Iintlobo, iMpawu, kunye neNyango yoLoloko oluqhubekayo nolushushu
Ngokombutho we-American Psychiatric Association, i-phobia iyinkolelo engenangqiqo nokugqithiseleyo into okanye imeko. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-phobia iquka ukuzivala engozini okanye ukwesaba ingozi. Ngokomzekelo, abo abane-agoraphobia besoyika ukubanjwa kwindawo engaphambukiyo okanye imeko.
Iimpawu zePhobias
Iimpawu ze-Phobic zingenzeka ngokungcola into eyikiweyo okanye imeko, okanye ngamanye amaxesha kuphela ngokucinga ngento eyoyikayo.
Izimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezinxulumene nama-phobias ziquka:
- Ukuxakeka, ukuthuthumela, nokwanda kwenhliziyo
- Ukuphefumula
- I sizathu
- Ingqiqo engokoqobo
- Ukoyika ukufa
- Ukukhathazeka ngento eyoyikayo
Kwezinye iimeko, le mpawu ingase iqhubekele ekuhlaselweni ngokuxhalabisayo . Ngenxa yezi mpawu, abanye abantu baqala ukuzihlukanisa, kubangele ubunzima obunzima bokusebenza kwimihla ngemihla kunye nokugcina ubudlelwane. Kwezinye iimeko, umntu unokufuna unyango ngenxa yokukhathazeka rhoqo ngezifo ezicatshulwayo okanye ukufa okukufutshane.
Iintlobo zePhobias
I-American Psychiatric Association ibonisa i-phobias kwiintlobo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo:
- I-phobias yentlalo ibandakanya ukwethuka kweemeko zentlalo. Ezi ziphoso zibandakanya ukwesaba okugqithiseleyo kunye nokwanda kweemeko zentlalo. Kwezinye iimeko, loloyiko lunokuthi lube lubekwe kwindawo ekhethekileyo yentlalo efana nokuthetha koluntu. Kwamanye amaxesha, abantu banokwesaba ukwenza nayiphi na imisebenzi phambi kwabanye abantu ngenxa yokoyika ukuba baya kuthotywa ngandlela-thile esidlangalaleni.
- I-Agoraphobia ibandakanya ukwesaba ukuxhonywa kwindawo engenakukhunjulwa okanye imeko. Ngenxa yoko, umntu onobungozi angaqala ukukhusela iimeko ezinjalo. Kwezinye iimeko, loloyiko lunokuba lukhulu kwaye lukhulu kangangokuba umntu uyazoyika ukushiya ikhaya.
- I-phobias ekhethekileyo ibandakanya ukwesaba into ethile (njengenyoka okanye iibhotela kunye neebhu ). Ezi zihlunu ziwela kwesinye sezigaba ezine ezahlukeneyo: izimo, izilwanyana, unyango, okanye kwendalo. Imibandela embalwa yezinto eziqhelekileyo zokwesaba ziquka izigulane, izinja, iinaliti, iintlekele zemvelo, iindawo eziphakamileyo kunye nokuhamba.
Imizekelo emine yeentlobo ezine eziphambili ze-phobias ziquka:
- Ubume bendalo: Ukwesaba ukukhanya, amanzi, izivunguvungu, iindwangu, iindubhu, okanye i-mudslides.
- Izilwanyana: Uloyiko lweenyoka, iingcongolo, iinkati, okanye iintaka.
- Unyango: Uloyiko lokubona igazi okanye ukutyelela ugqirha.
- Imeko: Ukwesaba amabhuloho, ukushiya ikhaya, okanye ukuqhuba.
I-Phobias ininzi kangakanani?
I-Phobias iyaqhelekile, kunye ne-social phobia echaphazela malunga neepesenti ezi-7 zabantu baseMerika abanomnyaka othile kunye ne-phobias ethile echaphazela malunga neepesenti ezingama-9, ngokwe- National Institute of Health mentals . Ngokubanzi, abafazi bachaphazeleka ngaphezu kwamadoda.
Ukongeza, ngokwesiXhosa seNgcaciso kunye neStatistical of Mental Disorders , kuphela malunga neepesenti ezili-10 zeengxelo ze-phobia eziba yi-phobias.
Unyango lwe-Phobias
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokwelapha ze-phobias, kwaye ukuphumelela kwendlela nganye kuxhomekeke kumntu kunye nohlobo lwazo.
Xa unyango lwezonyango , umntu ubeka ngokucacileyo into eyoyikwesabayo ukwenzela ukuba bancede banqobe ukwesaba kwabo. Olunye uhlobo lwonyango lokutyhila lukhukhula , apho isigulane sibhekene nento eyoyikayo ixesha elide ngaphandle kwithuba lokuphepha.
Injongo yale ndlela kukunceda umntu aqalane noloyiko lwakhe kwaye aqonde ukuba into eyoyiyo ayiyi kubalimaza.
Enye indlela esoloko isetyenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-phobia yinkqubo yokumelana neemeko . Kulo ndlela, umntu ufundiswa impendulo entsha kwinto eyoyikayo. Kunoko ukuba ukwesaba xa ubhekene nesimo okanye imeko, loo mntu ufunda ubuchule bokuphumla ukuze atshintshe ukuxhalaba kunye noyiko. Ukuziphatha okutsha akuhambelani neempendulo zangaphambili zentshukumo, ngoko ukuphendula ngokunyanisekileyo kwancipha. Isiqhelo sokuqhaqhaqhafaza sisoloko sisetyenziselwa nabantu abangakwazi ukulawula unyango lwezonyango.
Ekugqibeleni, kubantu abaneentlalo zentlalo, amayeza afana ne-dose ephantsi ye- benzodiazepine okanye enokubandezeleka (njenge-serotonin ekhethiweyo inhibitor inhibitor, okanye i-SSRI) ngokunxulumene ne-cognitive-behavioral therapy ingaba luncedo kakhulu.
ILizwi
Ukuba ucinga ukuba unokuba ne-phobia, nceda ufune unyango ovela kumntu ogqirha ilayisenisi, isazi sezengqondo, okanye isifo sengqondo. Ufanelwe ukuhlakulela ukulawulwa kwalookoyiko, kwaye unakho unyango olufanelekileyo.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Incwadana yokuxilonga kunye neenkcukacha zeengxaki zeengqondo (5th ed.). IWashington, DC: Ukushicilela i-Psychiatric American.
> Impilo yengqondo, uN. (2016). Amaqiniso NgamaFobias. Psych Central .
> Isiko seSizwe seMpilo yengqondo: Inani leenombolo: Izifo zengqondo eMelika (2013).
> URichard TA Social Association of Concern: I-Social Concern Ishicilelo: Ngaba yintoni ukukhathazeka kweNtlalo?