ADHD unyango
Kungaba nzima ukufunda ukuba akukho nonyango ye-ADHD. Oku kuthethi, inokulawulwa ngempumelelo kunye nokuphathwa. Iimpawu ze-ADH zisoloko zinciphisa ukwenzela ukuba uphuculo lunokubonwa kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi, kubandakanya isikolo kunye nokusebenza komsebenzi, ubudlelwane, ukuzithemba nokuzithemba.
Nangona unyango lwe-ADHD luhlala ludibaniswa neziyobisi zonyango, unyango, indawo yokuhlala, izakhono zentlalo, kunye nokuguquka kwendlela yokuphila, zonke zinokunceda iimpawu ze-ADHD.
Kunokuba ukhethe amayeza okanye unyango lokuziphatha, uphando lufumene ukuba indlela efanelekileyo yokuphatha i-ADHD inokudibanisa kokubili.
Amachiza
Imithi yonyango oluqhelekileyo lwe-ADHD. Kwabaninzi abantwana kunye nabantu abadala , inxalenye ebalulekileyo yecwangciso labo lonyango. Amaqela amabini aphezulu amachiza ekunakekeleni i-ADHD ayakhuthaza kwaye ayengakhuthazi.
Zi khuthaza
Ingavakala ingenangqiqo yokumisela umntu onomdla okhuselekileyo.
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I-Clonidine: Ingaba Kukhethwa kweMithi ye-ADHD?
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Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani kwiMida ye-ADHD ukuya kuSebenza ngoMeyi kuxhomekeke kuMntu
Nangona kunjalo, ukuvuselela ukunciphisa ukuxhatshazwa nokunyanzelisa, nokunyusa ingqalelo.
Ukukhuthaza okuqhelekileyo kubandakanya:
- Adderall (amphetamine kunye ne dextroamphetamine)
- I-Concerta (i-methylphenidate)
- I-Dexedrine (dextroamphetamine)
- Focalin (dexmethylphenidate)
- I-metadate (methylphenidate hydrochloride)
- Ritalin (methylphenidate)
Kubalulekile ukuba usebenze ngokusondeleyo kunye nogqirha wakho oyalela ukuba afumane unyango olufanelekileyo kunye nokulingana. Bika impumelelo yamachiza kunye nayiphina imiphumo oyingozi. Ukuba umntanakho nguye ongu-ADHD, mgcine kwaye ubuze imibuzo ethile malunga nendlela aziva ngayo. Ngolu lwazi, ugqirha wakho unokulungisa utshintsho kuze kube yilapho i-dose yokwelapha efanelekileyo ifunyenwe.
Abangabakhuthaziyo
Ngelixa iimvuselelo ziqhelekileyo zonyango lokuqala oluchanekileyo lokuphatha i-ADHD, ngamanye amaxesha ungeyinto ekhuthazayo ingasetyenziselwa endaweni yoko. Oku kunokhethwa ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ube nemiphumo emibi yonyango, okanye kukho imbali yokulutha. Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha wakho unokumisela zombini uvuseleleke kwaye awukhuthazi.
Imizekelo yeemithi ezingakhuseliyo:
- Strattera (i-atomoxetine)
- I-Wellbutrin XL (i-bupropion hydrochloride)
Abanye oogqirha benzululwazi banolwazi malunga ne-ADHD kwaye banokumisela amayeza e-ADHD. Abanye bazive bekhululekile ekubhekiselele kwiingcali kwi-intanethi yabo, umzekelo umntwana okanye umdala wengqondo onguchwepheshe onguchwepheshe kwi-ADHD.
Funda kabanzi malunga nemiphumo emibi yonyango lwe-ADHD .
Amacandelo okuziphatha
I-ADH ayibangelwa yimiba yendalo, kodwa ithonyelwe yiyo. Isilungiselelo esingabonakaliyo nesingqiniswanga sinokugqithisa iimpawu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uncedo oluhlelekile nolungenakulinganiswa, lunokunceda kakhulu.
Nazi ezinye izibonelo.
Basebenza kubantwana kunye nabantu abadala abane-ADHD.
Iindlela eziqhelekileyo : Ukuba neendlela ezilula, eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo kulo lonke usuku zithetha imisebenzi efunekayo yenziwe ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwemizuzu yokugqibela.
Indlela yokusa isenokuvuka ngo-7 ekuseni, ukugqoka, ukutya isidlo sakusasa, ukuthatha amayeza kunye nokushiya umsebenzi okanye isikolo.
Isiqhelo sangokuhlwa sinokuquka ukutya isidlo sakusihlwa, ukupakisha isikhwama ngosuku olulandelayo, nokubukela umboniso weTV owuthandayo ngaphambi kokulala.
Iincwadi zokuhlola : Uluhlu lokutshekisha lunokwenzelwa nayiphi na inkqubo enyathelo elincinane elibonakala lilukhuni okanye lucinezela. Isebenza njengememori yokunceda kwaye inokunceda wena okanye umntwana wakho uzive ehleliwe. Ngokomzekelo, unokuthi uthayiphe uluhlu lokutshekisha kumnyango wangaphambili uluhlu zonke izinto ofunayo ngumntwana wakho ngosuku.
Ixesha: Ukukunceda wena okanye umntwana wakho ukuba anikezele ingqalelo umsebenzi wesikolo okanye umsebenzi weprojekthi, setha ixesha lokugqibela lemizuzu engama-15 (ebonisa ixesha lokuzinikela). Xa ithetha, yenza isithuba se-mini uze ubeke ixesha lakho kwakhona.
Iifowuni: Unako ukubeka i-alamu ukukhumbuza okanye umntwana wakho ukuba avuke, aye kulala, okanye ahambe endlwini.
Iifowuni zixhobisa ngokukodwa ukuba umntwana wakho asebenzise. Unokuziva uzimeleyo ngaphezu kokungaxhomeki kwizikhumbuzo ezivela kubantu abadala.
Amashadi: Ukuba kukho ukuziphatha okanye umkhwa ofuna ukuyifaka kumhla wakho, yenza ishati kunye neentsuku zeveki. Njalo xa wenza umendo, umzekelo uhlambulule amazinyo akho, ufumana inkwenkwezi. Bobabini abantwana kunye nabantu abadala bafumana oku kuvuza, kwaye yenza njengesikhumbuzo kunye nomgqugquzeli ukwenza lo msebenzi.
Abacwangcisi bemini: Ukusebenzisa isicwangciso (nokuba yeyiphi iminyaka yobudala bakho) kunokunceda ukuqonda ukuhamba kwexesha kunye nokucwangciswa kwimihla, kunye neempawu zokugqibela, njengokuba xa izabelo kufuneka zihanjiswe.
Uqeqesho lwabazali
Uqeqesho lwabazali lufundisa abazali babantwana abane-ADHD izakhono zokulawula indlela abaziphatha ngayo abantwana ekhaya. Abanye abazali banomuzwa wokuthi "bahlulekile" njengomzali ukuba bafuna ukuqeqeshwa, kodwa oku akunjalo.
Ingaba nzima kakhulu umzali onomntwana one-ADHD. Uqeqesho lunika inkxaso ngenkxaso yabazali. Ikwafundisa kwakhona iindlela ezithile zokulawula ukuziphatha komntwana.
Zininzi iinzuzo. Abantwana bazive bevuya ngakumbi njengoko bekunandipha kwaye bephumelela ngesakhiwo, ngoxa abazali kunye nabanye abantakwabo banandipha ubomi bentombi.
Enye into yoqeqesho ingaba yimithetho ecacileyo kunye nemiphumo eqhubekayo. Umzekelo, ukuba umntwana uyakrala umsila wekiti, akakwazi ukudlala kunye nesilwanyana ixesha elide. Le miphumo iya kuhlala ifana njalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ukhathele kangakanani umama okanye uTata, okanye zingaphi iinyembezi ezikhutshulwa ngumntwana. Omnye umzekelo unokuba ukulandelela ukuziphatha okuthile kwidatha yodonga kwaye unikele ngembuyekezo ecacileyo.
Uqeqesho luya kwenzeka ngamaqela kunye nabanye abazali, okanye ngasese kunye nengqondo yengqondo.
Uqeqesho lwezentlalo
Izakhono zentlalo zihlala zibangele iingxaki kubantu abahlala ne-ADHD, njengoko iimpawu ze-ADHD zingabangela ukuziphatha okubukeka kakubi. Imizekelo ayiboni iziqendu ezingabonakaliyo, ukuphazamisa isithethi ngokukhawuleza, okanye ukujonga ngaphandle kwefestile xa umntu uthetha. Omnye umzekelo uwela imingcele yemimiselo ngokuma eduze kakhulu nabantu. Akukho nanye yalezi ziphatha ezenziwe ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye iintsapho kunye nabahlobo abasondeleyo bakuqonda oku. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba nzima ukwenza abahlobo, benze kakuhle emsebenzini okanye umhla ngaphandle kokuphuhlisa izakhono zentlalo entsha.
Uqeqesho lwezakhono zentlalo lunokuthatha iindidi ezininzi. Kungaba njengenxalenye yonyango yokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT) , mhlawumbi kwiqela okanye ngomntu ngamnye, okanye mhlawumbi kube ngumqeqeshi we-ADHD unceda.
Izakhono zentlalo zingafundwa kwaye umgangatho wobomi uphucula ngenxa yoko.
Ukucebisa kunye neengqondo
Ukusebenza nomcebisi okanye uphando kungaba yindlela efanelekileyo yokujongana nemiba ekubangelwa ukuhlala ne-ADHD, kubandakanya ukulahleka kwemisebenzi kunye nemicimbi yolwalamano. Kwakhona kunokuba luncedo kubantu abahlala kunye neemeko ezifana nokudakumba nokuxhalaba.
Uphando lufumene unyango lwendlela yokuziphatha olusebenzayo kubantu abaphila ne-ADHD. Inceda ukuphuhlisa iindlela ezintsha zokuziphatha kwihlabathi. Kubaluleke kakhulu, kunceda kunye neentloni kunye nokuzithoba okuchaphazela abantu abaninzi abane-ADHD.
Enye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu ekuqaliseni ukusebenza kweengcebiso, unyango, okanye uqeqesho (jonga ngezantsi) lulamano lwakho kunye nogqirha. Ukuba ubuqu bakho okanye izitayela azifani, ungayeki unyango. Kunoko, fumana enye ingcali ekusebenzisaneni nayo.
Coaching
Nangona isakhiwo kunye nentlangano zinceda kakhulu kwiimpawu ze-ADHD, zinokuba nzima ukuzimisela xa unayo i-ADHD. Abaqeqeshi be-ADH bangaba nokuphendula njengoko udala lesi sakhiwo. Basenokukunceda okanye ubeke iinjongo zomntwana wakho, uhlakulele imikhwa emitsha, ufunde izakhono ezintsha, kwaye usebenze ukuze udibanise ebomini bakho.
Umqeqeshi unokuthi asebenze 'njengomzimba kabini.' Umzimba kabini ngumntu ogcina i nkampani ngelixa wenza umsebenzi onzima. Abantu abaninzi abane-ADHD babalabalaza ngemisebenzi ebangelisayo, emanzini, okanye kwiminyathelo eninzi njengemisebenzi yasendlini, ukuchithwa kwempahla kunye nokufakela irhafu. Basenokuthi baqede ukuqala okanye bafumane uhlangothi-kwaye bayeke ihafu yeprojekthi igqityiwe. Umzimba wesibini uhleli kwelinye igumbi kunye nawe ngelixa uqhuba le mi sebenzi. Ubukho babo boqobo buyakunceda uhlale ugxininise kulo msebenzi kwaye unciphise naziphi na uxhalaba onokuvakalelwa.
Amaqela enkxaso
Amaqela enkxaso anikezela ngemfundo, inkxaso yemoya, nokukhuthazwa kubazali bezingane abane-ADHD kunye nabantu abane-ADHD. Ukuba nabantu abakuqonda ukulwa kwakho, ngaphandle kokuba ufune ukuchazela, unokunyamezela kakhulu kunye nomvakalelo wokuba ungumntu.
Amacandelo enkxaso ayenendawo enkulu yokufunda malunga nezibonelelo kwindawo yakho, njengomgqirha okhuselekileyo we-ADHD. Ngamanye amaxesha amaqela enkxaso aphethe izithethi zezivakalisi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha unokwazi ukwabelana ngamava akho.
Indawo yokuhlala
Xa umntu sele efunyaniswa ngokusemthethweni ukuba ene-ADHD, ufanelekile ukuhlala. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana unokufumana indawo yokuhlala esikolweni, kwaye umntu omdala angabafumana kwindawo yokusebenzela.
Abanye abantu baziva behlazo becela indawo yokuhlala ngoba abafuni ukuzongamela, okanye bazive ngathi baxabana. Nangona kunjalo, indawo yokuhlala iyakunceda. Bakha indawo efanelekileyo kakhulu ukuze ufumane amabakala okwaziyo ukwenza umsebenzi wakho omhle.
Imizekelo yokuhlala kwabafundi iquka ukufumana amanqaku okubhala ngoncedo eklasini, kwiintetho zokurekhoda, kwaye ukwazi ukufumana uvavanyo kwindawo egxile. Thetha notitshala esikolweni okanye kwisiko lokukhubazeka kwabafundi ngolwazi olungakumbi malunga nokwenza amalungiselelo.
Imizekelo yokuhlala kwindawo yokusebenzela iquka ukufaka ingxolo yokukhansela ii-headphone okanye iiyure eziguquguqukayo zokusebenza. Enye ukubeka 'uphawu lokuphazanyisa', nokuba ngaba akuyiyo ipolisi yeofisi. Thetha kumphathi wakho okanye izibonelelo zabantu malunga nokuhlala kwindawo yokuhlala emsebenzini onokukunceda.
Indlela yokuphila
Ukutshintsha kwezinto zokuphila kunokunceda iimpawu ze-ADHD. Ezi ziquka ukuzivocavoca rhoqo, ukutya ukutya okunempilo, ukulala ngokwaneleyo, kunye neendlela zokunciphisa uxinzelelo. Indlela efanelekileyo yokubandakanya ukuguquka kwendlela yokuphila ebomini bakho kukukwenza kube mnandi njengoko kunokwenzeka, njengoko iinjongo ziyinxalenye enkulu ye-ADHD. Ngokomzekelo, khetha usebenziso olumnandi kuwe kwaye aluveki njengenye 'yokwenza' kwoluhlu lwakho.
LeMfundo
Ukufunda ngokungangoko unokukwazi malunga ne-ADHD kunye nendlela ekuchaphazela ngayo okanye umntwana wakho mhlawumbi uyona nxalenye ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokwenza unyango.
Ubunzima bokusingatha ingqalelo, nokulawula iimpembelelo kunye nokungathandabuzeki ziimpawu eziphambili ze-ADHD, kodwa zidlala njani kumntwana okanye ubomi bakho? Ngokomzekelo, ngaba umntwana wakho ulahlekile kwaye ulahlekelwa imilayezo, okanye umntwana wakho unomdla kwaye mhlawumbi uphumelele kwisitalato ngaphandle kokujonga? Xa ukhankanyile malunga neengxaki ezinkulu ze-ADHD, kunokukunceda ukuba ulandele iindlela zokunyanga.
Ngenhlanhla, kukho ulwazi oluninzi malunga ne-ADHD ekhoyo kunanini ngaphambili. Unokufunda kwiwebhusayithi, iincwadi kunye neepodcasts. Cinga ngokuya kwiiklasi eziqhutyelwe kuyo, okanye kwiinkomfa zelizwe ezifana nenkomfa yonyaka ye-CHADD. Kwaye khumbula ukuba uhlale uxoxisana ngokugqithisileyo noogqirha.
Imithombo:
Antshel, KM, Hargrave TM, Simonescu M, Kaul P, Hendricks K, Faraone SV. Ngo-2011. Uphuhliso lokuqonda nokuThatha i-ADHD. I-BMC Medicine 9 (1): 72.
Jensen, P. 2009. I-Methylphenidate kunye neZonyango zengqondo zodwa okanye eziManyeneyo ziNciphisa iziganeko ze-ADHD. Impilo-yengqondo eSebenzi 12 (1): 18.
Solanto, MV, DJ Marks, J. Wasserstein, K. UMitchell, H Abikoff, uJM Alvir, kunye no-MD Kofman. Uluhlu lwe-Meta-Cognitive Therapy kwi-ADHD yabantu abadala. I-American Journal ye-Psychiatry 167 (8): 958-968.