Uxinzelelo lweengxaki zoxinzelelo

Ukuxilongwa ngaphambi kwePTSD

I-PTSD yimeko yempilo yengqondo ebonakalayo ebangelwa kukusasazeka kwesiganeko esibuhlungu, njengokulwa, ukuhlaselwa ngokwesini , ingozi yemoto okanye inhlekelele yendalo. Iimpawu zalo ziquka ubusuku, ukukhawuleza , ukungazinzi, ukukhungatheka, ubunzima beengxaki kunye nemizwa yokuhlukana. Ukuze ufumane ukuxilongwa kwe-PTSD, isiguli kufuneka sibe neenombolo ezaneleyo zempawu kuzo zonke iindlela eziqhelekileyo.

Iimpawu kufuneka zibe nexinzelelo okanye zenze ukuba uxinzelelo olusebenzayo, njengokuphazamisana nomsebenzi womntu okanye ubudlelwane bakhe. Iimpawu kufuneka ukuba zenze ubuncinane inyanga enye ngaphambi kokuba umntu afumane i-PTSD.

Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu ziyakwazi ukubonakaliswa kwiiyure zexinzelelo. Kuthetha ukuthini oko ngokubhekiselele kwimpilo yengqondo yokuxilongwa kumntu ophila kunye nemiphumo emva yentleba? Ukuba loo mntu ubandezeleka, yiyiphi iimeko ezixhamla kuzo ukuba zisemva kakhulu ukuxilonga i-PTSD?

Impendulo mhlawumbi isifo sengxaki esichukumisayo (ASD), esingafunyanwa ngokukhawuleza emva kwelanga lesithathu emva kokuxhatshazwa koluhlungu.

Ukuxakeka koxinzelelo lwengxaki kwiCastral Discover

Njengengxaki ye-PTSD, ukukhathazeka ngokugqithiseleyo kufuneke ukuba umntu angene ngqo okanye angakhange ahlaselwe yintlungu , njengokuba kuvezwe ekufeni okanye kusongela ukufa; ukulimala kakhulu; okanye ukuhlukumeza ngokwesondo. Kukho iindidi ezine zokuchasana: ngokukhawuleza uhlangabezana noxinzelelo; ukunikela ubungqina, kumntu, iziganeko ezibuhlungu ezenzeka kwabanye abantu; ukufunda ukuba ilungu losapho okanye umhlobo osondeleyo ubandakanyeke kwisiganeko esibuhlungu ngaphandle kokuzifakazela ngokwakhe; okanye ukuvezwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiinkcukacha zesiganeko esibuhlungu, ngokuqhelekileyo kwinkqubo yengqesho.

Nangona kunjalo, ngelixa i-PTSD inemilinganiselo ekhethekileyo kwiindidi ezine ezahlukeneyo zeempawu, kunye nenani elithile leempawu ezifunekayo ukuba zibe namava kwinqanaba ngalinye, kunomlinganiselo omncinci weempawu eziqhelekileyo ukuba umntu obonisa nge-ASD enokwenzeka kufuneka abe nayo ukuze ku fu maneka.

Kukho iimpawu ezilishumi elinesine ezidweliswe kwi-ASD; umntu ongaphezu kweminyaka emithandathu kufuneka abe neyesithoba kubo. Njenga-PTSD, i-criteria ye-ASD ye-diagnosis ye-ASD kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emithandathu ihlukile.

Izimpawu ezinokwenzeka zilandelayo:

1. Imiva ephindaphindiweyo, engabonakaliyo kunye nengenangqondo yokukhathazeka yeso siganeko esibuhlungu.
2. Iphupha eliphindaphindiweyo, elixakekayo apho umxholo kunye / okanye ukuthintela kwiphupha kuhambelana nomcimbi.
3. Ukutshintsha kwe-dissociative (i-flashbacks) apho umntu evakalelwa khona okanye enza njengokuba isiganeko esibuhlungu sasiqhubeka.
4. Uxinzelelo olunzulu okanye olude lwengqondo okanye ukuphazamiseka komzimba ekuphenduleni iimpawu zangaphakathi okanye zangaphandle ezifanekisela okanye zifana nomxholo wesiganeko esibuhlungu.
5. Ukungakwazi ukuqhubeka nokuvakalelwa.
6. Ingqondo eguqulwe yinyani yeendawo ezizungezile okanye umntu ngokwakhe, njengokwindawo yokubamba; uzive ngathi ixesha liye linciphisa; okanye ukuzibona ngokwakho komnye umntu.
7. Ukungakwazi ukukhumbula into ebalulekileyo yesiganeko esibuhlungu, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa ye-amnesia ye-dissociative.
8. Imizamo yokuphepha iingcamango eziphazamisayo, iingcamango okanye iimvakalelo malunga, okanye ezihambelana naso, isiganeko esibuhlungu.
9. Imizamo yokuphepha izikhumbuzo zangaphandle (abantu, indawo, iingxoxo, imisebenzi, izinto, imeko) ezivusa iimbuliso ezinzima, iingcamango okanye iimvakalelo malunga nokuba, okanye ezihambelana naso, isiganeko esibuhlungu.

1. Ukuphazamiseka kokulala njengobunzima bokuwa okanye ukulala; okanye ukulala ubuthongo.
2. Ukuziphatha kakubi kunye nokuvutha komsindo (ngokuncinci okanye kungabikho nto) ngokuqhelekileyo kubonakaliswa njengobundlobongela okanye umlomo kubantu okanye izinto.
3. Ukunyaniseka .
4. Iingxaki ngokugxininisa.
5. Impendulo yokusasazeka.

Uninzi lweempawu ze-ASD zifana neempawu ezidweliswe kwiCriteria B nge-E ye-PTSD yokungena kwiNcwadana yokuHlola kunye neSatistim of Disabilities (DSM-5). Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukungafani, ngokukodwa ugxininiso lweempawu ezixhamlayo kwi-ASD. Oku kubonisa ukulandelwa kweendlela zokuxilonga ze-ASD ezitholakala kwi-DSM-IV-TR (i-edited edition).

Le nguqulo yayigxininise kakhulu kwiipasiti zokuhlukana, kuluhlu lweempawu ezinqamlekileyo ezihlukeneyo, ezinokuthi isigulane kufuneka sinikeze ubuncinci besithathu.

Injongo yokuchonga i-ASD

Ekuqaleni, injongo yokuxilongwa komntu onesi-ASD yayiza kubalisela ngokuchanekileyo abo baza kuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa i-PTSD. Nangona kunjalo, ngelixa uninzi lwezigulane ezifumanekayo ezine-ASD ziyaqhubeka nokuphuhlisa i-PTSD, akunakutsholwa ukuba ezininzi izigulane ze-PTSD ziqale zivele nge-ASD. Kunoko, uninzi lwabantu ekugqibeleni lufumene i-PTSD alubonakali ekuqaleni nge-ASD.

Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokungabikho kokulungelelaniswa kwezikhokelo. I-DSM-IV-TR igxininise kakhulu kwi-dissociation, ngokusekelwe kwisicatshulwa esingafanelekanga sokuthi iimpendulo ezingenayo i-dissociative kwi-trauma zazibaluleke kakhulu ukuxela kwangaphambili i-psychopathology. Ukuxhomekeka kokuxhatshazwa njengento yokuqhelanisa kubangele ukungaphumeleli ukugxila ekuvukeleni okukrakra ngexesha loxinzelelo, oluthile uphando lubonisa ukuba lunxibelelwano olubalulekileyo phakathi kobuhlungu kunye nokuphuhlisa i-PTSD. Ekugqibeleni, kwaye ngokugqithiseleyo, uphando olongezelelweyo malunga nolwalamano phakathi kwe-ASD kunye ne-PTSD lubonakalise ukuba uphuhliso lwe-PTSD luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kwaye luxubusha kunokuba lucinga kuqala. Ukuphuhliswa kwe-PTSD ayikho emthethweni. Ezinye iziphumo ziye zafumanisa iindlela ezine ezikhethiweyo zeziqulatho: iqela elinqabileyo, elinemiqondiso embalwa kunoma yiphina indawo; iqela lokubuyiselwa, eliqala ukubonisa inani elithile leempawu eziye zaphela; iqela lokuphendula elilibaziseko, elibonisa iimpawu ezimbalwa ekuqaleni kodwa ekugqibeleni libonisa iimpawu ezininzi ezibalulekileyo; kunye neqela elibuhlungu elingapheliyo, elihlala libonisa ngamaqondo aphakamileyo.

Nangona i-ASD ingasetyenziswanga njengento yokuqwalasela i-PTSD yexesha elizayo, kubalulekile ukujongana neempawu ngokukhawuleza xa zivela. Ukunyanzeliswa kwexesha elifutshane ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwintlungu kwaye kuye kwinjongo efanelekileyo njengoko kunokukunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo oluya kuba lukhuni.

> Imithombo:

> UBryant RA, uCreamer M, et al. Isifundo seMultisite soBungakanani beCress Disorder Diagnosis ukuqikelela ukuPhathwa kweNgxaki ye-posttraumatic. Umbhalo we-Clinical Psychiatry. 2008 Juni; 69 (6): 923-9.

> Bryant RA1, Friedman MJ, et al. Ukuphononongwa kwengxaki yokuxinwa kwengxaki kwi-DSM-5. Ukuxinezeleka nokuxhalabisa. 2011 Sep; 28 (9): 802-17.