Uqwalasele ngokugqithiseleyo ezinye iindidi ezahlukeneyo zobuntu
Iingcali zeengqondo zidla ngokuthetha ngeempawu zobuntu, kodwa yintoni impawu? Abaqeqeshi bempilo yengqondo bachaza njani eli gama? Ubuntu bethu bukunceda ukuba senze abantu abahlukeneyo, kodwa akusiwo wonke umntu ovuma ngokucacileyo ukuba ziphi izici ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo. Abanye baphula ubuntu kwiimpawu ezincinci kunye neenkcukacha ezithile, ngelixa abanye bekhetha ukujonga iimpawu ngakumbi ngokubanzi.
Masiqwalasele ngakumbi indlela iimpawu ezichazwe ngayo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobuntu obukhoyo, kunye neempembelelo ezahlukeneyo ezifaka isandla ekuphuhliseni iimpawu zobuntu.
Iimpawu zobuntu zichazwe njani?
Iimpawu zichazwa ngokuqhelekileyo njengeempawu ezahlukileyo ezenza ubuntu bomntu. Kwi- Handbook of Personality: Iingcamango noPhando , ababhali uRoberts, Wood, kunye neCaspi bachaza iimpawu zobuntu njengeendlela "zokuhlala zihlala zengcamango, iimvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha okuhlukanisa abantu ngabanye."
Iingcamango zengqondo zibonisa ukuba ubuqu bethu buzenziwe ngamanani amaninzi ahlukeneyo. Ukuxubusha, umzekelo, ubukhulu bomntu obuchaza indlela abantu abasebenzisana ngayo nehlabathi. Abanye abantu baxhamla kakhulu kwaye baphuma, umzekelo, ngelixa abanye baqala ukungena kunye nokugcinwa.
Kuze kube kutshanje, kwakukholelwa ukuba iimpawu zobuntu zatshintshana kakhulu kwixesha lokuphila.
Olunye uphando lwexesha elide luye lwabonisa ukuba iimpawu zincinci ngaphezu kokukholelwa ngaphambili kwaye ezinye iinguqu zinokuthi zenzeke emva kwexesha .
Ngaba lo Mntu Uguquka Kwenzeka njani?
Xa kufikelele kwezinye iindawo ezibanzi, iimpawu eziphambili, utshintsho luba nzima. Xa kwenzeka, ezi tshintsho ziba zibuqili.
Umntu okhungathekileyo , umzekelo, unokuba yinto engaphezulu kwexesha. Oku akuthethi ukuba baya kutshintshwa babe yi-introvert. Kuthetha nje ukuba utshintsho olufihlakeleyo lwenzekile kwaye ukukhushulwa komntu kuye kwatshintshwa kancane. Umntu usaphuma kwaye ulungelelanisa, kodwa banokufumanisa ukuba nabo banandipha yedwa okanye izicwangciso ezithule ngezinye izihlandlo.
Ngangolunye uhlangothi, i- introvert , iyakwazi ukuzifumana ibe yinto engakumbi xa ikhula. Oku akuthethi ukuba umntu ngokukhawuleza uhlakulela umnqweno wokuba abe ngumbindi wokuqwalasela okanye uchithe rhoqo ngoLwesihlanu ebusuku kwiqela elikhulu. Nangona kunjalo, lo mntu unokufumanisa ukuba baqala ukuzonwabisa ngeentlalo zentlalo ngakumbi kwaye bazive bephelelwe amandla kwaye baxakeke emva kokuba bachithe ixesha lokuzibandakanya.
Kuzo zombini le mizekelo, umgangatho womntu womntu awuzange utshintshe ngokupheleleyo. Kunoko, utshintsho kwixesha, ngokuphindaphindiweyo umphumo wamava, sele kukhokelela ekutshintsheni okutshintshileyo kule miqobo ephambili.
Imigaqo yoBuntu
Kwincwadi yabo yobuntu, uRoberts kunye nabalingane bakhe bachaza imigaqo embalwa eyisiseko efunyenwe kuphando lomntu:
- Umgaqo wokukhula: Abantu bavame ukuba banokuvakalayo, bazinze ngokomoya, kwaye banoluntu xa bekhula.
- Umgaqo wokuphuhlisa ulwazi: Abantu bahlakulela i-identity enamandla njengoko bekhula kunye nokukhula kudala ukuzinikela okukhulu nokugcinwa kwesi simo sengqondo. Ngethuba leminyaka ebomini yobomi, abantu baqhubeka behlola iindima ezahlukeneyo kunye nobunikazi. Njengabantu abaneminyaka yobudala, baqala ukuziva benyaniseke ngakumbi kwi-identity they haveged over their life.
- Isiqulatho sePlastiki: Nangona iimbonakalo zobuntu zihlala zizinzile, azifaki kwiitye. Baxhomekeke kwimpembelelo yokusingqongileyo kwinqanaba lobomi.
- Umgaqo wokuqhubeka komsebenzi: Kuhambelana neendima ezikhokelela ekuqhubekeni kwezimpawu zobuntu kunokuba zihambelane neemeko.
Iintlobo zobuntu zobuntu
Ungathini xa umntu ekucela ukuba uluhlu lweempawu zobuntu ezichazayo kakuhle? Unokuthi udibanise kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezinjengezobubele, ezinobundlobongela, ezihloniphekileyo, ezihlazileyo, eziphumayo, okanye ezinqwenelekayo. Ukuba unokwenza uluhlu lwawo wonke umgangatho wobuntu , mhlawumbi luquka amakhulu okanye amawaka emigqaliselo eyahlukeneyo esetyenziselwa ukuchaza iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobuntu. Enyanisweni, isazi senzululwazi uGordon Allport sakha udweliso lwezinto zobuntu ezibandakanya amagama angama-4 000.
Umbuzo weendlela ezininzi zobuntu eziye zenziwa yintlankathelo kwingxelo enkulu yengqondo, kodwa ezininzi iingcali zengqondo namhlanje zixhomekeke kwinto eyaziwa njengeyona ndlela emithathu yobuntu.
Ngokomzekelo omkhulu weendlela, ubuntu bunamalungu amahlanu ububanzi. Ubuqu bomntu ngamnye buba nokuba phezulu, ngaphantsi okanye kwindawo ethile phakathi kwimiba emihlanu.
Iinkalo ezintlanu ezenza ubuntu zi:
- Ukuxubusha
- Unembeza
- Ukungqinelana
- Ukuvuleka
- Neuroticism
Uninzi lweempawu ongazisebenzisa ukuchaza ubomi bakho buwela phantsi kwezi zihloko ezibanzi. Impawu zobuntu ezifana neentloni, eziphumayo, ezinobungane, kunye nolonwabo ziyimpawu zokuxubusha xa iziganeko ezinjengezobubele, ezicingayo, ezihlelweyo kunye nezikhundla ziza kuba yinxalenye yesazela.
Enye into ebalulekileyo yokukhumbula kukuba nganye yezi ziphumo ezinhlanu zimela ukuqhubeka. Abanye abantu baphantsi kwiimpawu ezithile kwaye baphakamileyo kwabanye. Enyanisweni, abantu abaninzi banokuthi babekho kwindawo ephakathi emininzi okanye emininzi yale mpawu.
Ngaba iimpawu zobuntu ezibangelwa yiGenesis okanye iNgqongileyo?
Yintoni ebaluleke ngakumbi xa ifika kumntu, imvelo okanye ukondla ? Ingakanani i-DNA yakho ifuthe ubuntu bakho?
Abaphandi baye bachitha iminyaka emininzi befunda iintsapho, amawele, abantwana abamkelweyo kunye neentsapho ezikhulayo ukuze baqonde kangangoko ubunjani bomntu obuyimfuza kunye nokuba buninzi bendalo . Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba bobabini banokudlala indima ebuntwini, nangona inani leemfundo eziphambili zeewele zibonisa ukuba kukho inxalenye eqinile yobomi.
Isifundo esisodwa esaziwayo kule ndawo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Minnesota Study of Twins Ephakanyisiwe iiphando ezingama-350 ezibini zamawele phakathi kowe-1979 no-1999. Ababambe iqhaza babequka iiseti zombini ezifanayo kunye nabazalwana abaye baphakanyiswa kunye okanye bahlukana. Iziphumo zityhila ukuba ubuqu beewele ezifanayo zifana nokuba zikhuliswe kwikhaya elifanayo okanye ziphakanyisiwe, zibonisa ukuba ubuncinci bezinye iinkalo zobuntu zichaphazeleke kakhulu kwi-genetics.
Ngokuqinisekileyo oku akuthethi ukuba imimandla ayinayo indima ekubunzeni ubuntu. Izifundo ze-Twin zibonisa ukuba amawele afanayo abelana malunga neepesenti ezingama-50 zeempawu ezifanayo, ngelixa amawele asondelene abelana ngama-20 ekhulwini.
Impawu zobuntu ziyinkimbinkimbi kwaye uphando lubonisa ukuba iimpawu zethu zenziwe yimihlaba yomibini kunye nemeko yendalo. La mabini mabutho asebenzisana ngezindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza ubuntu bethu.
> Imithombo:
> Bouchard, TJ Jr, Lykken, DT, McGue, M., Segal, NL, Tellegen, A (1990). Imithombo yokwahlukana kwengqondo kwengqondo: iMifundla yaseMinnesota yokuThatyathwa kwababini. Sayensi. 1990; 250 (4978): 223-228.
> Matthews, G., Deary, IJ, & & Whiteman, iMicro Character Traits. I-Cambridge: I-Cambridge University Press; 2010.
> Roberts, BW, Wood, D., & Caspi, A. Ukuphuhliswa kweempawu zobuntu ekukhuleni. Ku-John John, RW uRobins, & LA Pervin (Ed.), Incwadi yobuntu: Inkolelo kunye noPhando, iphe. 375-399. INew York: I-Press Guilford; 2008.