Ukunyangwa kwezifo

Ingqwalasela yeZonyango zokuPhathwa kweziTywala

Ukuba wena okanye othandekayo uye wafumanisa ukuba unesidlo sokutya, usenokuba uyesoyika kwaye ungaqinisekanga ukuba wenze ntoni emva koko. Ngokungafani neminye inkathazo yengqondo, ukuphazamiseka kokutya kunokubangelwa yimiphumo embi yonyango . Ngenxa yoko, bahlala bephathwa ngeqela leengcali.

Ngokwengxenye kuba ukutya okuphazamisayo kunzima kakhulu, ukwazi ukuba uza kuphi unyango kwaye ungayifumana njani ukufikelela kuyo.

Izigulane ezineengxaki zokutya zifumana unyango kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya ikliniki yokugula, isilwanyana esibhedlele okanye into ephakathi.

Ukwazi okungakumbi malunga nemicimbi yonyango-kubandakanya iinjongo, ababoneleli bonyango, izicwangciso zonyango, izixhobo zonyango, kunye nemicimbi yokuthobela kunye nokuthobela-kunokukunceda uzive ulungele ngakumbi ukuba uthathe isinyathelo sakho sokuqala endleleni.

Ziziphi iziCwangciso zokuThatyelwa kweMiphumo yokuThatywa kwezifo?

Ngenxa yokuba abanikezeli be-inshorensi bahlala balela ukuba yeyiphi inqanaba lonyango abakulungele ukulifihla ngemali, unganakho ukuthetha okuninzi malunga nokusetyenziselwa kwakho (ngaphandle kokuba uzimisele kwaye unakho ukuhlawula unyango ngaphandle kwipokoth).

• Izizathu zokunyusa ukuThatya kokutya ekuHlaleni iNgxaki yokuLawula

• Amachiza asetyenziswa ukujongana nokuphazamiseka kokutya

Kuqhelekile ukuba uqale ngezinga elingaphantsi lokonyango kunye nenkqubela phambili kumazinga aphezulu okunyamekela njengoko kufuneka. Ukongezelela, ukuba ufumana unyango olungakumbi, mhlawumbi uya kuhlahla ukuya kumanqanaba okunyuka okunyukayo njengoko unyango luqhubeka kwaye uphucula. Oku kugqitywe ngamalungu ekomiti yokonyango ngokubambisana nababoneleli nge-inshurensi.

Amanqanaba ahlukeneyo ukususela kuncinci ukuya kuninzi kakhulu aquka:

• Uphulo lwangaphandle olubandakanya umntu, iiseshoni zeeyure enye kunye okanye kabini ngeveki ngamnye kumboneleli ngamnye.
• Unyango olunzulu lwezonyango (IOP) lunokubakho iiseshoni ezimbini ukuya kweesithathu ngeveki, iiyure ezimbalwa rhoqo, ngelixa uhlala ekhaya kwaye mhlawumbi usebenza okanye uye esikolweni.

• Iiprogram zokuhlala esibhedlele (ii-PHP) zihlala zigcinwe iintsuku ezintlanu ngeveki ezintandathu ukuya kwi-11 iiyure ngosuku, zivumela ukuba ulale ekhaya.
• Amaziko okuphulukisa indawo yokuhlala (RTC) anikezela ngononophelo lwamahora angama-24 abo bahlala bezinzileyo kodwa bafuna ukuphathwa.
• Izibhedlele zonyango zibonelela ngononophelo lwamahora angama-24 kulabo abafuna unyango lwezonyango.

Phakathi kwamaninzi amanqanaba amaziko aphezulu anonophelo lokunciphisa uxinzelelo, ukunakekelwa okukhulu kwezokwelapha, ukhuseleko olwandisiweyo, inkxaso yemoya kunye nenkxaso yokudla .

Ngubani ophethwe kwiQela lokuPhatha kweziTywala?

Ngenxa yokuba izidlo zokutya zigulo lwengqondo, ilungu eliphambili leqela loonyango lidla ngokuba yintliziyo yengqondo engaba yintsiphelo yengqondo, isifo sengqondo, isonhlalakahle okanye omnye umcebisi welayisenisi. Eli qela liza kubandakanya ugqirha wezobugqirha, njengogqirha wezonyango lokuqala okanye udokotela wezilwanyana, isidlo sezilwanyana esibhalisiweyo, kunye nesifo sengqondo. Iqela leqela livumela ukuba iinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo zengxaki yokutya zilawulwe.

Ukubambisana phakathi kwamalungu ekomiti kubalulekile.

Ukuba awukho kwiziko lonyango, kufuneka udlale indima ekuhlanganiseni iqela lakho. Yilungileyo elungileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ababoneleli bakho banamava ngokuphazamiseka kokutya. Ngamanye amaxesha ababoneleli baya kuba neengcebiso zamanye amalungu ekomiti abathanda ukusebenzisana nawo, anokukunceda ukwakha iqela lakho.

Iinjongo Zonyango

Iinjongo zonyango, ngokutsho kwe-Academy ye-Disaster's Disaster's Health Care Committee (2016), zibandakanya:

• Ukulungiswa kwempilo
• Ukubuyiswa kwesisindo (apho kufanelekile)
• Uzinzo lwezonyango kunye nokuthintela iingxaki ezinzulu zempilo
• Ukupheliswa kokutya okudliwayo kunye / okanye ukuhlambuluka
• Ukupheliswa kokutya okuphazamisekanga okanye ukuziphatha okuziphetheyo
• Ukuphuculwa komzimba
• Ukubuyiselwa kweepatheni zokutya ezikhuthaza impilo
• Ukubuyiselwa kwakhona kwentsebenzo yentlalo

Unyango lwezoNyango

Enye yemisebenzi yokuqala yokubuyisela ikulungiselela isisindo esilahlekileyo kunye nempilo, kunye nokugcinwa kokutya nokuziphatha. Unyango oluthile lwezondlo luqhutshwa rhoqo ngumncedisi obhalisiweyo .

I-dietitian ihlolisisa imeko yakho yesondlo, iimfuno zezokwelapha, kunye nokukhethwa kokutya. Uyakwanceda ukusebenzisana nokuphuhlisa isicwangciso sokutya esibonelela ngesondlo esifanelekayo, kwakunye nokutya ngokutya kunye nenjongo yokwandisa ukuguquguquka .

Unyango

Unyango lwezonyango kwizigulane ezineengxaki zokutya lugcinwe kakuhle ngugqirha ogqirha kunye noqeqesho oluthile kunyango lweengxaki zokutya, ngoko ke iingxaki zonyango ezinxulumene neziphatho zokutya eziphazamisekileyo zingalawulwa ngempumelelo. I-Academy yokuPhalaliswa kweeNgxaki eziPhambili zokuPhathwa kweNtloko kunye noLawulo loMngcipheko wezeMpilo kwiNkxaso yabantu ngabanye abaneengxaki zokutya zibonelela izikhokelo zonyango.

Unyango lwamayeza lubandakanya:

• Ukubeka iliso kwiimpawu
• Iimvavanyo zeLebhu kunye nokulandelela ubunzima
• Ukuvavanywa okongeziweyo ukuvavanya umsebenzi wentliziyo kunye noxinzelelo lweethambo
• Ulawulo lweempawu zomzimba ezivela kwiinkxwaleko zesisu kuya kwiintliziyo iingxaki

Iingqondo zengqondo zengxaki zokutya

Unyango olulungileyo oluluncedo lokutya ukuphazamiseka luyiyo-cognitive-therapy (CBT).

• Ezi ziNyango eziNyunyanisiweyo zokuThatya i-Binge Eating Disorder

• Iingxaki zokuziphatha ezinokwenziwa kwengxaki yokutya

Kuye kwabonakalisa ukuphumelela kwabadala nge- bulimia nervosa , ukuxhamla ingxaki yokutya , esinye isondlo sokutya kunye nesifo sokutya , kunye ne- anorexia nervosa . Kwakhona ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa abadala abaselula.

Kwiinkqubo zokuziphatha zengqondo, ingqwalasela yokuqala ekujonganeni neempawu kunye nokuguquka kokuziphatha. Izinto ze-CBT unyango ziquka:

• Ukuzibeka iliso njengokugcina idayari yokutya
• Ukucwangciswa kokutya
• Ukuseka ukutya rhoqo
• Ukuphazamisa iimpawu ezinobungozi ezifana nokutya, ukutya ukutya kunye nokuziphatha okuhlawulelwayo
• Ukujongana nokuphononongwa ngokugqithisileyo kwesimo kunye nesisindo
• Imithetho enzima yokutya
• Ukuthetha nomzimba
• Ukubonakaliswa kokutya okunqatshelwe
• Ukuphinda uthintele

Ngoxa i-CBT yonyango olungcono kubantu abadala, indlela yokwelapha ebonisa ubungqina obuninzi bokunyanga kwabaselula kunye ne-anorexia nervosa kunye ne-bulimia nervosa yonyango olusekelwe kwintsapho (FBT). Uphando oluphambili kunye neengxelo zecala zibonisa ukuba i-FBT yindlela eyamkelekileyo yabantu abadala.

Ulwaphulo olusekelwe kwintsapho luyonyango olusesikweni olulawulwa ngeeseshoni ngeveki yesazi-psychotherapist odibana nayo yonke intsapho. Abazali banikwe amandla okudlala indima echaphazelekayo kunyango. Umntwana osemtsha uhlala ekhaya kunye nabazali banikela ngenkxaso yokutya ukuze bancedise ngokuqhelekileyo ukuziphatha kokutya.

Ukongeza kwi-CBT kunye ne-FBT, ezinye iifom ze-psychotherapy eziye zabonakalisa ziphumelele (kodwa zingaphantsi kakuhle) xa unyango lweengxaki zokutya ziquka ezi zilandelayo:

• I -rapy ye-interpersonal (IPT) ye-bulimia nervosa kunye nokutya okuxilisayo
• Ulwaphulo lwe-Dialectical treatment (DBT) lwe-bulimia nervosa kunye nokutya okuxilisayo
• Ukwamkela kunye nokuzibophelela kwonyango (UMTHETHO) we-anorexia nervosa, i-bulimia nervosa, kunye nokutya okuxilisayo
• Ulwaphulo olunxulumene neengxaki (ICAT) lwe-bulimia nervosa
• Ulwaphulo lokulungisa unyango (CRT) lwe-anorexia nervosa
• Ulawulo olukhethekileyo lweklinikhi (SSCM) lwe-anorexia nervosa engapheliyo
• Ingqondo-esekelwe ekufundiseni ukuqeqeshwa kokuqwashisa (MB-EAT) yokutya ukutya
• Ukuzinceda / ukuzikhokela uncedo (olusekelwe kwi-CBT) ye-bulimia nervosa kunye nokutya okuxilisayo

Olu luhlu, ngelixa lugqityiwe, lubonisa ukuba kukho iindlela ezininzi zokusebenza ngengqondo eziye zaqashwa kwaye zaphandwa malunga nokunyangwa kwezidlo zokutya.

Iingqondo zengqondo

Ukuphazamiseka kokutya kungabangela ukuphazamiseka kwempilo yengqondo eyenziwa ngoncedo oluncinci oluncediswa yimithi yengqondo.

• Akukho mayeza aboniswe ukuba aphumelele ngokukodwa kwizilingo zekliniki ngenxa ye-anorexia nervosa.
• Abaxinzelelekileyo, njengama-SSRI kunye ne-anticonvulsant Topiramate, baye babonisa ukubonelela uncedo ekunciphiseni ukuxhaswa kunye nokuhlanjululwa kwezigulane ezine-bulimia nervosa.
• I-Anti-depressants-ngokukhethekileyo i-serotonin e-reuptake inhibitors (i-SSRIs), i-ADHD imithi iVivise, kunye ne-Topirimate-iboniswe ukuba iyincedo ekwenzeni unyango lokutya .

Isifo sengqondo (okanye ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha ogqirha jikelele) senza izigqibo malunga nomyalelo wonyango wezifo zengqondo kwiimeko ngamatyala. Iingxaki zokuxhatshazwayo zinokumiselwa ukuba uxinzelelo okanye iimpawu ezithile ezixhalabileyo zikhoyo kunye nesifo sokutya. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amayeza asetyenziswa ngokubambisana ne-psychotherapy.

Indlela yokufumana unyango

Ukufumana unyango ngokwakho okanye othandekayo unokuziva unzima. Enye indawo enokuyilungisa ukuqala ngumboneleli wakho wonyango, u-internist okanye udokotela wezilwanyana. Baye bazise iingxaki zakho kwaye bacele ukuthunyelwa. Umbutho weSizwe weeNgcwazo zokuDala unesiqinisekiso sokungabonakali, esingasetekisi. Ungabiza kwaye uthethe nomvolontiya oqeqeshwe onokunika inkxaso kunye nokwenza ukuhanjiswa. Inombolo ngu-800-931-2237.

Ukuhlawula unyango

Utyando lwezentlupheko zokutya lunokubiza, kodwa luhlala lubutywa yinshuwalense yonyango. Ukubiza umnini-nkonzo wakho we-inshurensi nokubuza malunga ne-coverage isinyathelo esinconywayo. Khumbula, nangona kunjalo, iinkampani zomshuwalense zikhawuleza ukukhanyela ukukhutshwa kwezidlo zokutya. Ngenxa yoko, unokufuna ukuxhasa lakho okanye umthandayo, ngokukodwa kumazinga aphezulu okunyamekela.

Ukuba awunayo i-inshorensi, ukhetho aluphelelanga. Amaziko amanyango amaninzi kunye nemibutho efana neProjekthi Heal inika uncedo kwabanye. Ngelishwa, amaxesha amaninzi amaziko empilo engqondo yengqondo kunye neenkqubo zomshuwalense wezempilo karhulumente ahluleki ukubonelela unyango kunye nokufumana ingxaki yokutya.

Kuthiwani Ukuba Umthandwa Wanga Unqaba Ukwelashwa?

Akuqhelekanga kwizigulana ezineengxaki zokutya ukuba ungakholelwa ukuba unesifo sokutya kunye nokulahla unyango. Nceda ungavumeli oku kukubambe. Ukuba ungumzali we-adolescence (okanye omdala osemdala oxhomekeke kwimali), kufuneka ufune unyango egameni lawo nangona bengayifuni. Ukuphazamiseka kokutya kunokuba nemiphumo emibi kakhulu kwaye iphathwe kakuhle xa iqwalaselwa kusenokwenzeka ekuhambeni kokugula. Unyango olusekelwe kwintsapho lunikeza iintsapho ithuba lokufuna ukubuyisela egameni lomntwana.

Ukuba umthandayo ungumdala, oku kunokuba nzima kakhulu. Imithetho yobumfihlo kunye namalungelo ezigulane kwenza kube nzima ukunyanzelisa umntu omdala unyango. Nangona kunjalo, nceda ungalilahli umthandayo. Abantu abaninzi abaneengxaki zokutya baye bafumana ngenxa yokuba abanye bafuna ukuzifumana. Unokwazi ukunyathelo lokungenelela okanye, kwiimeko ezinzima, ufumane ukugcinwa kwempahla okanye ukugcinwa.

Kungakhathaliseki, isinyathelo sokuqala sokuqala kukufunda ngakumbi. Zazi kakuhle ngolwazi kula maphepha kwaye uya kuhamba ixesha elide ekuncedeni wakho umthandayo.

Kuthiwani Ngokubuyiselwa?

Ngelishwa, ukubuyela kwakhona akuqhelekanga. Bangakwazi ukuphazamiseka, kodwa asithethi ukuba awuphumelelanga okanye ukuba awuyi kuphinda ufumane ngokupheleleyo. Ziyinxalenye eqhelekileyo yenkqubo yokubuyiselwa kwaye ikuvumela ukuba uhlalutye kakuhle izakhono zakho zokubuyisela.

ILizwi

Ukuqala unyango kunokuba nzima kwaye kuyatshitshisa bonke abachaphazelekayo. Ukubuyiselwa ngokwayo kunokukwazi ukuhlawula kunye nokuhla kwayo, kwaye kunokuba nzima. Kungaba luncedo ukugcina ugxininise ekupheleni komgomo, ongowokuphila ngaphandle kwesidima sakho sokutya.

> Imithombo:

> I-Academy yezidlo zokutya, iMigangatho yemiSebenzi yoLondolozo lweMpilo. (2016). Ukuphazamiseka kokutya: Amaphuzu aphambili ekuqaphelisweni kwangaphambili kunye nokulawulwa kwengozi yonyango ekunyamekelweni kwabantu abaneentsholongwane zokutya [iNcwadana].

> McElroy, SL, Guerdjikova, AI, Mori, N. et al. (2015) I-Psychopharmacologic unyango lweengxaki zokutya: iziphumo eziphuhlisayo. I-Psychiatry yangoku I-Repor ts 17: 35. i-doi: 10.1007 / s11920-015-0573-1

> Spotts-De Lazzer, A., & Muhlheim, L. (2016). Ukuphazamiseka kokutya kunye nobubanzi bezakhono ze-psychotherapists. Ziqhelise ukulungiswa , 1 (2), 89-104. http://doi.org/ 10.1037 / pri0000021