1 - USigmund Freud Wayeyena mdala kunabo bonke abantwana abalishumi elinesibhozo
UFrud wazalwa njengoSigismund Schlomo Freud ngoMeyi 6, 1856. Uyise uYakob wayengumrhwebi wemveliso yeboya owayeneminyaka engama-41 ubudala esele wayenabantwana ababini ukusuka kumtshato ongaphambili. Unina kaFrud, u-Amalia, wayeneminyaka engama-20 emncinane kunomyeni wakhe. Ukuhluleka kweshishini likatata kuye kwanyanzelisa intsapho yaseFrud ukuba ihambe ekhaya labo eFeiberg, eMoravia ukuya eVienna.
UFrud wayenabantwana abantakwabo abasixhenxe, kodwa wayehlala echaza ngokuba ngumthanda wakhe oyintandokazi - "igolide yaseGiggie." "U
Ndiyifumene ukuba abantu abaziyo ukuba bathandwa okanye banconywa oomama banikela ubungqina ebomini babo bokuzithemba ngokuzikhethela kunye nokuthembela okungaqinisekiyo okuvame ukuletha impumelelo yangempela kubanikazi babo, "uFrud wacebisa.
2 - I-Freud kwasekuqaleni yayiMmeli noMsebenzisi weCocaine
Ngaphambi kokuba ifumaneke iziphumo ezinobungozi, i-cocaine yayisetyenziswe ngokubanzi njenge-analgesic ne-euphoric. Kwaye kwasetyenziswa kwimveliso efana neyendlu, kuquka i-soda pop kunye ne-throat lozenges. UFrud wavelisa umdla kwimiphumo engavumelekiyo ye-cocaine kwaye ekuqaleni waqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Emva kwemiphumo emibi yokulimala kunye neyingozi yecacacaine yaziwa, udumo lwezonyango lukaFranud luchothole ngenxa yoko.
3 - Sigmund Freud NguMsunguli we-Psychoanalysis
Ngokuqhelekanga ukuba isikolo esisodwa sengcinga singabhekiswa kumntu omnye. Kwimeko yeFreud, iingcamango zakhe zasebenza njengesikolo sesikolo sengqondo esasiza kukhawuleza ukuba sibe yinto ebalulekileyo kwiminyaka yokuqala yesayensi yengqondo nokuziphatha. Ukupapashwa kwe-1899 yencwadi yakhe Ukuchazwa kweeDreams kwakha isiseko esisiseko seengcamango kunye neengcamango ezakha i- psychoanalysis . Ngowe-1902, uFrud wayephethe iingxoxo zeveki ekhaya lakhe eVienna. Ezi ntla nganiso ezahlukileyo zizakukhula zibe yi-Vienna Psychoanalytic Society.
4 - UFrud waba nguDokotela kwiNkundla yokuShada noMfazi owamthandayo
Xa uFredud wayeneminyaka engama-26, wahlaselwa ngothando nomfazi oneminyaka engama-21 ubudala ogama linguMartin Bernays kwaye bahlala emva kweenyanga ezimbini. Njengomfundi osweleyo uhlala nabazali bakhe, umsebenzi we-lab wezesayensi kaFreud akazange ahlawule ngokwaneleyo ukuxhasa intsapho. "Intombazana yam entle, yintlungu nje yokucinga ukuba ndimele ndingenamandla okubonisa ukuba ndiyamthanda," uFranud wabhalela uMarta.
Kwiinyanga ezintandathu emva kokudibana, uFrud washiya umsebenzi wakhe wesayensi waza waba ngugqirha. Wachitha iminyaka emithathu ukuqeqeshwa kwi-Vienna General Hospital kwaye wayengenakukwazi ukubona umyeni wakhe owayefudukela eJamani. Emva kweminyaka emine yokulinda, uFreud noBernay batshata ngoSeptemba 14, 1886. Esi sibini sahamba saba nabantwana abathandathu.
Abadumi bexesha elide babecinga ukuba, emva koko uFranud wayenomdla kunye nodadewabo, uMnna Bernays.
5 - Sigmund Freud Uphuhlise ukusetyenziswa kweTradio Treaty
Nangona iingcamango zikaFrud zihlala zigxekwa okanye zichaswe ngokucacileyo ngabafundi be-psychotherapists baninzi, abaninzi bayaqhubeka nokusebenzisa iindlela ezidumileyo ze-psychoanalyst kwizinga elithile. Ukuthetha unyango ludlala indima ephambili kwi- psychoanalytic therapy kwaye iye yaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwelapha. Ukusebenzisa unyango lwentetho, umboneleli wonyango ukhangele iipatheni okanye iziganeko ezibalulekileyo ezingadlala indima kwiingxaki zangoku zabaxhasi. Iingcali ze-Psychoanalyst zikholelwa ukuba iziganeko zobuntwana kunye neemvakalelo ezingenangqondo , iingcamango nezizathu zenza igalelo ekuguleni kwengqondo kunye nokuziphatha kakubi.
6 - Intombi kaFreud, u-Anna, wayenesiNgqikirha esaziwayo neChrologist
U-Anna Freud waqala umsebenzi wakhe obangelwa yimfundiso kayise. Wayekude nje ehlala emthunzini wobawo ode, nangona kunjalo. U-Anna Freud wenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kwizengqondo. Wasekela umntwana wengqondo yengqondo kwaye wasingqa iinkqubo zokuzivikela ze-ego kwincwadi yakhe ethi Ego kunye neendlela zoKhuselo (1936).
7 - U-Freud Mhlawumbi Akuzange Watsho Ngokuqinisekileyo "Ngamanye amaxesha i-Cigar iyona yindoda"
Ngelixa iqela elidumileyo liphindaphindiwe kwaye libizwa ngokuba yiFreud, akukho bungqina bokuba wakha wathi "ngamanye amaxesha ugwayi ugosa nje." UFrud wayengumsiyi wecuba osemphefumlweni, utshaya ukuya kutsho kwiingamashumi amabini ngosuku ngokulandelelana kwakhe no-Ernst Jones.
Njengoko ibali lihamba, umntu wambi wabuza uFrud ukuba yintoni i-cigar eyayivame ukutshiza. Impendulo isetyenziswe ukubonisa ukuba nangona i-psychoanalyst eyaziwayo yayikholelwa ukuba akusiyo yonke into ebanjelwe phantsi, intsingiselo yokufuzisela. Enyanisweni, isicatshulwa sinokuthi sisungulwe ngumlobi-ntatheli owagqalwa ngokugqithisileyo njengesicatshulwa nguFreud .
8 - USigmund Freud uye wavakashela iUnited States kuphela kwaBomi bakhe
Ngowe-1909, isazi sengqondo se-American G. Stanley Hall samema uSigmund Freud ukuba athethe nge-psychoanalysis kwi-University of Clark. Nangona ekuqaleni wayenqaba ukunikezelwa, uFrud ekugqibeleni wathandwa yiHolo. UFrud waya eAmerika kunye noogqirha uCar Jung noSandor Ferenczi.
Emva kokudibana kunye no-AA Brill no-Ernst Jones, iqela lachitha iintsuku eziliqela ukujonga eNew York ngaphambi kokuya kwiYunivesithi yaseClake lapho uFrud enikezela uluhlu lweentetho ezintlanu kwimbali kunye nokunyuka kwengqondo ye-psychoanalysis. "Njengoko ndihamba phezu kwesikhulumi," uFrud uchaze, "kubonakala ngathi ukuzaliseka kwexesha elithile elimangalisayo: I-Psychoanalysis yayingeyona into yokukhohlisa - ibe yinto ebalulekileyo yinyani."
9 - USigmund Freud Wayephoqeleka ukuba ahambe eVienna ngamaNazi
Xa amaNazi ahlasela i-Austria, iincwadi ezininzi zeFrud zatshiswa kunye nabanye abadumileyo.
"Yiyiphi inkqubela esenzayo," uFrud watshela umhlobo. "NgeMinyaka Ephakathi babeza kunditshisa; namhlanje banelisekile ngokutshisa iincwadi zam."
UFrud nentombi yakhe u-Anna babephenywa ngabaGestapo ngaphambi kokuba umngane wakhe uMarie Marie Bonaparte akwazi ukufikelela eNgilani. UBonaparte naye wazama ukuhlangula oodade abane bakaFranud kodwa akazange akwazi ukwenza njalo. Emva koko bonke abafazi abane bafa kwiinkampu zoxinzelelo zamaNazi.
I-10 - uSigmund Freud wayenemisebenzi engaphezu kwe-30 yokunyanga i-Cancer Cancer
UFrud wayeyi-cigar ekhuselayo ebomini bakhe bonke. Ngomnyaka we-1939, emva kokuba umdlavuza wakhe ubonakala ungasebenzi, uFrud wabuza ugqirha ukuba amncede azibulale. Ugqirha ophethe izifo ezintathu ezihlukeneyo ze-morphine noFrud zafa ngoSeptemba 23, 1939.
Iingxelo
IGrubin, D. (2002). Omncinane uDkt Freud: Ifilimu nguDavid Grubin. Devillier Donegan Enterprises.
UWallace, I. (1975). "UDkt Freud uvakashela iMelika. I-Almanac yabantu.
11 - Funda kabanzi malunga neFrud
Ukuba uye ujabule eli nqaku, ngoko ungathanda ukufunda ngokuphathelele ubomi bukaFreud obuphawulekayo, imibono kunye nelifa. Qiniseka ukuba uhlolisise ezi ziqhagamshelwano ukufumana amanqaku amaninzi kunye nezixhobo ezinxulumene neFreud.