I-Freudian Theory

by Kendra Cherry

Ingqwalaselo yeengcamango zikaSigmund Freud

Ukuba ungoyena mfundi ongenasiphelo sengqondo, mhlawumbi uchithe ixesha elifanelekileyo lokufunda ngeengcamango zikaSigmund Freud. Nangona abantu abangaqhelekanga ngeengqondo njengesihloko ubuncinane besazi ezinye ze- psychoanalysis , isikolo sengcamango esakhiwe nguSigmund Freud. Ngelixa unokuba nolwazi oludlulileyo lweengcinga eziphambili kwi-psychoanalysis njengengenalo, ukulungiswa, iindlela zokuzivikela kunye nokuphupha, usenokuzibuza ngokucacileyo ukuba ezi ngcamango zihlangene kunye kunye nefuthe abanalo ngokwenene kwii-psychologists zangoku.

Kule ngcaciso emfutshane ye-Freudian theory, funda ngakumbi malunga neengcamango eziphambili ezicetywayo nguSigmund Freud.

U-Anna O kunye noPhuhliso lweNtsholongwane yokuThetha

Enye yegalelo elikhulu likaFrud kwi-psychology yayithetha unyango , ingcamango yokuba uthetha nje ngeengxaki zethu kunokubanceda ukuba banciphise. Kwakungenxa yokubambisana nomhlobo wakhe osondeleyo kunye noJoseph Breuer ukuba uFrud waqaphela into ebhinqa eyaziwayo kwimbali njengo- Anna O. Igama lokoqobo lomfazi lalinguBertha Pappenheim waza waba isigulane sikaBrau emva kokuxhatshazwa kwezinto ezazibizwa ngokuba yi- hysteria , iimpawu ezibandakanya izinto ezinjengeembonakalo ezingabonakaliyo, ukucocwa, kunye nokukhubazeka okuyingxenye. Kwakukho unyango uBrauer wabona ukuba ukuthetha ngamava akhe kubonakala kunika umlinganiselo othile wokukhulula kwiimpawu zakhe. KwakunguPappenheim ngokwakhe owaqala ukubhekisela kwonyango "njengongonyango othethayo."

Nangona u-Anna O edlalwa ngokuba ngumnye wezigulane zikaFreud, abo babini abazange bahlangane. UFrud wayevame ukuxoxisana naye ngoBreuer, nangona kunjalo, kwaye bobabini babambisana kwincwadi ye-1895 esekelwe kunyango lwakhe olubizwa ngokuba yi- Studies in Hysteria . UFrud waphetha ngelithi ukunyaniseka kwakhe kwakubangelwa ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwezesondo , ukujonga oko kwaphela ekukhokelela ekuhlaseleni ubudlelwane bobuqu kunye noBuuder noBuuer.

U-Anna O kungenzeka ukuba wayengenaso isigulane sikaFreud, kodwa ityala lakhe lazisa kakhulu umsebenzi kaFreud kunye neengcamango zonyango malunga neyeza kunye ne-psychoanalysis.

Amapolisa Aqhuba Ubuntu

Ngokutsho kwe-Freud psychoanalytic theory, onke amandla angqondo aveliswa yi- libido . UFrud wacebisa ukuba iingxelo zethu zengqondo zithonywe yimikhosi emibini ekhuphisanayo: i- cathexis kunye ne-anticathexis . I-Cathexis ichazwa njengotyalo-mali lwengqondo kumntu, ingcamango okanye into. Ukuba ulambile, umzekelo, unokwenza umfanekiso wesimo sesidlo esimnandi onqwenelayo. Kwezinye iimeko, i- ego inokubambisa enye yamandla e-id ukuze ifune imisebenzi ehambelana nomsebenzi ukuze ihlakaze enye yamandla angaphezu kwe-id. Ukuba awukwazi ukufuna ukutya ukuze ukondle ukulamba kwakho, usenokuthi ubeke ityhubhu kwi-cookbook okanye upheqa kwiblogi yakho yokuthanda i-recipe.

I-Anticathexis ibandakanya i-ego ekhusela iimfuno ezinganamkeleki zentlalo ze-id. Ukugxininisa izibongozo kunye neminqweno yindlela enye eqhelekileyo ye-anticathexis, kodwa ibandakanya utyalo-mali obalulekileyo. Khumbula, ngokwemfundiso kaFrud, kukho amandla amaninzi kakhulu okufumaneka . Xa ezininzi zamandla zizinikele ekunciphiseni izibongozo nge-anticathexis, kukho amandla angaphantsi kwezinye iinkqubo.

UFrud wayekholelwa ukuba ezininzi iindlela zokuziphatha kwabantu zakhuthazwa ziimpawu ezimbini zokuqhuba izinto: izilwanyana zobomi kunye nezifo zokufa . Ubomi bendalo zizinto ezihambelana nesisiseko esisisiseko sokusinda, ukuzaliswa, nokuzonwabisa. Ziquka izinto ezifana nesidingo sokutya, indawo yokuhlala, uthando, kunye nesondo. Kwakhona waphakamisa ukuba bonke abantu banesifiso esingenasifiso sokufa, awayebhekisele kuwo njengendlela yokufa. Ukuziphatha okuzilimazayo, wayekholelwa, yinto enye yokubonisa ukufa. Nangona kunjalo, wayekholelwa ukuba ezi zintlupheko zokufa zazixhomekeke kwizinto eziphilayo.

I-Psyche: Isakhiwo esisisiseko soBuntu

Kwiingcamango ze Freudian, ingqondo yomntu ihlelwe kwiingxenye ezibini eziyinhloko: ingqondo eyaziwayo neyiyo .

Ingqondo eyaziwayo iquka zonke izinto esiziqondayo okanye ezinokuzizisa ngokulula. Ngengolunye uhlangothi, iinjongo ezingenalwazi, zibandakanya zonke izinto ezingaphandle kolwazi lwethu-zonke iimfuno, iiminqweno, ithemba, ukunxusa, kunye neenkumbulo ezingekho ngaphandle kokwazisa kodwa ziqhubeka zichaphazela ukuziphatha. UFrud wayefanisa ingqondo kunye ne-iceberg. Ingongoma ye-iceberg ebonakalayo ngaphezu kwamanzi ibonisa isahlulo esincinci sengqondo, ngelixa umkhamo omkhulu weqhwa elifihliweyo phantsi kwamanzi limela uninzi olungenalwazi.

Ukongezelela kwezi zimbini ziyinxalenye yengqondo, i-Freudian theory ikwahlula ubuntu buntu zibe ziimpawu ezintathu eziphambili: id, ego, kunye ne-superego . I-id yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kakhulu yobuntu obuyimvelaphi yazo zonke izibongozo ezisisiseko. Le nxalenye yobuntu ayikwazi ngokupheleleyo kwaye isebenza njengomthombo wazo wonke amandla e-libidinal. I-ego yinkalo yobuntu ehlawulwa ngokujongana nenyaniso kwaye inceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno ze-ID ziyaneliseka ngendlela efanelekileyo, ekhuselekileyo nakwimimiselo yoluntu. I-superego yincinci yobuntu obambe yonke imigaqo yokuziphatha kunye nemigangatho esiyifumanayo kubazali, intsapho kunye noluntu ngokubanzi.

Izigaba zoPhuhliso lwezeNgqondo

Iingqungquthela zeFreudy iphakamisa ukuba njengoko abantwana bekhula, baqhubela phambili kwiinkalo zesigaba sengqondo soxhatshazo . Kwinqanaba ngalinye, amandla e-libido afuna ukuzincwisana agxila kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.

Amanqanaba amahlanu okuphuhliswa kwengqondo yile:

I-Oral Stage: Amandla okubhubha agxila emlonyeni.
I-Anal Stage: Amandla e-libidinal agxila kwi-anus.
Isigaba sePhalli: Amandla okubhubhisa agxile kwi-penis okanye kwi-clitoris.
Isiteji esisigxina: Ixesha lokuzola apho kunomdla omncinci okhoyo.
Isigaba seGenesti: Amandla okubhubhisa agxila kwizitho zangasese.

Ukuzaliswa ngempumelelo kwinqanaba ngalinye kukukhokelela kumntu onempilo njengomntu omdala. Ukuba, nangona kunjalo, ukungquzulwano kungagqitywanga kwinqanaba elithile, umntu unokuhlala ehleli okanye enamathele kwinqanaba lokuphuhlisa. Ukulungiswa kunokubandakanya ukuxhomekeka okanye ukunyanzelisa into enxulumene naloo nqanaba lophuhliso. Ngokomzekelo, umntu onokuthi "ukulungiswa ngomlomo" ukholelwa ukuba unamathele kwisigaba somlomo sophuhliso. Izibonakaliso zokulungiswa komlomo zingabandakanya ukuxhomekeka ngokugqithiseleyo ekuziphatheni komlomo ezifana nokutshaya, ukubetha iminwe, okanye ukutya.

Iphulo Lokuhlaziya

Ingqondo engenalwazi idlala indima ebalulekileyo kuzo zonke iingcamango zikaFrud, kwaye wayecinga ukuba iphupha liyeyona ndlela yezona zinto ezibalulekileyo zokuthabatha into ekhoyo ngaphandle kokuqonda kwethu. Wabiza amaphupha "indlela yokumkani engenazi zinto" kwaye wayekholelwa ukuba ngokuphonononga amaphupha, wayengaboni kuphela indlela engqondweni engasebenzi ngayo kodwa ukuba uzame ukufihla ekuqapheliseni.

UFrud ukholelwa ukuba umxholo weephupha unokuphulwa phantsi kwiintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Umxholo wembali wephupha wawuquka yonke into ekhoyo yephupha - iziganeko, imifanekiso kunye neengcinga eziqulethwe ngephupha. Umxholo wembonakalo yiyona nto umphuphayo akhumbula xa evuka. Umxholo osisigxina , ngakolunye uhlangothi, yiyo yonke into efihliweyo kunye neengcamango ngaphakathi kwiphupha. UFrud wayekholelwa ukuba amaphupha ayenesimo esifanelekileyo sokuzaliseka. Ngokuthatha iingcamango ezingenangqondo, iimvakalelo, kunye neminqweno nokuziguqula zibe yizinto ezingasongelo, abantu banako ukunciphisa uxhalaba lwe-ego.

Wayesetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya kwamaphupha njengendawo yokuqala kwindlela yokusebenzisana yamahhala. Umhlalutyi uza kugxininisa kwisimboli esithile sephupha aze asebenzise ubudlelwane bakhululekile ukuba abone ezinye iimbono kunye nemifanekiso ngokukhawuleza eza kwengqondo yomxhasi.

Iinkqubo zoKhuselo

Nangona ungakhange ufunde amaqhinga kaFranud ngaphambili, mhlawumbi uvile igama elithi "iindlela zokuzikhusela" zithandwa ngamaxesha ambalwa. Xa umntu ebonakala engathandi ukujamelana nenyaniso ebuhlungu, unokubagxeka ngokuba "ekuphikeleni." Xa umntu ezama ukujonga inkcazo enengqiqo yokuziphatha okungavumelekanga, unokubonisa ukuba "bayalinganisa."

Ezi zinto zimelela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeendlela zokukhusela okanye iindlela zokusebenzisa i-ego ukuze zikhusele kwixhala. Ezinye zeendlela eziziwayo ezikhuselekileyo zokhuselo zibandakanya ukuphika, ukunyanzeliswa, nokuguqulwa, kodwa kukho ezininzi. Fumanisa kabanzi malunga neentlobo zokhuselo kunye nendlela abasebenza ngayo ukukhusela i-ego kule nkcazo yeendlela zokukhusela .

Umbono weContemporary on theory Freudian Theory

Nangona iingcamango zikaFrud ziye zagxeka kakhulu, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba umsebenzi wakhe wenza iminikelo ebalulekileyo kwingqondo. Umsebenzi wakhe wenza ukuba utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela esibheka ngayo ukugula ngengqondo ngokucetyiswa ukuba akuzona zonke iingxaki zengqondo ezibangelwa ngumzimba. Inkolelo yakhe yokuba iingxaki zengqondo zixazululwe ngokuthetha ngokumalunga nabo ziye zanceda ukuguqula ingqondo yengqondo.

Ekubeni abaninzi beengqondo zengqondo abakhange banikele ingqalelo kwiingcamango ezininzi zeFrud, usenokuzibuza ukuba kutheni ufanele uzikhathaze ukufunda nge-Freudian theory nonke. Okokuqala kwaye mhlawumbi kubaluleke kakhulu, ukuze uqonde ukuba kuphi i-psychology namhlanje, kubalulekile ukuba sijonge emva apho siye saba khona nendlela esiye ngayo apha. Umsebenzi kaFreud unikeza ingqiqo ebalulekileyo intshukumo yengqondo eye yanceda ukuguqula indlela esicinga ngayo ngempilo yengqondo nendlela esijongene ngayo neengxaki zengqondo .

Ngokufunda le ngcamango kunye nalawo awalandelayo, unokufumana ukuqonda okungcono kwimbali ephathekayo kunye neyolwazi. Uninzi lweengqondo zengqondo ezifana nenkqubo yokuzikhusela , i- Freudian slip kunye nokulumkelwa komntu sele ibe yinxalenye yolwimi lwethu lwemihla ngemihla. Ngokufunda ngokubanzi ngomsebenzi wakhe kunye neengcamango, unokuqonda ngokucacileyo ukuba ezi ngcamango kunye neengcamango zenziwe njani kwiinkcubeko ezithandwayo.

Ukuba unomdla wokufunda ngakumbi ngeFreud, qiniseka ukuba uhlolisise ezi zilandelayo:

_Imithombo:

_{UBrauer, J., & Freud, S. (1955).} _{1893-1895 Izifundo kwi-Hysteria Standard Edition 2 London.}

_{Freud, Sigmund.} _(1900). _{Ukutolika kwamaphupha.} _{I-Standard Edition, 5.}

_{Freud, S. (1920). Ngaphandle kweNqobo yoBumnandi (I-Standard Edition).} _Trans. _{UJames Strachey.} _{INew York: I-Liveright Publishing Corporation, ngo-1961.}

_{Freud, S. (1920).} _{Ukubonakalisa Iphupheni Iphupha kunye nokucinga Kwangokuhlwa Kwengqondo.} _{Inew york.} _{Boni & Liveright.} _{I-General Isingeniso kwi-Psychoanalysis.}

_{Freud, S. (1923) I-Ego kunye ne-Id.} _{ILondon: IHogarth Press Ltd.}