Ukwazisa ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka xa abantu banqoba umlutha.
Yiyiphi Ingxaki Ukuba Ayenzi Nengozi?
Izilungiso zilimaza umntu onomlutha kunye nabantu abakujikelezile.
Ingxaki enkulu kukuba ukungaphumeleli komntu onomlutha ukuqonda ukulimala kwabo umlutha. Mhlawumbi unokungavumi malunga neengxaki ezingekho phantsi kwakhe, ukukhetha ukungayinaki imiphumo kwimpilo yakhe, kwindlela yokuphila kunye nobudlelwane. Okanye unokugxeka imeko zangaphandle okanye abanye abantu ebomini bakhe ngenxa yobunzima bakhe.
Ingozi eyabangelwa ngumlutha kunzima kakhulu ukuqonda ukuba umlutha uyindlela engundoqo yokujongana nezinye iingxaki.
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Ziziphi iimpawu ezisemthethweni zoMlutha?
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8 Iingcamango eziqhelekileyo malunga nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi
Ngamanye amaxesha ezinye iingxaki zihambelana ngqo neziyobisi, njengeengxaki zempilo, ngamanye amaxesha zihambelana ngqo nomlutha, umzekelo, iingxaki zobudlelwane .
Abanye abantu abafumana umlutha kwizinto okanye kwimisebenzi bayazi kakuhle izidakamizwa zabo, kunye nengozi ebangelwa ngumlutha, kodwa qhubeka uqhuba ukuziphatha kakubi. Oku kungabangelwa kukuba abavakalelwa ukuba bangakwazi ukuhlangabezana nabo ngaphandle komlutha, kuba bayakuphepha ukujongana nomnye umba wokuba umlutha ubaphazamise (kubanjelwa ukuphathwa kakubi njengomntwana), okanye ngenxa yokuba abazi ubomi nangayiphi indlela.
Ubungozi bomlutha bunokuqatshelwa kuphela xa umntu onomlingo ehamba neengxaki. Oku kunokwenzeka xa inkunkuma okanye ukuziphatha okuxilisayo kuyasuswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye umntu uya kuhoxiswa kwaye akakwazi ukuhlangabezana nayo. Okanye kunokuthi kube ngumphumo wokulutha, njengokugula okubi, ukushiya iqabane okanye ukulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi.
Ukuba Ucinga Ukuba Unokuba Nomlutha
Kuqhelekileyo, ukuba akuqhelekanga, ukuba uhambe kwisigaba sokubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okanye ukuziphatha kakubi ngaphandle kokukholelwa ukuba ungumlutha. Oku kuqhelekileyo, enyanisweni, ukuba kunalo igama, isigaba sokuqala . Ukuba uqala ukucinga ukuba unakho umlutha, mhlawumbi uye wasuka kwisigaba sokucinga. Eli lixesha elaneleyo lokufumana okungakumbi malunga nexabiso okanye ukuziphatha oye wabandakanyeka kuyo, kwaye ubonakalise ngokunyanisekileyo nokuba unayo nayiphi na impawu okanye iimpawu zokulutha.
Le miqondiso kunye neempawu ziyahlukahluka komnye umntu, kodwa izikhombisi eziqhelekileyo kukuba uzibandakanya ekuziphatheni, okanye uthatha ininzi yexabiso, kunokuba wawuhlose okokuqala; ukuba uxakeke ngexesha elizayo unokuzibandakanya kwiindlela zokuziphatha okanye usebenzise le nkunkuma; kwaye ubeka phambi kwezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo zobomi bakho, njengentsapho, umsebenzi kunye noxanduva. Unokufumanisa ukuba ulahlekelwa ngumdla kwezinye izinto ezonwabileyo, xa kuthelekiswa nokuziphatha komlutha.
Abantu abaninzi banquma ukwenza utshintsho. Kwabanye abantu, oku kulula kwaye kulawulwa. Kwabanye abaninzi, ukuyeka ukukhokelela kunokukhokelela kwimpawu ezingabonakaliyo zokuzihoxisa, kunye neendlela zokuziphatha, kwaye unokuvulela iimvakalelo ezingenakuzixhalabisa ezidityanisiweyo okanye ezixinzelelekileyo ngokuziphatha kakubi. Ukuba oko kwenzeka, okanye ukuba uphuze okanye usebenzisa iziyobisi, njenge-opioids-engekho mthethweni okanye imiselweyo, amanye amayeza enyango, iimvumi, i-cocaine, okanye i-meth-kufuneka ufune uncedo lwezokwelapha ngokukhawuleza. Ukuyeka ezinye iziyobisi emva koko ukubuyela kwakhona kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokugqithisa ngokwexesha, iingxaki zempilo yengqondo, okanye ezinye iingxaki zonyango ezongela ubomi, kwaye kufuneka zenziwe phantsi kolawulo lwezonyango.
Ukuphila Ngomlutha
Abanye abantu abafuni ukutshintsha indlela yabo yokulutha, okanye uzame kwaye uzame kodwa ungabonakali uphumelele xa uyeka. Aba bantu bahlala bephucula injongo yokunciphisa iinjongo, okanye basebenzise izixhobo zoncedo zokulawula umlutha wabo.
Ukuba oku kufana nawe, khumbula ukuba uncedo luhlala lukhona. Ukuzifundisa ngokwesiqalo esihle. Unokunciphisa kakhulu umonakalo kuwe nakwabakho, kwaye mhlawumbi ngolunye usuku, uya kuba ulungele ukutshintsha okulungileyo.
Izinyathelo Ezilandelayo Zokuqwalasela
Nangona kubonakala kunkwantya, ukufumana uvavanyo nokuxilongwa kuyisinyathelo esihle ngokufumana uncedo. Ukuba akusikho kuwe, ungazama amaqela okuzinceda kwaye uxhumane nabanye abajongene nengxaki efanayo. Ukufumana okungakumbi malunga nokunyanzela kwakho kunye nento encede abanye ingaba isinyathelo esihle, kwaye akufuneki ukuba uthethe nabani na.
ILizwi
Abantu abaninzi bayayesaba ixesha lokuxhatshazwa kwaye bakholelwa ukuba kubonisa ukungaphumeleli okanye ukungabi nantoni. Abantu abanezilingo badla ngokunyaniseka malunga nokuziphatha kwabo, okukhokelela ekuhlazeni kunye nokwesaba ukufuna uncedo. Ihlabathi liyatshintsha, kwaye unokufumanisa ukuba ukufumana uncedo lomlutha wakho yinto enhle oyenzela yona. Okwangoku, sithemba ukuba ukuzifundisa kuya kunceda ekuhambeni kohambo lwakho.
Imithombo:
Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika. I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities (Ingqungquthela yesihlanu), iWashington DC, uMbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika. 2013.
Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika. I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities (Ingqungquthela yesi-4 - Ukuhlaziywa kwembhalo), iWashington DC, uMbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika. 1994.
Hartney E, Orford J, Dalton S, Ferrins-Brown, Kerr C, kunye noMaslin J. Abangenayo abaphuza kakhulu: uvavanyo olulinganiselayo noluninzi lokuxhomekeka nokulungele ukutshintsha. Uphuhliso loPhando kunye neNtshutshiso . 2003 11: 317-337. 25 Agasti 2008.
Iimpawu zeMpawu zokuziphatha (ezingezizo zamakhemikhali). IBritish Journal of Addiction . 1990 85: 1389-1394. 25 Agasti 2008.
I-Orford J. Izicelo ezigqithisileyo: I-Psychological View of Addictions (Uhlobo lwe-2). Wiley, Chicester. 2001.