Iingcamango zonyango loxhathozo lusekelwe kwingcamango yokuba abantu basebenzisa izinto, njengotywala kunye neziyobisi, okanye iimpembelelo zokuziphatha eziluthayo, ezifana nokutya okanye ukugembula, ukuhlawulela iingxaki ezingundoqo ezingaphathwa kakuhle. Iingcamango zonyango ngokuqhelekileyo zibhekisela kwiingxaki zokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa , kodwa ingasetyenziselwa ukungabikho kweziyobisi okanye izilingo zokuziphatha .
Yintoni i-Theory of Medicine Theory?
I-self-medication hypothesis yaqala ukuvela kwiimagazini zonyango ngee-1970, njengoko iiklinikhi zaqaphela ukuba i- heroin eziluthayo zazisebenzisa isichengisi ukuze zijamelane neengxaki ezinjengexinzelelo kunye nesizungu. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni imbono yokuba ukusebenzisa iziyobisi kuqhubeka njengendlela yokujamelana noxinzelelo ngokungabikho kwezisombululo ezaneleyo kunye nolwalamano olusisiseko kuluntu.
Le ngcamango yafumana ukukhawuleza njengoko kwaqatshelwa ukuba amaninzi amaninzi anikezelwe ukugula okusemthethweni afana neziyobisi zokuzonwabisa. Kwakuqhutyelwa ngakumbi ngokunyuka kwenyango kuluntu lwezonyango ukuba inambuzane, iminyaka emininzi ithathwa njengesichengululo sokuzonwabisa, inezinto ezininzi zokwelapha. Iingcamango zithi, ngezinye iimeko, ezinjengeentlungu ezingapheliyo, imishanguzo enqununu ingabinelisekanga okanye ingxaki, kwaye ke abasebenzisi be-marijuana abanesifo esingapheliyo nje bazinyango.
Oku kukhokelela ekugqibeleni inambuzane yezokwelapha ngokufumaneka kwi-odokotela kwezinye iindawo zokunyanga kweemeko ezithile.
Iimpendulo kwiTheory-Self-Medication Theory
Iingcamango zonyango ziyaziwa ngokugqithiseleyo kubantu abaxhatshazwayo kunye nabaqeqeshi ababaphathayo. Ngelixa abanye abathi bathatha umgca onzima kumakhoboka bayakholelwa ukuba i-theory ye-self-medication iyisizathu sokuziphatha okungenakuziphendulela, abaninzi abaqeqeshi bezobugqirha bafumanisa ukuba luncedo kubantu abaguqukayo kwizinto kunye neendlela abaziphethe ngayo kwaye bangela ukuba iingxaki zilawulwe ngakumbi. imishanguzo yonyango ejongene neengxaki ngqo.
Uxinzelelo, ngokomzekelo, unokuphathwa ngempumelelo ngamachiza okuxhatshazwayo, ukukhulula umntu ekufuneni induduzo yemoya ekukhuseleni.
Iingcamango zinobubele kubantu abanezidakamizwa, ngokukodwa abasebenzisi bokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Ayibonakali njengento ebuthathaka, kodwa njengengxaki yokulungisa iingxaki, abazama ukuzalisa ikhefu eseleyo ngokukhetha okunyanga.
I-theory yonyango iyanceda kwakhona kwinkqubo yokwelapha, njengoko inika indlela ecacileyo yokuxhatshaza okudibanisa abaqeqeshi kunye nabantu abajongene nezilingo. Baneenjongo ezabelwana ngazo zokuphatha kakuhle ingxaki engundoqo, kwaye banokusebenzisana ukufezekisa oku.
Nangona kunjalo, abanye bathi inkolelo ingabinceda abasebenzisi beziyobisi abangekho mthethweni ngenye yembopheleleko kwiingxaki zabo. Olunye umqathango othathwa ngokubhekiselele kwi-self-medication theory kukuba ngokubambisana ukuba abantu abanezidakamizwa bazonyango, i-theory igunyazisa ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, kunye neyeza ngokuqhelekileyo, njengendlela yokusombulula iingxaki zemvakalelo. Abantu abaninzi abaye bafumana inkqubo yokuziyeka bazive ukuba nayiphi na into yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, kuquka imichiza, ivumela abantu ukuba baphephe ukujongana nemiba engokwengqondo baze baqinise ukuphika.
Ngomxholo ngale nto, i-theory yeyeza ukuqinisa imodeli yesifo somlutha. Kuqhuba umngcipheko wokunciphisa umba onzima wobugqirha, obandakanya ezininzi izinto zeengqondo nezentlalo, kwi-physiology ecocekileyo.
Ixesha elizayo le-Theory of Self-Medication Theory
Abantu abaninzi bahlala esidlangalaleni kunye nezilingo zabo. Umlutha kunye nonyango lwawo awusayi kuphonswa phantsi kwephephethi, kwaye le micimbi ibe yinto ebonakalayo kwimiboniso yangempela, njengokuthi "Ukungenelela." Abadumileyo kunye nabapolitiki baye bavuma ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi zangaphambili.
Ngenguqu enkulu yoluntu kunye nokuvuleka malunga nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nezilingo, uluntu luba nefuthe ngakumbi kubantu abanomlutha.
Intshukumo yobume bezonyango kunye nenyango yonyango yezokwelapha, ezo zombini ziye zanda kakhulu, zixhasa inkxaso yonyango. Le ngcamango iya kubamba indima ebalulekileyo kwiingcamango zangoku kunye nezizayo malunga nokulutha.
Imithombo:
I-Grinspoon MD, uL. ne-Bakalar, J. Marihuana: Uncedo olungapheliyo. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 1997.
I-Kasten RN, Ph.D., BP "Ukuzicoca ngamachiza kunye notywala ngabantu abanesifo esibi sengqondo." Umbhalo we-American Psychiatric Nurses Association 5: 80-87. 1999.
I-MD ye-Khantzian, i-EJ, i-Mack MD, i-JE ne-Schatzberg, i-AF "I-Heroin isebenzise njengenzame yokuhlangabezana nayo: Ngaba J Psychiatry 131: 160-164. 1974.
I-Khantzian, i-EJ "I-self-medication hypothesis yeziphazamiso zomlutha: jolisa kwi-heroin kunye nokuxhomekeka kwe-cocaine." Ngaba J Psychiatry 142: 1259-1264. 1985.