I-Psychologist uRaymond Cattell iyaziwa ngokuba ngumzekelo wesimo salo- 16 , ukuhlakulela ingqiqo ye- intelligence kunye ne- intelligence cristalised , kunye nokusebenza kunye nohlalutyo oluninzi.
Obomi bakwangoko
URaymond Cattell wazalwa ngoMatshi 20, 1905, kwidolophu encinane eNgilandi. Wenza umdla kwinzululwazi ebusweni ebomini waza waba ngumntu wokuqala ovela kwintsapho yakhe ukuya kwikholeji, efumana i-BS yakhe kwikhemistry evela kwiKholeji yaseKumkani xa wayeneminyaka eyi-19 kuphela.
Emva kokufakazela ukubhujiswa kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, uCattell waba nomdla ekusebenziseni isayensi ukuxazulula iingxaki zabantu. Kwakhona waphonyelwa ngabanye abacinga ngelo xesha kuquka uGeorge Bernard Shaw, Aldous Huxley, kunye noHG Wells. Ufumene yakhe Ph.D. kwingqondo ye-University College yaseLondon ngo-1929.
Umsebenzi kunye nokufa
Emva kokufundisa iminyaka embalwa kwiYunivesithi ye-Exeter, uCatt wabizelwa ukuba afundise kwi-University of Columbia ngoovulindlela wengqondo kwengqondo u- Edward Thorndike . Ngowe-1938, waba nguprofesa kwiYunivesithi yaseClark, kwaye ngo-1941, wathuthela eHarvard emva kokumenywa nguGordon Allport . Ngo-1945, uCatt wathatha isikhundla kwiYunivesithi yase-Illinois apho wamisela isebe lophando. Ngelo xesha, isikolo sasikhulisa ikhompyutheni eyenza ukuba uCatell enze uhlalutyo lwezinto kwizinga elikhulu kunokuba kwakunokwenzeka ngaphambili.
Ngowe-1973, uCatter washiya umhlala-phantsi waseYunivesithi yase-Illinois waza wahlala eHawaii, apho waqhubeka efundisa, ebhala, kwaye ujabulele ukuthanda kwakhe ukuhamba ngomkhumbi.
Wafa ngoFebruwari 2, 1998.
Igalelo kwiNzululwazi
Ukongezelela kophando lwakhe ngobuntu , ukukhuthazwa , kunye nobunzima, umsebenzi kaCatter kunye nohlalutyo oluninzi luye lwashiya uphawu lokuhlala kwimiqondo yengqondo. Nangona uphando lwangaphambili kwengqondo lugxile ekutheni ufunde iziganeko ezizimeleyo, uCattell wayiphayona uhlalutyo oluninzi oluye lwavumela abaphandi ukuba bajonge abantu ngokubanzi kunye nezifundo zokuziphatha zabantu ezingenakufundiswa kwisicwangciso sebhu.
UCattell uyaziwa ngokubaluleka kwezinto zakhe ezili-16, apho yena kunye nabalingane abaninzi abasebenzisa uhlalutyo lwezinto ukuba bachonge izixhobo ezili-16 eziphambili zobuntu. Emva koko waphucula imibuzo ye-16PF yobuntu, esasetyenziswa kakhulu namhlanje.
UCattell wathonya nomsebenzi wezinye izazi zengqondo . Ekuhlaziyweni kweengcali zeengqondo, iincwadi zikaRaymond Cattell zobungcali zibeka njengesixhenxe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ekuthethwe ngazo kwiingxelo zengqondo kwiminyaka eyi-100 edlulileyo. Iingcali zengqondo zaphandwa kwaye zacelwa ukuba zithiwa ngubani abavakalelwa kukuba yiyona ingcali yezobuchopho kwi-20th century. UCattell wayekwe kwinqanaba le-16.
Iincwadi ezikhethiweyo
Ukuba unomdla wokufunda ezinye zezinto zikaCattell, zimbalwa eziza kuziqwalasela:
- Cattell RB. Ukusetyenziswa kweNzululwazi yeNkcazo yoBuchule kwiZakhono zoBomi kunye nezoBomi. ENew York: iPlenum; 1978.
- Cattell RB. Ubuntu kunye noKwakhiwa koKhuthazo kunye nokulinganisa. ENew York: Inkampani yeNcwadi yeHlabathi; 1957.
- Cattell RB. Ubuntu: Isifundo soBuchule boBuchule boBuchule beSifundo. ENew York: Hill McGraw; - 1950.
Imithombo:
ICattell i-HEP, i-Horn J. Imbali emfutshane: uRaymond Bernard Cattell. I-Cattell Family Trust. Epapashwe ngo-2015.
Isebe laseHarvard leSychology. URaymond Cattell.
> University of Indiana. URaymond B. Cattell. Ubulumko. Ukuhlaziywa kweDisemba 20, 2016.
Haggbloom SJ, Warnick R, Warnick JE, et al. I-100 yezona ziNgcono zeeNgqondo zonyaka wama-20 . Ukuphononongwa kweNgcaciso yengqondo. 2002; 6 (2): 139-152.