Iimpembelelo Zamava njani Uphuhliso lwabantwana
Ukususela kumzuzwana iintsana zizalwe, amava azivala aqala ukudlala indima ekuphuhliseni. Nangona amava okuqala asekelwe ngokubanzi kwingcaciso enengqondo, ukusingqongileyo kuyaqhubeka nefuthe elinamandla kwimpumelelo ebomini. I-Genetics ithatha indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni, kodwa amava alinganayo ngokufanayo. Ngokomzekelo, i-genetics inokuchaphazela indlela ubuchopho bomntwana bubuhlungu ngayo ekuzalweni, kodwa ukufunda kunye namava achaza ngokoqobo ukuba ubuchopho bomntwana bukhula kwaye bukhula.
Ezinye zeenkcazo zakudala zengqondo zigxininise ukubaluleka kwamava kunye nendlela ekubunjwa ngayo ukuziphatha nobuntu. Iingqungquthela ezintathu zeengcamango ezichazayo kwaye zichaze indlela abantwana abafunda ngayo ziquka:
- Isimo sokufunda : Olu hlobo lokufunda lubandakanya ukwenza umbutho phakathi kokuvuselela nokuphendula. Nangona unolwazi oludlula kuphela lwezengqondo, amathuba ukuba mhlawumbi uvile ngeenja zikaPavlov . Kwimvavanyo yeklasi, isazi sezilwanyana zaseRussia u-Ivan Pavlov safumanisa ukuba ukuphindaphinda ngokuphindaphindiweyo isandi senkonzo yokutya kubangela ukuba izinja zidibanise ithoni ngokwayo ngokutya. Emva kokuba iqumrhu lenziwe, isandi sentsimbi yedwa ingenza izinja ziqalise ukukhawuleza ngokulindela isidlo. Abantwana bafunda ngendlela efanayo, ukuphuhlisa imibutho phakathi kwezinto ezinokusingqongileyo kunye nemiphumo engenzeka. Ngokomzekelo, umntwana usenokuqalisa ngokukhawuleza ukudibanisa nembono yebhotile yebhotile ngokutya.
- Isimo sokusebenza : Xa uvuza umendo , amathuba ukuba ukuziphatha okufanayo kuya kwenzeka kwakhona kwixesha elizayo. Xa ukuziphatha kuhlawuliswa, kuba yinto encinci ukuba iya kuphinda ivele kwakhona. Le migaqo igxininisa ingcamango yokusebenza, isethi yamacandelo okufunda esebenzisa ukuqiniswa kunye nokuhlwaywa kwanda okanye ukunciphisa impendulo. Umzekelo, xa umntwana evuzwa ngokucoca igumbi lakhe, uya kuba lula ukuphindaphinda ukuziphatha okufanayo kamva.
- Ukufunda ngokuqwalasela : Njengoko unokulindela, abantwana banokufunda ngokubanzi ukujonga abazali babo, oontanga kunye nabantakwabo. Nokuba iziganeko abazijonga kumabonwakude, imidlalo yevidiyo kunye ne-intanethi kunokuchaphazela iingcamango zabo nezenzo zabo. Ngenxa yokuba ukufunda okunamandla kunamandla, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantwana baqwalasela ukuziphatha okufanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo wokuziphatha kakuhle kunye neempendulo ezifanelekileyo, abazali bangaqiniseka ukuba abantwana babo bafunda indlela yokuziphatha ngokufanelekileyo.
Ezinye Iintlobo Zamava
Ukongezelela kwiintlobo zokufunda ezenzeka rhoqo ngosuku, kukho amanye amava angabamba indima enkulu ekubunzeni intuthuko yabantwana. Amava abazali kunye nabanye abanonophelo abonelela ngethuba leminyaka yokuqala yobomi bentwana linokubaluleke kakhulu. Nangona abanye abantwana befumana ubunzima bokufumana abantwana kubantwana abaphendulayo, abanenkathalo kunye nokunyamekela, abanye abantwana banokufumana ingqalelo encinci kwaye abazali babo bangaphazamiseka ngokukhathazeka ngemali, umsebenzi okanye ubudlelwane.
Njengoko unokucinga, amava ahlukeneyo anokuba nempembelelo ephawulekayo kwindlela aba bantwana abakhula ngayo. Abantwana abakhuliswa kwimihlaba yokukhusela banokukhuseleka, banokuzithemba kwaye banako ukujongana nemingeni elandelayo, ngelixa abo bakhuliswa kwisetyenziselwano esincinci kangangoko banokuziva bexhalabele kwaye bangakwazi ukujamelana nobunzima bokuphila.
Oontanga
Nangona amava asekuqaleni ebantwini angabandakanyeka kumalungu entsapho, oku kungekudala kuya kwandisa kwezinye iindawo kwindawo yokudlala, kwindawo yokuhlala kunye nasezikolweni. Ngenxa yokuba abantwana bachitha ixesha elininzi besebenzisana noontanga esikolweni, kungenakwenzeka ukuba abanye abantwana banempembelelo enkulu kwingqondo yengqondo nokuphuhliswa kwengqondo. Abantwana bathonywa kakhulu ngabaontanga babo, kwaye amava okuhlalisana nawo anceda ukuma ixabiso lomntwana nobuntu. Ulwalamano lwabahlobo lunokuba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni, zombini kwiindlela ezilungileyo nezimbi. Ukuxhatshazwa ngokukhethekileyo kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kumathuba omntwana wokukhula.
LeMfundo
Isikolo senza inxalenye enkulu yobomi bomntwana. Ootitshala nabafundi abafunda nabo badlala indima enkulu ekwenzeni amava omntwana, kwaye abafundisi kunye nokufunda bayeke uphawu lwabo ekuphuhliseni. Khumbula ukuba i-genetics kunye nendalo ihlala isetyenziswa ngendlela enamandla. Imvelaphi yemfuza yomntwana izakuchaphazela amandla akhe okufunda, kodwa amava amaziko asemgangathweni anokuphucula ezi zinto. Abanye abantwana banokujamelana nokukhubazeka kokufunda okubangelwa yimfuza, kodwa ukungenelela kwemfundo esemgangathweni kunokunceda abantwana bafunde kwaye benze kakuhle esikolweni.
I nkcubeko
Njengoko ubonile ngoku, kukho iimpembelelo ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinokudlala indima kwindlela umntwana akhula ngayo kunye nomntu ekugqibeleni abe. Inkcubeko umntwana ahlala kuyo yongezelela enye into kwi mix mix edibeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, abazali abakhulisa abantwana kwiinkcubeko ngabanye banokugxila ekuncedeni abantwana babo ukuba babe nokuzimela nokuzithemba, ngelixa abazali beenkcubeko zobudlelwane banakho ukugxininisa ukubaluleka koluntu, intsapho kunye noluntu.
Ngaphandle kwenkcubeko efanayo, ukuhluka kwizinto ezifana nesimo sezenhlalakahle, ingeniso, kunye nemvelaphi yemfundo kunokuchaphazela indlela abantwana abakhuliswa ngayo. Abazali abanomvuzo ophezulu banokukhathazeka ngakumbi ngokufumana abantwana babo kwizikolo ezizimeleyo ezizimeleyo, ngelixa abazali abangenayo imali encinci bechitha ixesha elixhalabileyo malunga nokuba ngaba zifunwa zidingo zabo ezingundoqo. Ukungalingani okunjalo kunokukhokelela ekuchaseni okungafaniyo kumava, okuya kuba nefuthe elinamandla kwindlela abantwana abakhula ngayo.
Iingcamango zokugqibela malunga neZakhono zoLuntu kwiNtuthuko yabantwana
Nangona inkcubeko inokudlala indima enkulu kwindlela umntwana akhuliswa ngayo, kusabalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba kukusebenzisana kweempembelelo ezichaza indlela umntwana ekhula ngayo. I-Genetics, iimpembelelo zendalo, iindlela zokubeletha , abahlobo, ootitshala, izikolo kunye nenkcubeko ngokubanzi zizinto ezithile ezibalulekileyo ezidibanisa iindlela ezahlukileyo zokumisela indlela umntwana aqhubela ngayo kunye nomntu abaya kuba nawo.
Iingxelo
Berk, LE (2009). Uphuhliso lwabantwana. Ngomhla we-8. I-United States of America: I-Pearson Education, Inc.
Hockenbury, D., & Hockenbury, SE (2007). Ukufumanisa i-Psychology. ENew York, NY: Abaxabisi abafanelekileyo.
Kail, RE (2006), Abantwana kunye nophuhliso lwabo (4 ed.), EPrentice Hall.
Levine, RA (1988). Ukunyamekela kwabazali: Iinjongo zendalo, izicwangciso zenkcubeko, ukuziphatha komntu. Kwi-RA Levine, PM Miller, & MM West (Eds.). Ukuziphatha kwabazali kwiintlanga ezahlukeneyo. ISan Francisco: uJossey-Bass.