Inkumbulo ye-Episodic iyinxalenye yememori yesikhathi eside equka ukukhumbula iziganeko ezithile, iimeko kunye namava. Izinkumbulo zakho ngosuku lwakho lokuqala lwesikolo, ukubanga kwakho kokuqala, ukuya kwindibano yokuzalwa yomhlobo kunye nokugqweswa komntakwenu yonke imimiselo yezikhumbuzo ze-episodic. Ukongeza kokukhumbula kwakho konke okwenzekayo kweso siganeko, kubandakanya imemori yakho yendawo kunye nexesha apho kwenzeka khona isiganeko.
Ngokumalunga ngoku nento abaphandi abhekisela kuyo njengememori yezinto ezizimelayo okanye imemori yakho yembali yobomi bakho. Njengoko unokucinga, iinkumbulo ze-episodic ne-autobiographical zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuziphatheni kwakho.
Ukujonga ngakumbi kwiNkumbulo ye Episodic
Khawucinge ukuba ufumana ifowuni evela kumhlobo wekholeji endala. Uhlangana kunye nosuku ngolunye usuku uze uchithe ngokuhlwa ukukhumbula ngezihlandlo ezininzi ezihlekisayo kwiintsuku zakho kwiyunivesithi. Iinkumbulo zakho zonke ezo ziganeko kunye namava athile ziyimimiselo yeememoridic memory.
Ezi zikhumbuzo ze-episodic zibalulekile kuba zikuvumela ukuba ukhumbule amava akho ayingxenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bakho. Ezi zikhumbuzo zinikeza ingqiqo yembali yakho kunye nomlando owabelwana ngawo nabanye abantu ebomini bakho.
Inkumbulo ye-episodi kunye nenkumbulo ye-semantic iyinxalenye yokwahlula imemori eyaziwa njengememori ecacileyo okanye ebhengezayo .
Imemori ye-Semantic xa ijolise kwilwazi jikelele malunga nehlabathi kwaye iquka amaqiniso, iingcamango kunye neengcamango. Inkumbulo ye-Episodic, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iquka ukukhumbula izinto ezithile zokuphila.
Inkumbulo ye-episodic yamagama yaqala ngokuqaliswa ngu-Endel Tulving ngo-1972 ukuhlukanisa phakathi kolwazi oluchanileyo (imemori yeememori) nokukhumbula iziganeko ezidlulileyo (imemoridi yememori).
Iintlobo zeeNkumbulo zeeSpisodic
Kukho inani leentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeememori ezikhunjulwe ngabantu.
Ezi ziquka:
Iimbulelo zeempawu zeemeko ezithile. Ezi ziquka iinkumbulo zeziganeko ezithile kwiimbali zomntu ngamnye. Ukukhumbula ukubamba kwakho kokuqala ngumzekelo wememori ethile ye-episodic.
Iikhumbuzo zama-Episodic of personal facts. Ukwazi ukuba ngubani uMongameli unyaka owatshatileyo, ukwenza kunye nemodeli yemoto yakho yokuqala kunye negama lomphathi wakho wokuqala yiyo yonke imizekelo yezinto ezizikhumbuzayo zokukhumbula.
Iimbulelo zeempawu zeemeko eziqhelekileyo. Ukukhumbula ukuba ubuthongo luva njani ngumzekelo waloo mzekelo jikelele wememori. Awunikhumbuli ngamnye kumanga ngamnye owake wabelana naye, kodwa uyayikhumbula into evakalelwa ngayo ngokusekelwe kumava akho.
Ekugqibeleni, iinkumbulo ze-flashbulb zicacile kwaye zicaciswe "ezintle" ezinxulumene nokufumanisa iindaba ezibalulekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha le mizuzu ingaba yinto ephakamileyo, njengomzuzu owafumanisa ukuba ugogo wakho wafa. Kwezinye iimeko, le nkumbulo ingabelana ngabantu abaninzi kwiqela loluntu. Izihlandlo ozifumene malunga nokuhlaselwa kwe-9/11 okanye ukuhlaselwa kwethematika ye-concert yaseParis yimimiselo yeenkcukacha ze-flashbulb.
Indlela yokukhumbula iMemoridi kunye neMemori yeMemori yokuSebenzisana kunye
Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba imemoridi yokukhumbula iyakwazi ukuxhomekeka kwimemori. Kwimisebenzi yokufunda, abathathi-nxaxheba benza ngcono xa ulwazi olutsha luhambelana nolwazi lwangaphambili, olubonisa ukuba ulwazi lwesa semantic lomsebenzi lubonelela ngesakhelo sohlobo olutsha lwee-episodic learning.
Abathathi-nxaxheba bacelwa ukuba bakhumbule amaxabiso okutya. Abo beqela lolawulo babenokukwazi ukukhumbula ezi xabiso xa ulwazi olutsha luhambelana neememori zabo ezikhoyo zezinto zokutya. Abathathi-nxaxheba be-Amnesiac kwiqela lokulinga , nangona kunjalo, benza okubi ngakumbi ekukhunjuleni ulwazi olutsha kuba babengenakho ukufikelela kwiinkcukacha ze-episodic kwixesha labo elidlulileyo.
Ngokuchasene, abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba iimbuliso zeengxelo zidlala indima ekufunyaneni izikhumbuzo zesimem. Kwimizamo apho bathathi-nxaxheba baceliwe ukuba bavelise uluhlu lwezinto kwiindidi ezithile, abo babekwazi ukuncika kwiimemori ezingabonakaliyo ezibhetele kunokuba bathathi-nxaxheba be-amnesiac abangazange bakwazi ukufikelela kwiikhumbuzo ze-episodic.
Imithombo:
IGreenberg, iDL, Keane, MM, Verfaellie, M. (2009). Udidi olungenakukhubazeka ngokukhawuleza kwimizuzu ye-lobe amnesia yexesha elidlulileyo: Inxaxheba yesikhumbuzo se-episodic. Umbhalo we-Neuroscience, 29 (35), 10900-10908. I-doi: 10.1523 / JNEUROSCI.1202-09.2009.
Kan, IP, Alexander, MP, & Verfaillie, M. (2009). Umrhumo wolwazi lwe-semantic ngaphambi kokufunda kwe-episodic entsha kwi-amnesia. I-Journal ye-Cognitive Neuroscience, 21, 938-944.
I-Tulving, E. (1972). Inkumbulo ye-Episodic kunye ne-semantic. E E. Tulving noW. W. Donaldson (Ed.), Umbutho weMemori (iphe. 381-402). ENew York: I-Press Press.
I-Tulving, E. (1983). Izinto zeMemoridi. I-Oxford: I-Press yeClarendon.