Ukuba usenokwenza uphando kunye nokufunda ngentsholongwane ye-bipolar (okanye nantoni na ukugula kwengqondo), mhlawumbi ubonayo amabinzana afana, "Ngokutsho kwe-DSM-IV ..." okanye "Isikhokelo kwi-DSM-IV rhulumente ... "Kodwa yintoni nje le DSM-IV? Inguqu ye-4 ye- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities Disorders epapashwe yi-American Psychiatric Association.
E-United States, yinkqubo eyintloko yokusetyenziswa kunye nokuxilonga izifo zengqondo.
Imbali ye-DSM
I-DSM yaqala ukupapashwa ngowe-1952. Ngelo xesha, iqulethe izidumbu ezingama-66 kunye neenlist ezifutshane zeempawu nganye kunye nengxoxo yeenkolelo ezithintekayo zezifo ezahlukeneyo (Holmes). Ngomnyaka we-1968, inani leengxaki liye lanyuka liza kufikelela ngaphezu kwe-100 kunye nokupapashwa kwe-Edition II. Udidi lwe-III loMqulu (1979) luqalise inkqubo yokuxilonga i-multiaxial yezigaba ezihlanu (ezichazwe ngezantsi).
I-Axis System ye-DSM
I-axis nganye ibonisa uhlobo oluthile lwesifo sengqondo okanye indlela apho isifo sengqondo singathonyelwa khona. Ngokomzekelo, ukugula kwengqondo enkulu njengengxaki ye-bipolar iwela kwi-Axis I. Ukuba isiqhelo sokudakumba kubangelwa okanye siphuthunyiswe ngongcinezelo olunjengokusetyenziswa kakubi komlingane, ingxaki iya kuba ne-Axis IV. Oku kuvumela ukuxilongwa ngokubanzi.
- I-Axis I-Iingxaki zoKliniki
- I-Axis II - Ukuphazamiseka komntu kunye nokuLawula kwengqondo
- I-Axis III - Iziganeko Zonyango jikelele
- I-Axis IV - Iingxaki zengqondo kunye neNgqongileyo (iingcinezelo)
- I-Axis V - Uvavanyo loHlabathi lweMisebenzi
Uhla lweNkqubo yeDSM
I-DSM-IV yinkqubo yangoku ye-manual kwaye yapapashwa ngo-1994.
Olu hlobo lubonisa malunga neengxaki ezingama-400. Kwakhona kwaphucula ukuxilongwa kwe-diagnostic ngokufaka ii-prototype okanye imithi yesigqibo esichaza impawu zeengxaki, ezikhokelela kwiiklinikhi ngokubhekiselele kwiisethi zeemibuzo malunga nobukho okanye ukungabikho kwempawu (Holmes; Kendall & Hammen). Ngo-Juni 2000, ukuhlaziywa kwimiqulu yanyatheliswa yanyathelisa i-DSM yangoku ngelo xesha kunye neenkcukacha zamanani kunye neziphumo zakutshanje zophando.
Le ncwadana yinkcazelo ebanzi yolwazi ngoko ihlelwe ngamacandelo okubhekiseleleka lula. Icandelo lokuqala liqulethwe ngemiyalelo malunga nendlela yokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifumaneka kwi-DSM. Icandelo elilandelayo uluhlu olucacileyo lwenkqubo yokubeka uluhlu lweekhowudi ezisemthethweni nganye yesifo. Ukulandela uhlengahlengiso inkqubo ye-multiaxial echazwe ngasentla. Icandelo lesine libandakanya ubuninzi bencwadana yokubonelela ngenkqubo yokuxilonga kunye nenkcazo yesifo ngasinye. Iyakhupha ngezihlomelo ezilishumi elinanye.
Iingqinisiso zokuxilongwa kwi-Bipolar Disorder
I-Bipolar Disorder yi-Axis I disorder ngaphakathi kwinqanaba leengxaki zengqondo. Kukho iintlobo ezine zokuphazamiseka kwemizwelo - ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa ngenxa yesifo sengqondo kunye nesifo sengqondo esishukumisayo.
Le ncwadana iyaqonda ezine iintlobo zeengxaki ze-bipolar. Uhlobo oluthile lwesifo sengqondo se-bipolar luyabonakala kwabanye ngokubaluleka kweziganeko ezikhoyo.
- Iingxaki zeBipolar
- Iziqendu
Ikusasa le-DSM
Ngo-1999, i-APA ihlangene neZiko leSizwe leMpilo yengqondo ukusebenzisana ngokuqokelela i-DSM-V. Nangona kunjalo, iqela elisebenzayo le nkqubo liye lahlanganisana ne-back-backs and controversies, eliye labambezela ukupapashwa kwe-DSM elandelayo.
Okwangoku, umhla ojoliswe kuwo ngowama-2012.
Imithombo:
Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMelika (2000). I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities, I-Fourth Edition Text Review (DSM-IV-TR TM ).
Holmes, DS (2001). Psychology engavamile. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
IKendall, i-PC, ne-Hammen, C. (1998). I-Psychology engaqhelekanga: Ukuqonda iingxaki zabantu. I-Boston, MA: Inkampani yeHowonon Mifflin.