Izigaba ezisibhozo zoPhuhliso lwaBasebenzi
Ingcamango yokuphuhliswa kwengqondo kwengqondo eyenziwe nguErik Erikson mhlawumbi enye yeengcamango zobuntu ezibalaseleyo. Iingcamango ziyahluka kwabanye abaninzi kuba zichaza intuthuko kulo lonke ixesha lokuphila, ukususela ekuzalweni ngokufa.
Kwinqanaba ngalinye, umntu uphatha umquzulwano osebenza njengenguqu ekuphuculeni. Xa ingquzulwano isonjululwe ngempumelelo, loo mntu uyakwazi ukuphucula umgangatho wengqondo wengqondo ohambelana naloo nqanaba lophuhliso.
Funda kabanzi malunga namanqanaba e-psychosocial ngasinye, kubandakanywa impikiswano ejongene nesigaba ngasinye kunye neziganeko ezinkulu ezenzeka ngexesha ngalinye lophuhliso.
1 - Isigaba soku-1: Ukuthembana nokungaqiniseki
Ukuthembela ngokungafihlisi kwinqanaba lokuqala kwengqondo elenzekayo kunyaka wokuqala okanye ngokobomi bomntwana. Ngeli thuba elibalulekileyo lokuphuhliswa, umntwana usuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kubanakekeli bakhe.
Xa abazali okanye abanakekeli baphendula iimfuno zomntwana ngendlela ehambelana nokunyamekela, umntwana ufunda ukuzithemba ihlabathi kunye nabantu abasondelene naye.
2 - Isigaba sesi-2: Ukuzimela nokuzihlaziya
Isigaba sesibini sengqondo siquka ukungqubana phakathi kokuzimela kunye neentloni okanye ukungathandabuzeki . Njengoko umntwana engena kwiminyaka emancinci, ukufumana umlinganiselo omkhulu wolawulo lomntu kubaluleke kakhulu.
ImiSebenzi efana nokufunda indlela yokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, ukhetha ukutya nokukhetha amathoyizi yiendlela iindlela abantwana abafumana ngayo ukuzimela.
3 - Isigaba sesi-3: Ulungelelwano oluchasene nokuziphendulela
Isigaba sesithathu sengqondo sithathwa njengeqhinga eliphikisana necala kwaye senzeka phakathi kweminyaka eyi-3 ukuya kweyesihlanu. Eli nqanaba lijolise ekuphuhliseni ingqiqo.
Abantwana abavunyelwe kunye nokukhuthazwa ukuba bahlanganyele ekujongeni umdlalo wokuzimela bavela ngoluvo lweqhinga eliqinileyo, ngelixa abo badikibala kule mi sebenzi bangase baqale bazive benetyala ngenxa yezenzo zabo ezizimeleyo.
I-4 - Isigaba se-4: Icandelo elijongene nokungahlambuluki
Ngethuba lobuntwana obuphakathi phakathi kweminyaka engama-6 neshumi elinanye, abantwana bangena kwisigaba sengqondo esaziwayo njengezimboni ngokubhekiselele kumgangatho ongaphantsi . Njengoko abantwana bathatha inxaxheba kwintlalo kunye nabahlobo kunye nemisebenzi yesikolo esikolweni, baqala ukuhlakulela ukuzikhukhumeza nokufezekiswa kwabo emsebenzini kunye namakhono abo.
Abantwana abadunyiswayo nabakhuthazwayo bahlakulela ukuqonda, ngelixa abo badikibalayo basala bengqondo.
5 - Isigaba sesi-5: Identity Versus Confusion
Kwinqanaba lesihlanu lezepolitiki lijoliswe kwi- identity tous role confusion . Kulo phuhliso ekuphuhliseni, ukubunjwa kobuntu bodwa kubaluleke kakhulu. Ebudeni bentsholongwane, intsha ihlola iingxaki ezahlukeneyo, iindima kunye nobuni.
U-Erikson wayekholelwa ukuba eli nqanaba libaluleke kakhulu kwaye ukuseka ubungqina obuqinileyo bunesizathu sokufumana ulwalathiso oluzayo ebomini.
Abo bafumana ingcamango yesazisi bazive bekhuselekile, bazimeleyo kwaye bekulungele ukujamelana nekamva, ngelixa abo bahlala bedidekile banokuziva belahlekile, bangakhuselekanga kwaye baqinisekanga indawo yabo kwihlabathi.
6 - Isigaba sesi-6: Ukungathandana nobudlelwane
Isigaba sesithintelo sengqondo esithandathu sisekelwe ekuthandaneni ngokusondelana nokuxhomekeka kubandakanyeka ekwenzeni ubudlelwane obusondeleyo, nothando nabanye abantu. Ukutshata, umtshato, intsapho kunye nobuhlobo kubalulekile ngexesha lokusondelana nokuqhawulwa kwamanye amazwe, okusukela kwiminyaka engama-19 kuya ku-40.
Ngokwenza ngempumelelo ulwalamano olunothando nabanye abantu, abantu bayakwazi ukufumana uthando nokuzonwabisa. Abo bahluleka ukwenza ulwalamano oluhlalayo banokuziva bekhulile kwaye bodwa.
I-7 - Isigaba sesi-7: Ukuveliswa kweMvelo kunye nokuHlala
Xa abantu abadala befaka ubungakanani bendalo ngokubhekiselele kwisigaba sokuguqulwa okwenzeka phakathi kwabantu abadala, ingxabano yengqondo yabe isekelwe kwisidingo sokwakha okanye ukukhuthaza izinto eziza kuphuma.
Ukukhulisa intsapho, ukusebenza, kunye nokunikela kuluntu kuzo zonke iindlela abantu bahlakulela ngayo injongo yenjongo. Abo bangaphumeleli ukufumana iindlela zokufaka isandla banokuziva banqatshelwe kwaye bengenalusizo.
8 - Isigaba 8: Ukunyaniseka kunye nokuphelelwa lithemba
Isigaba sokugqibela sengqondo saziwa njengengqibelelo ngokuphelelwa yithemba kwaye iqala malunga ne-65 ubudala kwaye idlulela kude kube sekufeni. Ngeli thuba lexesha, umntu ubheka emva kobomi bakhe. Umbuzo obalulekileyo ngeli nqanaba, "Ngaba ndiphile ubomi obunenjongo?"
Abo baya kuvakalelwa ngoxolo, ubulumko nokuzaliseka, nangona bajongene nokufa. Kulabo bajonga emva kobomi ngokukrakra nokuzisola, iimvakalelo zokuphelelwa lithemba zingabangela.