UAlfred Adler wayengumgqirha waseAustria kunye nogqirha owaziwayo ngokudala isikolo sombono obizwa ngokuba yingqondo. Uyakhunjulwa kwakhona ngenxa yeengcamango zakhe ezincinci, ezikholelwa ukuba zinendima enkulu ekubunzeni ubuntu. U-Alder ekuqaleni wayeqabane likaSigmund Freud, wancedisa ukusungula i-psychoanalysis, kwaye wayeyilungu elisekayo laseVienna Psychoanalytic Society.
Iingcamango zika-Adler zijolise ekujongeni umntu ngokubanzi, kungenxa yoko wayethetha ngendlela yakhe njengengqondo. U-Adler ekugqibeleni wagxothwa kwisangqa se-psychoanalytic kaFrud, kodwa waqhubeka waba negalelo elikhulu ekuphuhliseni i-psychotherapy. Kwakhona waba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwabanye abaninzi abacinga kakhulu kuquka uAbraham Maslow noAlbert Ellis.
Eyaziwa kakhulu
- Psychology ngamnye
- Iingcamango zobuncwane obuphantsi
- UMongameli we-Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, 1910
Ukuzalwa nokufa
U-Alfred Adler wazalelwa ngoFebruwari 7, 1870. Wafa ngoMeyi 28, 1937.
Obomi bakwangoko
UAlfred Adler wazalelwa eVienna, e-Austria. Wayevalelwa njengemntwana omncinci owamnqanda ukuba ahambe ade afike eminyaka emine. Ngenxa yeengxaki zempilo yakhe njengomntwana, u-Adler wanquma ukuba uya kuba ngudokotela kwaye, emva kokugqitywa kwiYunivesithi yaseVienna ngo-1895 enegrari yezokwelapha, waqala umsebenzi wakhe njenge-ophthalmologist kwaye kamva waguqula kwinto yokuqhelekileyo.
Umsebenzi kunye noBomi bamuva
U-Alder wuleza waphendukela kwiminqweno yakhe kwintsimi yengqondo. Ngo -1902, uSigmund Freud wammema ukuba ajoyine iqela leengxoxo ze-psychoanalytic. Eli qela lidibana rhoqo ngoLwesithathu kwikhaya likaFrud kwaye ekugqibeleni likhule libe yi-Vienna Psychoanalytic Society. Emva kokukhonza njengoMongameli weqela ixesha, u-Adler washiya inxalenye ngenxa yokungavumelani namanye amaqhinga kaFrud.
Nangona u-Adler ebambe indima ephambili ekuphuhlisweni kwengqondo ye- psychoanalysis , naye wayengomnye wabafundi abakhulu bokuqala ukuyeka ukuba enze isikolo sakhe sengcinga. Wayekhawuleza ukubonisa ukuba ngoxa wayesebudlelane noFreud, wayengekho mfundi wendoda eyaziwayo e-Austrian eyaziwayo.
Ngomnyaka we-1912, u-Alfred Adler wasungula uMbutho weeNzululwazi zengqondo. Iingcamango zika-Adler zinconyelise ukuba wonke umntu unengqondo yokuthobeka. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, abantu basebenzela ukunqoba ukungahlambuluki ngokufaka ubungqina babo ngaphezu kwabanye. U-Adler ubhekisele kule nto ngokuthi 'uzama ukuphakama' kwaye wayekholelwa ukuba le nto ibangela amandla okukhuthaza abantu, iimvakalelo kunye neengcinga.
Igalelo kwiNzululwazi
Iingcamango zika-Alfred Adler ziye zadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimimandla ethile kubandakanywa unyango kunye nophuhliso lwabantwana. Iingcamango ze-Alder nazo zathonya ezinye iingcali zeengqondo ezibandakanya:
- Abraham Maslow
- UCarl Rogers
- Karen Horney
- U-Rollo Meyi
- Erich Fromm
- Albert Ellis
Namhlanje, iingcamango zakhe kunye neengcamango zibizwa ngokuba yi-Adlerian psychology.
Ngoxa u-Adler wayeguqukele ebuKristwini, ilifa lakhe lamaYuda lakhokelela kwiNazi yokuvala iikliniki zakhe ngexesha lama-1930. Ngenxa yoko, u-Adler wathuthela eUnited States ukuba athathe isikhundla senzululwazi kwi-Long Island College of Medicine.
Ngomnyaka we-1937, u-Adler waya kwintetho yeentetho waza wahlaselwa yintliziyo yingozi e-Aberdeen, eScotland.
Intsapho yakhe yalahlekelwa yindlela yokutshiswa kwayo ihlala emva nje kokufa kwakhe kwaye umlotha wawucatshangwa ulahlekile ngaphambi kokuba ufumaniswe ngo-2007 kwisibhedlele sase-Edinburgh, eScotland. Ngo-2011, iminyaka engama-74 emva kokufa kwakhe, umlotha ka-Adler wabuyiselwa eVienna, e-Austria.
Ngendlebe nodliwano-ndlebe no -Guardian , umzukulu wakhe wachaza, "UVienna wayeyindlu ka-Adler, ikhaya lakhe lokuzalwa kwaye kwakukho unxantathu, uyazi, u-Adler, Jung no-Freud, kwaye bonke babenengqiqo yokuphuma kuloo ndawo, ngoko into efanelekileyo kunokuba abuyele apho. "
Iincwadi ezikhethiweyo
Adler, A. (1925). I-Practice and Theory of Individual Psychology. ELondon: uRoutledge.
Adler, A. (1956). I-Individual Psychology ka-Alfred Adler. HL Ansbacher kunye neRR Ansbacher (i-Ed.). ENew York: iHarper Torchbooks.
Imithombo:
Boeree, CG (1997). Alfred Adler.
URattner, J. (1983). Alfred Adler. ENew York: F. Ungar.
UCarrell, S. (2011). Umlotha we-Psychoanalysis Umququzeleli we-Psychoanalysis U-Alfred Adler wafumana emva kweminyaka engama-74. Guardian.