Ulwakhiwo Lweengqondo Ngokuya kuFrud
I-psychoanalyst eyaziwayo uSigmund Freud wayekholelwa ukuba ukuziphatha nobuntu buvela ekusebenziseni rhoqo kunye okuyingqungquthela yokusebenza kwengqondo ephikisanayo esebenzayo kumaqondo amathathu ahlukeneyo okuqaphela: owaziwayo, owaziyo, kunye nolwazi. Wayekholelwa ukuba nganye yale nxalenye yengqondo ibambe indima ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleleni ukuziphatha.
Funda kabanzi malunga naloo mazinga olwazi kunye nendima abayidlala ngayo ekubunzeni ukuziphatha kwabantu kunye nengcamango.
Iinqanaba Zengqondo Ezi-3 zeFreud
- Iqonga liqulethe nantoni na enokuthi ifakwe kwingqondo engqondweni.
- Ingqondo eyaziwayo iqulethe zonke iingcamango, iinkumbulo, iimvakalelo, kunye neeminqweno esaziyo kuyo nayiphi na umzuzu. Le yimiba yokucwangciswa kwengqondo yethu esinokuyicinga nokuthetha ngayo ngesantya. Inxalenye yale nto ibandakanya imemori yethu, engekho rhoqo inxalenye yolwazi kodwa inokubuyiswa kalula nganoma naliphi na ixesha ize ifakwe kwingqalelo yethu.
- Ingqondo engenalwazi ngumthombo weemvakalelo, iingcamango, izibongozo kunye neenkumbulo ezingaphandle kolwazi lwethu. Uninzi lweziqulatho ezingenalwazi alwamkelekanga okanye alubi, njengemvakalelo yentlungu, ukuxhalabisa okanye ukuxabana. NgokukaFreud, into engacacanga iyaqhubeka ifuthe ekuphatheni kwethu namava, nangona singazizi ngxaki.
UFrud wafanisa la ma nqanaba amathathu engqondo kwi-iceberg. Umphezulu we-iceberg ongayibona ngaphezu kwamanzi ubonisa ingqondo eyaziwayo. Inxalenye yeqhankqalazo eguqulwa ngaphantsi kwamanzi kodwa isabonakala ingabonakali. Ubuninzi be-iceberg engabonakali phantsi komlambo wamanzi bubonisa ukungabi nalwazi.
Ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda kangcono ingqondo eyaziwayo neyengazi, kunokuba luncedo ukujonga ngokugqithiseleyo umntu odlalisa imigaqo kunye neengcamango zakhe malunga nendlela osebenza ngayo ingqondo.
USigmund Freud wayengumsekeli weengqondo ze-psychoanalytic. Nangona iimbono zakhe zazibhekwa njengento emangalisa ngelo xesha kwaye ziqhubeka nokudala ingxoxo kunye nokuphikisana kwanamhlanje, umsebenzi wakhe waba nefuthe elinzulu kwiinkalo ezininzi, kuquka i- psychology , i-sociology, i-anthropology, iincwadi kunye nobugcisa.
Igama elithi psychoanalysis lisetyenziselwa ukubhekisela kwiinkalo ezininzi zomsebenzi kaFrud kunye nophando, kubandakanywa unyango lwe-Freudian kunye nendlela yokuphanda ayisebenzisayo ukuphuhlisa iimbono zakhe. UFrud wayexhomekeke kakhulu kwiinkcazo zakhe kunye neziphumo zezigulane zakhe xa edala indlela yakhe yokuphuhlisa ubuntu.
Ingqondo Yengqondo Neyengqondo Ayisebenzi?
Yintoni eyenzekayo kwinqanaba ngalinye lokwazisa? Enye indlela yokuqonda indlela ingqondo eyaziwayo kunye nengqondo engasebenzi ngayo kukujonga izinto ezibizwa ngokuba zizilwanyana zolwimi. Abaninzi bethu baye bafumana into edlalwa ngokuba yi- Freudian slip ngexesha okanye enye. Ezi nkohliso zikholelwa ukuba zityhila phantsi, ingcamango engqondweni okanye iimvakalelo.
Khawuqwalasele lo mzekelo:
UJames useqalile ulwalamano olutsha nomfazi odibana naye esikolweni. Ngethuba esethetha nomnye umva kwemini, ubiza ngengozi lakhe igama lakhe le-intombi.
Ukuba ubule imeko, ungayichaza njani le mpazamo? Abaninzi bethu bangasola i-slip ekuphazamiseni okanye bayichaze njengengozi elula. Nangona kunjalo, umhlaziyi-Freudian unokukuxelela ukuba oku kungaphezulu kwesigxina seelwimi.
Umbono we-psychoanalytic ugxeka ukuba akukho nto, amandla angaphakathi ngaphandle kolwazi lwakho oluqondisa ukuziphatha kwakho. Ngokomzekelo, i-psychoanalyst inokuthi uYamesh misspoke ngenxa yeemvakalelo ezingaphendulwanga zithuba lakhe okanye mhlawumbi ngenxa yokungaxolisi ngobudlelwane bakhe obutsha.
UFrud wayekholelwa ukuba nangona ingqondo engayazi ifikeleleke kakhulu, i-contents of unconscious inokuthi idibanise ngezinye iindlela ngendlela engalindelekanga njengamaphupha okanye i-slips yolwimi.
Njengoko kukhankanywe ngaphambili, ukungazi kakuhle kuquka iingcamango, iimvakalelo , iinkumbulo, iiminqweno, kunye nezizathu ezibangelwa ngaphandle kokwazisa kwethu, kodwa ke kunjalo siqhubeka siqhuba impembelelo kwizenzo zethu. Ngoko ngokuphosakela wambiza intombi yakhe entsha ngegama lakhe elide, uYakobi unokubonakalisa iimvakalelo ezingenangqondo ezihambelana nolwalamano lwangaphambili.
Umcebisi kunye noNgcono: Ukujonga ngakumbi
Okuqulathekileyo kwengqondo eyaziwayo kubandakanya zonke izinto oziqondayo ngethuba elithile. Kulo mzuzwana, umzekelo, unokwazi uqaphela ulwazi olufundayo, isandi somculo ophulaphulayo, okanye intetho enayo. Zonke iingcamango ezidlulayo engqondweni yakho, iimvakalelo kunye nemibono evela kwihlabathi elikujikelezile, kunye neenkumbulo ozenzayo ekuqapheliseni kwakho zonke iindawo zeso siva.
Ingqondo ehambelanayo nengqiqo iqulethe zonke izinto onokubangela ukuba ukwazi ukuqonda. Usenokungacingi ngokucinga ngeemvakalelo ezivela esikolweni sakho esiphakeme, kodwa leyo ngcaciso onokuyifakela ngokukhawuleza engqondweni ukuba uyayifuna okanye ufuna ukwenza njalo. I-preconscious nayo isebenza njengento yokulinda, ukulawula ulwazi oluvunyelwe ukungena kwi-awareness awareness.
Enye into ekufuneka uyikhumbule ngengqondo eyaziwayo kunye nengqiqo kukuba zimela kuphela intonga ye-iceberg. Zingancinci ngokwemali yolwazi abanalo.
Ingqondo engaziqondi: Yiyiphi into ephantsi koLwazi loLwazi
Ukuba ingqondo eyaziwayo ibonisa intonga ye-iceberg, ingqondo engazi kakuhle eyenza inqwaba ye-iceberg engabonakaliyo kwaye ingabonakali ngaphantsi kwamanzi. Izikhumbuzo, iingcamango, iimvakalelo kunye nolwazi olubuhlungu kakhulu, oluhlazo, oluhlazo, okanye oluxhalabisayo ekuqapheliseni ulwazi lugcinwe kwiqonga elikhulu elenza ingqondo engenalwazi.
Nangona le ngcaciso ingabonakali ngokulula, uFrud wayekholelwa ukuba impembelelo yayo inokudlala indima enamandla ekuziphatheni nokuziphatha kakuhle. Wadibanisa uxinzelelo lweengqondo kwimvakalelo engaphendulwanga yongquzulwano eyayingaphandle kolwazi, kwaye ezininzi iindlela zokwelapha ezisetyenziswayo zijolise ekuveliseni izibongozo ezingenangqondo, iimvakalelo, kunye neenkumbulo ukuba zibe nolwazi oluqinileyo ukuze bakwazi ukujongana ngempumelelo.
ILizwi
Nangona ezininzi iingcamango zikaFrud ziye zazingabonakali kwizengqondo, ukubaluleka kokungazi kakuhle kuye kwaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kunye negalelo eliqhubekayo kwizengqondo. I-Psychoanalytic yonyango , ehlola indlela ingqondo engenaziphumo echaphazela ngayo iziphathamandla kunye neengcamango, isiba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kunyango lweengqondo kunye nokukhathazeka kwengqondo.
> Imithombo:
> I-Carducci, iBJ. I-Psychology of Personality: Iimbono, uPhando, kunye nezicelo. ENew York: UJohn Wiley kunye noNyana; 2009.
> Corsini, RJ, & Wedding, D. Iingcali ze-Psychotherapist (9th ed.). EBelmont, CA: I-Brooks Cole; 2011.