I-Freudian Theory of Drives
Ngokwe-psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, i-cathexis kunye ne-anticathexis ukulawula indlela id isebenzisa amandla ngayo. I-Cathexis ibhekisela ekusabalaleni kwe-id xa i-anticathexis ikhusela ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwamandla. Funda kabanzi malunga nendlela le nkqubo isebenza ngayo.
Ngengqondo yakhe ye-psychoanalytic yobuntu, u- Sigmund Freud wacebisa ukuba amandla angqondo ayenziwa yi-libido.
Kodwa njani le nto isetyenziswa ngamandla? NgokukaFreud, la magesi akhululwa ngeendlela eziphilayo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-drives. I-drive inamalungu amabini: iimfuno zezinto eziphilayo kunye nesidingo sengqondo. Ngokomzekelo, imeko yokulamba iholela kokubili izidingo zomzimba zokutya kunye nesifiso sengqondo sokutya. La mabini mabutho asebenza kunye ukwenza i-drive yokutya ukutya xa kuyadingeka.
UFrud wayekholelwa ukuba abantu bayaqhubeka bevelisa amandla angqondo, kodwa kuphela inani elithile elikhoyo ukuze lisetyenziswe naliphi na ixesha ngexesha. Amandla angqondo asetyenziswa ziimpawu ezintathu zobuntu : id, i-ego, kunye ne-superego. I-id yindawo yokuqala apho kukho konke oku kutholakala khona amandla angqondo. I-ID inoxanduva lokuwanelisa iimfuno kunye neemfuno ezisisiseko kwaye isebenze ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ephambili . Amandla ekugqibeleni ahamba ngezinye iinkalo zobuntu-i-ego kunye ne-superego.
Cathexis
Utyalo-mali lombutho kwizinto, ingcamango, okanye umntu owaziwa ngokuba yi-cathexis.
Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni i-id ayikwahluli phakathi komfanekiso wengqondo kunye nenyaniso, ingenakho ukukhokelela kwisenzo esithe ngqo ukuba unelise imfuno. Endaweni yoko, i-id ingenza umfanekiso wento efunwayo eyanelisayo ngexesha elifutshane kodwa ayizalisekanga imfuno kwixesha elide. Umzekelo, umntu olambileyo unokudala umfanekiso wesimo sokutya okufunwayo kunokuba uyidle.
Ngenxa yoko, i-ego iyakwazi ukuthabatha ezinye zamandla ezazisasazeka yi-id. Xa lo mandla uhlanganiswa nomsebenzi ohlobene no-ego, uyaziwa ngokuba yi-ego cathexis. Ukuhlakazeka kwamandla kunokubandakanya ukufuna imisebenzi ehambelana nemfuno. Umzekelo, umntu angathenga incwadi yokupheka okanye abukele umboniso wokupheka kwithelevishini xa belambile.
Anticathexis
Khumbula, i-id ayikwahluli phakathi kwezinto eziyinyaniso kunye nefantasti. Ngenxa yoko, i-ID ingenza ngendlela ezingenangqiqo okanye ezingamkelekanga kuluntu. Ngethamsanqa, i-ego inokuthi ibenze ukuvimba ukungahambi, ukuziphatha okubi, okanye izenzo ezingamkelekanga kwi-id. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yi-anticathexis kwaye yenza ukuvimba okanye ukucima i-cathexes ukuba isetyenziswe.
Ingcinezelo mhlawumbi i-anticathexis eyaziwa kakhulu. Uxinzelelo lusebenza ukugcina izenzo ezingathandekiyo, iingcamango, okanye iimpawu zokungena kwi-awareness awareness. Nangona kunjalo, ukugxininisa ezi zifunwayo ze-id ezingathandeki kuthatha utyalo-mali obuninzi. Ngenxa yokuba kukho amandla amaninzi kuphela, ezinye iinkqubo zinokuthi zitshintshwe ngokusetyenziswa kwamandla we-anticathexes.