Ingxelo kaGeorge Kelly yoBuntu
Ukwakhiwa komntu ngokwakho kubonisa ukuba abantu bahlakulela ngokwabo malunga nendlela umhlaba usebenza ngayo. Abantu basebenzise ezi zakhiwa ukwenza ingqiqo yazo kunye namava.
Ihlabathi esiphila kulo lifana nathi sonke, kodwa indlela esiyifumana ngayo iyahlukileyo kumntu ngamnye. Ngokomzekelo, cinga ukuba wena nomhlobo wakho uya kuhamba epakini kwaye ubona inja enkulu ebomvu.
Ngokukhawuleza ubone isilwanyana esinobubele nesithandekayo ongathanda ukuyifumana. Umhlobo wakho, ngakwelinye icala, ubona isilwanyana esisongelayo afuna ukusiphepha. Ngaba abantu ababini banokuchazwa ngokuthe ngqo kweso siganeko?
Ngokutsho kwengcali yeengqondo uGeorge Kelly , ubuntu luqulunqwe ngokwakhiwa kweengqondo ezahlukahlukeneyo apho umntu ngamnye ejonga izinto eziyinyani. UKelly wayekholelwa ukuba umntu ngamnye wayefana nososayensi. Njengososayensi, sifuna ukuqonda ihlabathi elisijikelezayo, senze izibikezelo malunga nento eya kwenzeka emva koko, kwaye wenze amaqhinga ukuba achaze imicimbi.
Indlela Eyona Ngayo Yakhe Yakha Iingcamango Zisebenza?
UKelly wayekholelwa ukuba siqala ngokuhlakulela isakhiwo sezakhe, ezona zibonakaliso zengqondo esizisebenzisayo ukutshintsha iziganeko. Ezi zakhiwo zisekelwe kumava kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwethu.
Ngexesha le-1950 leminyaka, iingcamango zokuziphatha nezengqondo zisaqhubeka ziphezulu kwizengqondo .
UKelly wacebisa indlela yakhe yokwakha eyona nto njengombono oye waphuma kule mibini ebalulekileyo.
Esikhundleni sokubukela abantu njengemibandela engathandabuzekiyo eyayisetyenziselwa imibutho, ukuqiniswa , kunye nezohlwayo abaye bahlangabezana nazo kwiindawo zabo (ukuziphatha) okanye ukungazi kakuhle kwabo kunye namava abantwana (psychoanalysis), uKelly wayekholelwa ukuba abantu bathatha inxaxheba ekusebenzeni baqokelela nokutolika ulwazi.
"Ukuziphatha akusiyo impendulo kumbuzo weengqondo. ngumbuzo, "wacetyiswa.
Njengoko siphila ubomi bethu, senza "iimvavanyo" ezibeka iinkolelo zethu, iingcamango kunye nokutolika kwiimvavanyo. Ukuba iimvavanyo zethu zisebenza, ziqinisa zethu iinkolelo zangoku. Xa bengenako, sinako ukutshintsha iimbono zethu.
Yintoni eyenza ezo zakhiwa zibaluleke kangaka? Kuba ngokutsho kukaKelly, sibhekana nehlabathi nge "lens" yokwakha kwethu. Ezi zakhiwa zisetyenziselwa ukuqikelela nokulindela iziganeko, ezize zenze iziganeko zethu, iimvakalelo kunye neengcamango.
UKelly wayekholelwa ukuba zonke iziganeko ezenzekayo zivulekele ukutolika ezininzi, okubhekiselele kuzo njengendlela yokutshintsha. Xa sizama ukwenza ingqiqo isiganeko okanye imeko, wacebisa ukuba sinakho ukukhetha nokukhetha ukuba yeyiphi into esiyifunayo. Ngamanye amaxesha kwenzeka ngathi isiganeko siqhubeka, kodwa sinokubuyela emuva kumava ethu kwaye ukhethe ukuwajonga ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Sisebenzisa njani ukwakha?
UChelen wayekholelwa ukuba inkqubo yokusebenzisa izakhiwo isebenza ngendlela efanayo inzululwazi isebenzisa inkolelo. Okokuqala, siqala ngokuxokisa ukuba isakhiwo esithile siya kusebenza kwisiganeko esithile.
Emva koko sivavanya le ngcamango ngokusebenzisa ukwakhiwa nokuchaza kwangaphambili umphumo. Ukuba ukubikezela kwethu kuchanekile, ngoko siyazi ukuba ukwakhiwa kuyiluncedo kule meko kwaye siyayigcina ngokusetyenziswa kwexesha elizayo.
Kodwa kwenzeka ntoni ukuba iziprofeto zethu azifezeki? Singaqwalasela kwakhona indlela kwaye sisebenzisa njani ukwakhiwa, sinokuthi sitshintshile ukwakha, okanye sinokugqiba isigqibo sokushiya ngokupheleleyo ukwakha.
I-Recurrences ibamba indima ebalulekileyo ekwakheni isicatshulwa somntu siqu. Ukwakhiwa kubonakala kuba kubonakalisa izinto eziphindaphindiweyo kumava ethu. UKelly naye wayekholelwa ukuba ukuzakhela kubonakala kulungelelaniswa ngendlela ephakamileyo.
Ngokomzekelo, izakhiwo ezingundoqo zingaphula kunye nokusekwa kolawulo oluphezulu, ngelixa iindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye nezingabonakaliyo zingafumaneka kumanqanaba aphezulu.
UKelly wayenokholo lokuba ukwakhiwa kwe-bipolar; Ngokwenene, nganye yakha iqulethwe ngamabini amabini aphikisanayo. Eminye imizekelo ibandakanya "ukusebenzisana ngokukodwa," "ngokuzinzileyo ngokubhekiselele ekutshintsheni," kunye "nobudlelwane kunye nobudlelwane." Icala lomntu elisebenzayo kwisiganeko liyaziwa njengepolisi ephumayo. Icala elingasetyenziswanga ngokuthe ngqo yipolisi.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukugxininiswa kumntu ngamnye kwimbono yokwakha eyakhe. Ukwakhiwa kubomntu ngokwaso ngenxa yokuba kusekelwe kumava obomi bomntu ngamnye. Inkqubo yomntu ngamnye yokwakha iyingqayizivele, kwaye luhlobo loluntu lwamava olwenza umehluko phakathi kwabantu.
Imiba
- "Ngaba umntu ongeyena mntu, ngamnye ngendlela yakhe siqu, unokucinga ngaphezulu kwesigqirha senzululwazi, efuna ukubikezela nokulawula ikhosi yeziganeko ebandakanyekayo? Ngaba akayi kuba neengcamango zakhe, ahlole iimvavanyo zakhe, kwaye ulinganise ubungqina bakhe bokuhlola? Nangabe kunjalo, akunjalo ukungafani phakathi kweembono zabantu abahlukeneyo kuhambelana nendawo ekhoyo phakathi kweengcamango zembono zezobugcisa ezahlukeneyo? "
(UKelly, 1963) - "UKelly wayekholelwa ukuba abantu banesidingo esiqingqiweyo sokuxela iziganeko abazifumanayo. Benza oko ngokuphuhlisa indlela yokwakha eyakhe, abayisebenzisayo ukuyichaza okanye ukuyichaza imicimbi emitsha. Ukwakhiwa kuvela kwizinto eziphindaphindiweyo kumava, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ziphuhliswa ngokwahlukileyo ngumntu ngamnye, inkqubo yomntu ngamnye yokwakha ihlukile. "
(UCarver & Scheier, 2000)
Imithombo:
Carver, CS, & Scheier, i-MF Perspectives kwi-Personality. Needham Heights, NJ: Allyn & Bacon; 2000.
UKelly, GA Inkcazo yobuntu: I-Psychology yeZakhe ezakhiweyo. ENew York: WW Norton & Inkampani; 1963.