Iidakamizwa zeKlabhu Musa ukuzisindisa kwiZithembiso
Iimbozi zamagama ezizenzileyo zaziwa kakhulu kuma-1980s nakuma-1990 njengenxalenye yembalo "yombango" kunye ne "club" esaphuma kule minyaka. Igama elithi "izidakamizwa zezilwanyana" lihambelana nokuphakama kwindalo "yonkqonkqo" yonke into - ukusuka kwambatho ukuya kwiindlovu zekhaya ukuya kumayeza. Kodwa iziyobisi eziyiyobisi azizange zabizwe ngokuba ngabaqulunqi, kunoko, "zenzelwe" ukuphepha ukhuseleko lwezomthetho ngokuvelisa iziphumo ezifanayo kwalabo babonwa njengengozi ukuba babe ngabasemthethweni.
Ekuqaleni, eli gama lisetyenziswe ekubhekiseleleni kwiziyobisi ezadalwa ngamabomu ukulinganisa izidakamizwa ezidala kakubi, kodwa ngokubunjwa kweekhemikhali ezitshintshileyo, ukuze kulandelwe imithetho yeziyobisi . Ezi ziyobisi zazingenakwenziwa, zazivame ukuqhutywa kwiibhubhoratri ezingenakulawulwa kwaye ziyingozi kakhulu kwaye zingalindelekanga kwimiphumo yazo. Ubhubhane lweemeth kunye neengxaki zengqondo, ezengqondo nezentlalo zale minyaka elishumi edlulileyo zakhula kwi-movement-drug drugs movement.
Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi zokuzonwabisa kunye neNguqulelo entsha
Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, kukho ukwanda okukhulu kwindlela yokuzonwabisa kwezidakamizwa kwiindawo zokuzonwabisa zamabhoksi nakwii-raves, ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezinjenge-ecstasy kunye ne-amphetamines. Ngaloo ndlela, igama elithi "izixhobo zonyango" liye lisetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo njengegama elithi "izidakamizwa zeglabhu," ezinokuthi okanye zingabi ngabadakamizwa bezakhiwo ngokubhekiselele kwintsingiselo yalo yokuqala. Ngokucacileyo, i-amphetamines, ne-hallucinogens, ezifana ne- LSD , i-GHB, i-ketamine, i-rohypnol (izidakamizwa zokudlwengulwa komhla) kunye ne-PCP, ngokuqhelekileyo zibizwa ngokuba zizidakamizwa zokuyila.
Imithi ethile yonyango eqikelelweyo kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, imiphumo enqwenelekayo iqukwa rhoqo kwiqela lonyango loyilo, nangona bengabonakaliyo iziyobisi ngencazelo yokuqala. Amayeza adumile amayeza aquka izixilongo kunye nezidakamizwa ze-erectile ezifana ne-Viagra, esetyenziswa ngokubambisana kunye ne-meth kwiqela kunye neeseshoni zokudlala.
Iinguqu ezifanayo zemizimba zamachiza, ezihambelanayo intsingiselo yangaphambili yezilwanyana eziyilo, zingasetyenziselwa.
Izidakamizwa eziyizixhobo, kunye nezidakamizwa eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne- cocaine ne- meth , ziye zaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yecala lebhulabhu kunye nomdlalo weqela kunye nomdlalo, oye waphakama ekuthandeni kwaye wabangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Iqela kunye nokudlala lidibene ne-HIV ngokungabonakaliyo kunye nokungabonakaliyo xa abathathi-nxaxheba bephantsi kwefuthe le-meth ngokukodwa.
Ingcamango yokuba abasebenzisi beziyobisi bangakwazi ukulawula nokuguqula isimo sabo sengqondo ngentando, umzekelo, ukudanisa iiyure ngokunyameka, "ukuhla" kunye nenxilongo efana neValium, inqwenela kubaninzi abaziva benamandla oku "ukuyila" yabo okanye isimo sengqondo somntu usebenzisa iziyobisi. Abaninzi babecinga ukuba bakhululwe kwiingcamango zesithethe zabasebenzisi beziyobisi abangenamandla ngaphezu kokunyaniseka kwabo.
I-Realality of Designer iDrugs
Ukunyaniseka kwezilwanyana zonyango kukuba bahlala bengalindelekanga, kokubili kwimizi yamachiza kunye nangoko. Ukuthengwa kumthengisi weziyobisi akuqinisekisi ukuba uyafumana izilwanyana ozicelayo. Uninzi lweetyhefu kunye nokugqithiswa kwee- overdoses zenzekile ngenxa yesigwebo esilungileyo ekusebenziseni iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweyeza .
Izidakamizwa eziyizidalwa zenza ubunzima kunyango, ngokukodwa kwizigaba zokuqala eziqhelekileyo. Ngaphandle kokwazi oko kubangela ukuxiliswa komntu , kunzima ukulungisa ngokufanelekileyo imichiza efanelekileyo. Zininzi iziyobisi eziyilwayo nazo zilutha.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kukho ukuhlaziywa kwezidakamizwa ezizithengiswa kwi-Intanethi, ingakumbi iinguqulelo ze-Viagra, i-marijuana kunye ne-anabolic steroids. Ezi nguqulelo zokwenziwa kweziyobisi ezibonwayo zihamba nazo zonke iingozi ezivela kuqala kunye nezinye. Kwaye kungakhathaliseki ukuba izithembiso "eziphezulu zomthetho", ii-arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho ziyaqhubeka zichithwa kwiziyobisi ezithengiswa njengezilwanyana ezibonwayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni imveliso yemichiza.
Imithombo
Ummandla wezeMpilo oyiNtloko (BC). IziDakamizwa . I-Workshop ye-Addiction Professionals. 2001.
UFrances, R., Miller, S., noMack, A. (Abahleli). Iincwadi zeeNkcukacha zeNtsholongwane zoMngcipheko. Sithathu. ENew York: Guilford. 2005.
UMiller, W. kunye noCarroll, K. (Abahleli). Ukuxhatshazwa kweziyobisi. ENew York: Guilford. 2006.
Semple, S., Zians, J., Strathdee, S. & Patterson, T. "Iimpawu zokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kunye nokusebenzisa i-methamphetamine phakathi kwamadoda anesifo se-HIV abalala ngesondo kunye namadoda." Ukutshatyalaliswa kwezesondo Behav 38: 583-590. 2009.