Ukufunda ubuntu ngenye yezihloko ezibalulekileyo zentlalo yengqondo. Iimbalo ezininzi zobuntu zikhona kwaye ezininzi zezona zikhulu ziwela kwelinye lezinto ezine eziphambili . Ngalunye lwale mibono ngobuntu ezama ukuchaza iipatheni ezahlukeneyo zobuntu , kubandakanywa nendlela le ndlela ifom kunye nendlela abantu abahluke ngayo kumgangatho ngamnye.
Funda kabanzi malunga neendlela ezine eziphambili zobuntu, i-theorist ehambelana nenkolelo nganye kunye neengcamango ezingundoqo eziphambili kwindlela nganye.
I-Psychoanalytic Perspective
Umbono we- psychoanalytic wobuntu ugxininisa ukubaluleka kwamava ebuntwaneni kunye nengqondo engazi . Le ngcamango ebuntwini yenziwe ngumgulana wezifo zengqondo uSigmund Freud owayekholelwa ukuba izinto ezifihlakeleyo ezingenalwazi zingabonakaliswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ngamaphupha, ubudlelwane bekhululekile kunye neentlobo zeelwimi. I-theorists ye-Neo-Freudian , kuquka u-Erik Erikson, uCarl Jung, u-Alfred Adler noKaren Horney , bakholelwa ukubaluleka kokungazi kodwa bengavumelani nezinye iinkalo zeengcamango zikaFrud.
IiTheorists ezinkulu kunye neengcamango zabo
- UGigmund Freud : Ugxininise ukubaluleka kwezehlosana ezisemncinci yobuntwaneni, impembelelo yezintlu zesini kunye nolwabelana ngesondo kunye nophuhliso lobuntu.
- U-Erik Erikson : Ugxininiswe kwizinto zentlalo ekuphuhliseni ubuntu, ubunzima besazisi kunye nendlela ubuntu obunjwa ngayo kwixesha lonke lobomi.
- UCarl Jung : Ugxininise kwiingcamango ezinjengeentlanganiso ezingenakuqonda, i-archetypes kunye neengqondo zengqondo.
- U-Alfred Adler : Ukholelwa ukuba isisiseko esisisiseko ebomini kubandakanya ukuzama ukuphakama, okanye umnqweno wokunqoba imingeni kwaye usondele ngakumbi ekuziqheleni. Lo mnqweno wokufezekisa ukuphakama kubangelwa yimvakalelo engaphantsi kokuthi u-Adler wayekholelwa yinto yonke.
- UKaren Horney : Ugxininiswe kwisidingo sokunqoba ukuxhalabisa okuyisiseko, umqondo wokuzimela kwaye ube yedwa ehlabathini. Wagxininisa imicimbi yenkcubeko kunye neenkcubeko ezidlala indima ebuntwini, kubandakanywa ukubaluleka kobudlelwane bomzali nabantwana.
I-Persistective Perspective
Umbono wobuntu wobuntu ugxininisa ekukhuleni kwengqondo, inkululeko yokuzikhethela, kunye nolwazi lomntu. Kuthatha isimo sengqondo esiphezulu ngokubaluleka komntu kwaye sisisiseko sendlela umntu ngamnye anokufikelela ngayo umntu ngamnye.
Major Theorists
- UCarl Rogers : Ukholelwa ekuthandeni okulungileyo kwabantu kwaye wagxininisa ukubaluleka kwentando yokuzikhethela kunye nokukhula kwengqondo. Wacetyisa ukuba ukunyamekela kwezinto kukuqhuba amandla okuziphatha kwabantu.
- UAbraham Maslow : Ucetyiswa ukuba abantu bayashukunyiswa yi -hierarchy of needs . Iimfuno eziphambili zijoliswe kwizinto eziyimfuneko ebomini ezifana nokutya kunye namanzi, kodwa njengoko abantu bephakamisa ulawulo oluphezulu, ezi zidingo zijoliswe kwizinto ezifana nokuhlonishwa nokuzimela.
Umxholo woPhulo
Umbono wobuqu obunjani bujolise ekuboneni, ukuchaza nokulinganisa iimpawu ezithile ezenza ubuntu bomntu . Ngokuqonda ezi mpawu, abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba banokuqonda kangcono ukuhluka phakathi kwabantu.
Major Theorists
- U-Hans Eysenck : Ucetyiswa ukuba kukho ububanzi obuthathu bobuntu: 1) ukukhutshwa kwe-extraversion-introversion, 2) ukuzinza kwengqondo-neuroticism kunye no-3) kwengqondo.
- URaymond Cattell : Ukuchonga izici zobuntu ezili-16 awayecinga ukuba zingasetyenziswa ukuqonda nokulinganisa ukuhlukahluka komntu.
- URobert McCrae kunye noPaul Costa: Kuye kwavela inkolelo emihlanu ebalulekileyo, echaza ubungqina obuncinane bobubomi: 1) u-extraversion, 2) u-neuroticism, 3) ukuvuleka ukufumana amava, 4) unembeza kunye no-5) ukuvumelana.
Umbono woLuntu lweNkcazo
Umbono wentlalo yoluntu ngobomi bugxininisa ukubaluleka kokufunda , ukuzinyameka, iimpembelelo zesimo kunye neenkqubo zokuqonda.
Major Theorists
- U-Albert Bandura : Ugxininise ukubaluleka kokufunda ngentlalo, okanye ukufunda ngokuqwalasela. Ingcamango yakhe igxininise indima yeengcamango eziziwayo kuquka ukuzinyameka , okanye iinkolelo zethu kwizakhono zethu.