Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-ADHD

IZIMBONO

Iimpawu eziphambili zengqalelo-ukungena-nkunkuma / ukungathandabuzeki kweengxaki, okanye i-ADHD, kunzima ukulawula ingqwalasela nokulawula iimpembelelo kunye nokunyanzelisa. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zibonakaliso zembonakalo ziyakwazi ukuzibonakalisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

> Ukuqonda ikhonkco phakathi kweempawu ze-ADHD kunye nomsebenzi we-neurotransmitter engqondweni.

Iimpawu ze-ADD zikwazi :

• Vary ukusuka kumntu ukuya kumntu
• Sitshintsha ngobudala kunye nokuphila komntu omnye

• Sitshintsha kuxhomekeke kwimeko okanye kwindawo engumntu
• Ukuhluka kuye kuxhomekeke kwisini somntu
• Hlanganisa ngokukhawuleza, ukususela kumncinci ukuya kunzima
• Ukwandisa ubunzima ngexesha loxinzelelo

Uhlobo (okanye intetho) ye-ADHD ukuba umntu ufumaneka ukuba unalo kuxhomekeke ekuhlanganisweni kweempawu umntu analo.

Kukho iintetho ezintathu ze-ADHD :

• Inkcazo-ukusilela / ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki, ukuhanjiswa okuhlangeneyo

• Ngaba i-Oil Oil Can Really Help Symptoms?

• Ziziphi iintlobo zeemeko ezinokuthi zivelise i-ADHD-njengezibonakaliso?

• Ukukhathazeka-ukungaphumeleli / ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki, ukungenakulinganisela
• Ukukhathazeka-ukungaphumeleli / ukungabikho kokuxhalabisa, okuyiyona nto ingabonakaliyo

Iimpawu ze-ADHD ezisemthethweni

I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disorders Disorders (DSM) isisombululo esisemthethweni seengxaki zempilo yengqondo esetyenziswe eUnited States. Ichonga iimpawu ezi-9 ze-ADHD ezingenakulinganiswa kunye neempawu ezithoba ze-ADHD engasebenzi.

Iimpawu ze-ADHD

Nantsi inguqu eguqulelwe yoluhlu lwezithuthi ze-DSM kubantu abangenalo i-ADHD:

• Yenza iimpazamo ezibonakala zingakhathali xa wenza umsebenzi wesikolo okanye iiprojekthi kwindawo yokusebenzela; Ukuqwalasela okufutshane iinkcukacha kunzima.

• Unengxaki yokugcina ingqwalasela kwimisebenzi, nokuba yinto emnandi.
• Ingabonakali ukuphulaphula xa umntu uthetha nabo, nokuba ungumfundisi, umhlobo, umzali okanye umphathi. Kukhangeleka ngaphandle kwewindow okanye ukujonga kwiwashi.
• Ukulandela imiyalelo kunzima. Ukugqiba umsebenzi ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni kunzima; Isizathu sinokulahleka; ukufumana uhlangothi olulandelelanayo lunokwenzeka.
• Ukuhlela imisebenzi nemisebenzi inzima. Ukusebenza kwinkqubo enyathelo elinqabileyo kunokuziva kunzima.
• Khusela, ugweme uphinde ulungele ukuqala imisebenzi efuna amandla engqondo.
• Izinto ezilahlekayo rhoqo. Iilazi, iifowuni kunye neesebrala kufuneka zitshintshwe rhoqo.

Iimpawu ezingenangqondo / eziphambili ze-ADHD

Nantsi inguqu eguqulelwe yoluhlu lwesifo se-DSM kubantu abanesifo esingathandabuzekiyo / esichukumisayo:

• Ukuhlala kuhlala kunzima kakhulu. Uya kuhlala ehlamba kwaye ahambe ezinyaweni nezandla.
• Ukuhlala kwindawo ehleliyo kunzima. Uya kuhlala ephakame kwaye ahambe, nangona ukuhlala phantsi kukuvunyelwe uluntu.

• Uya kugijima okanye ukunyuka ngamaxesha angafanelekanga. Iintsholongwane kunye nabantu abadala banokuthi bahlale besemzimbeni kodwa baya kuba nokuphumla kwangaphakathi okuvakalelwa ngamanye amaxesha.
• Ngokuqhelekileyo uthatha inxaxheba ekuphumuleni okanye kwimidlalo yokudlala ngokuthula.
• Kuya kufuthi ichazwe njengento eqhubekayo 'ekuhambeni' okanye 'eqhutywe ngumqhubi.' Oku kunokukhathazeka kubazali babantwana abancinci. Xa bekhulile, abanye banokuba nomona okanye bayamhlonela la magunya.
• Uthetha rhoqo, okungabangela iingxaki esikolweni, emsebenzini, nakwiindawo zentlalo / ukusebenzisana.
• Unokubonakala uzingcawa ngenxa yokuba kunzima ukujika.
• Uya kuphazamisa abanye abantu abathethayo okanye benza umsebenzi.

Iimpawu ze-ADHD ezingabonakaliyo

Ukongeza kwiimpawu ezisemthethweni, zikhona iimpawu ezingaphezulu ze-ADHD yokuba abantwana abaninzi nabantu abadala bayava. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi zibizwa ngokuba zizibonakaliso zesibini okanye iimpawu ezinqabileyo

Nangona bengenakucelwa ngethuba ngexesha lokuxilongwa, bahlala bechaphazela umgangatho wobomi babantu. Xa abantu abahlala ne-ADHD baqonda ukuba ezi ziphathamandla zidibaniswe ne-ADHD, zinokukwazi ukukhulula okanye zenze 'ixesha'.

Kunceda ukucacisa ukuba kutheni kunjalo, kwaye kutheni baziva behluke kwabanye abantu.

• Imisebenzi, umsebenzi wesikolo, iprojekti emsebenzini, okanye umsebenzi wekhaya ubonakala uthatha ixesha elide kunabanye abantu.
• Bahlala besolwa ngokungazami, okanye bengabonakali ukuba banakekele.
• Kubonakala ngathi baxhomekeke kwiindawo zobomi apho banakho ubuninzi kunye neetalente, njengabafundi, kwizakhono zabo, kwiimidlalo, okanye ekulawuleni iimali.
• Baya kuba libala kakhulu izinto ezivela kwizikolo zabantu zokuzalwa ezibalulekileyo, ukuthatha udoti, okanye ukuhambisa umsebenzi wesikolo (nangona xa kugqityiwe).
• Basenokungagxininisa kwimisebenzi ebachaphazelayo, ukuphazamiseka kwemisebenzi ebalulekileyo efana nokulala kunye nentlalo yoluntu.
• Banoxinzelelo oluphantsi lokunyamezela.
• Balahlekelwa iincwadana ezibalulekileyo zeenkcukacha kuba 'bahamba ngaphandle' ngomzuzu okanye ezimbini.
• Basenokuba neengxaki zokufunda incwadi ukusuka kwiphepha ukuya kwinqaku, nangona kwakubonakala kunomdla okokuqala.
• Basenokufumana iikitikiti ezininzi zendlela yokupaka ngokungalunganga kunye nokukhawuleza.

• Kutheni i-My ADDD Child ibonakala icinga ngokucotha?

• Ziziphi iimpawu ze-ADHD kwiNtombi?

• Bathanda ama-coasters ezemidlalo kunye ne-roller ezidlulileyo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ziphi ubudala. Basenokuhlala benzakele kwaye bahlala bephula amathambo.
• Bajamelana neengxaki zezemali, nangona bafumana umvuzo ophezulu ongentla. Ukusetyenziswa kwempembelelo kwaye ukulibala ukuhlawula iindleko kunokubangela iingxaki. Imirhumo ayifumanekanga ngokukhawuleza ngexesha.
• Bathanda i-caffeine. Kungenzeka kube lihlazo phakathi kwabahlobo ukuba kukho iikhofi okanye iziphuzo zamandla abazidlayo.
• Ukungabi nokhuthazo kunokubangela iingxaki esikolweni, emsebenzini, ekhaya kunye nobudlelwane.
• Balwa nolawulo lwexesha kwaye bafike ngexesha lokuqeshwa.
• Banobunzima bokulala. Ukulala, ukulala, nokuvuka ngexesha alenzeki lula.
• Abazithembi ngokwabo ukwenza oko bathethayo.
• Bakhathazeke ngezinto ezininzi, kuquka izinto abanokulibala ukuzenza.
• Bahlala benokuzithemba okuphantsi emva kweminyaka engayihlangabezi yabo kunye nezinye izinto abazilindeleyo.

Iimpawu ze-ADHD kubantu abadala

Iimpawu ze-ADD ziguquka ngokudala. Ukunyaniseka kungabonakali kangako kumbonisi. Umntu omdala unako ukuhlala ngokuthe ngqo, nangona uvakalelwa ukungenakudliwa kwangaphakathi.

Izimpawu zokunakwa kwe-ADHD zihlala zihlala zihambelana. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abadala banakho ukulawula ngaphezulu kwendalo yabo kunabantwana. Abantu abadala bangayilala ubomi obusebenza kunye neempawu zabo ze-ADHD. Ngokomzekelo, abantu abaninzi abane-ADHD abangasebenzi kakuhle bayazikhethela ukuba bakhethe umsebenzi ongenakuquka ukuhlala edeskini ixesha elide. Basenokusebenza esibhedlele emsebenzini oquka ukuhamba ezininzi, okanye ube ngumntu othengisayo osebenzisa imoto yakhe njengeofisi yokuhamba. Le nkululeko ayifumanekanga kumntwana esikolweni, kwaye ngoko iimpawu ze-ADHD zobuntwaneni zivame ukubonakala zibi kunempawu zamadoda abadala.

Kubantwana, iimpawu ze-ADD zibangelwa iingxaki esikolweni, njengamaqondo aphantsi okanye ukungena enkingeni yokuziphatha okuphazamisayo. Kubantu abadala, iimpawu ze-ADHD zingabangela iingxaki ezahlukahlukeneyo ezifana nokulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi, ukuphazamiseka, iingxaki zomtshato, kunye nezilingo. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqaphela iimpawu ze-ADHD kwaye ufune uncedo.

Iimpawu zoMantombazana

Amantombazana akwazi ukuba ne-ADHD engayithobeliyo, edla ngokungaqondakaliyo kwaye engafumaneki. Inkwenkwana engachukumanga ilula ngakumbi ukuyijonga ngaphezu kwentombazana ephilileyo, ephupha ngosuku.

Ukuba intombazana inobungozi-inomdla, inokuthi ithathwa njenge 'tomboy' kuba iyasebenza kakhulu kunamanye amantombazana. Kwakhona unokuthetha kakhulu kwaye aphazamise abanye abathethayo. Ngenxa yoko, kunokuba nzima kuye ukwenza abahlobo namanye amantombazana.

Ngokungafani nendlela iimpawu ze-ADHD zibonwa kumakhwenkwe, iimpawu ze-ADHD kumantombazana zidla ngokubhekiselele kumlingana wentombazana. Ngokomzekelo, intombazana inokucingwa ngathi 'intombikazi', 'tomboy,' okanye 'ibhokisi lokuxoxa.'

Enye yeenzuzo zamantombazana afunyaniswa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ene-ADHD kukuba ukuxilongwa kuphakamisa ihlazo kunye netyala abanokuba nalo malunga neempawu zabo. Kwakhona ukhulula kwiibhile ezinikezelweyo.

Amantombazana anama-ADHD anakho amathuba okuba nesifo sokutya kunamantombazana angenayo i-ADHD.

IZIMBONO ZOKUBHALISA ABASEBENZI

I- hormone ishintsha abafazi bafumana ubomi babo-ukukhulelwa, ukukhulelwa, ukuyeka umyeni, kunye nokunyuka kwe-hormone yenyanga-kunokunyusa ubunzima beempawu zabo ze-ADHD. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, abafazi abahlala ne-ADHD babesoloko bexutywa kakubi kunye nokuxhalaba okanye ukuxinezeleka. Ngenxa yokunyusa ulwazi kunye nophando malunga neempawu ze-ADHD, abaninzi abafazi bafumaneka ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukunyanga iziganeko ze-ADHD

Emva kokufunda malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeempawu ze-ADHD ezikhankanywe ngasentla, usenokude udimazeke. Yazi ukuba iimpawu ze-ADHD zingaphathwa kwaye zilawulwe ngempumelelo. Isinyathelo sokuqala kukufumana uvavanyo olusesikweni. Uya kufunda ukuba yiyiphi intetho ye-ADHD onayo (ukungaboni kakuhle, ukungaxilisi, okanye ukudibanisa) nokuba unayo nayiphi na imeko ehleliyo efuna ukunyanga. Ukususela apho unokusebenza kunye nodokotela kunye nabanye abaqeqeshi bezempilo ukuze bafumane inxaxheba efanelekileyo yezokwelapha ukunceda iimpawu zakho ze-ADHD. Kuyafana nawe ukuba ungumzali ochaphazelekayo; ukuxilongwa kunokukunceda ngolwazi olufunekayo ukuthatha inyathelo kwaye uncede umntwana wakho.

Iimpawu ezifanelekileyo ze-ADHD

Igama elithi uphawu lisoloko lithetha ukuba into engathandekiyo iyaqhubeka. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abane-ADHD banemiba emihle. Ezi zilandelayo zi-10 eziqhelekileyo:

• Banobuninzi bamandla, ezinokuthi zingeniswe kwiiprojekthi zomsebenzi, ezemidlalo, ezithandwayo kunye neziganeko zothando.
• Bakha kakhulu. Abaninzi abaphumeleleyo nabashishini abadumileyo bane-ADHD.
• Ziyizona zixazululo zeengxaki, ngenxa yokucinga kwangaphandle kwebhokisi.
• Benza izenzo ezinobungakanani banobubele ngenxa yokuba banobubele, banentliziyo enkulu, kwaye abanqatshelwe yintoni eyamkelekileyo kuluntu.
• 'Bahamba baya kumbetha yidrama yabo' kwaye badla ngokubizwa ngokuba yimimoya ekhululekile.
• Banobuchule obuhle kakhulu bokuhleka kunye nokuzonwabisa, okubangela ukuba abantu baxhomekeke kubo.
• Bafuna ukwazi ngehlabathi kwaye ngabafundi basemhlabeni wonke.
• Babonakala bebancinci kunexesha labo lezinto eziphilayo, ngenxa yamandla abo, inzondelelo ebomini, kunye nesifiso malunga nehlabathi elibangqongileyo.
• Banobuchule, baqonde indlela abanye abantu abavakalelwa ngayo, kwaye bangaphendula ngokufanelekileyo.
• Baxolela, bethemba kwaye banothando, okuthi, kunye nomntu ofanelekileyo, unokuthetha ubuhlobo obude kunye nolonwabo.

Njengoko ufumana ubungqina okanye ukuqinisekiswa kokuxilongwa kwe-ADHD, kunokunceda kakhulu ukugcina oku engqondweni.

_Imithombo:

_{Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika. (2013). I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities (5th ed.). Washington, DC:}

_{Diederman, J., SWBall, M. Monuteaux, CB Surman, JL Johnson, kunye noSeitlin. 2007. Ngaba aMaNtombazana ane-ADHD engozini yokuxhatshazwa kokutya? Iziphumo ezivela kuminyaka emihlanu elawulwayo ekufundeni. Umbhalo woPhuhliso lwezoPhulo kunye neZenzo zokuPhepha. 28 (4): 302-307}