Ngaba i-hierarchy eyaziwayo i-Maslow isasebenza?
Nabani na owake wathatha ingqondo yengqondo mhlawumbi ubuncinane bokuqonda okubalulekileyo ngo-Abraham Maslow ulawulo lweemfuno . UMaslow uphakamise ukuba kufuneka kwisiseko sepiramidi, equka izinto ezinjengokutya, amanzi kunye nokulala, kufuneka zidibene phambi kokuba abantu baqhube phambili befuna iimfuno eziphezulu kwi-hierarchy.
Emva kokuzalisekisa ezi zidingo eziphambili, abantu baqhubela phambili kwiimfuno zokhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko, ngoko bahlala kunye nothando baze bahloniphe.
Ekugqibeleni, xa zonke iimfuno eziphantsi kweemfuno zidibene, uMaslow ucebisa ukuba abantu bahambe kwiimfuno eziphakamileyo kwipiramidi, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-self-actualization.
Iphepha le-1976 likaWahba noBridwell licebise ukuba ukuvuma okungavumelekanga kolawulo lukaMaslow kufuneka luqwalaselwe ngophando olongezelelweyo. Ukuphononongwa kwabo uphando olutholakalayo ngexesha elifumanekayo lenkxaso encinci yokuchaneka kolawulo lolawulo.
Olunye uphando olutshanje luye lwaxhasa inkxaso yolawulo lwasekuqaleni lukaMaslow, kodwa abaninzi bacebisa ukuba le ngcamango ingaba idinga ukuhlaziywa ukubonisa ngcono iimfuno zobomi banamhlanje.
Ngaba ulawulo lukaMaslow luhlala phezulu?
Ulawulo lwabantu baseMaslow luqhubeka luyaziwa kakhulu kwaye luyamkeleka kakhulu, kodwa ubungqina obukhoyo abuxhasi imfundiso kaMaslow.
"Iimfuno zeMaslow i-hierarchy theory ibonisa umfundi ngesishukumisi somsebenzi ngento ekhangayo," uWahba noBridwell babhala. "Inkolelo iyamkelwa ngokubanzi, kodwa akukho ubungqina obuncinane bokuyixhasa."
- Ekuhlaziyweni kwabo kophando olukhoyo, uWahba noBridwell bafumene ukuba kukho inkxaso encinci yokubonisa ukuba iimfuno zikhona kwi-hierarchy .
- Abanye abagxeki baphakamise ukuba ubuphathi bokuqala abuphendulanga ukuba izidingo zithatha ukutshintsha ngokusekelwe kwimeko .
- Imfundiso kaMaslow ayinakuphendula ngokungafani phakathi kwamasiko kunye nabahlali .
Ngaba i-Maslow's Hierarchy ifuna ukuhlaziywa?
Ngo-2010, iqela leengqondo zezengqondo lizama ukuphucula ubukhulu bolawulo lukaMaslow. Inguqu yabo yokulungiswa kweemfuno zakudala ezidinga iipiramidi yashicilelwa kwimiba yePhepha kwiSayensi zeSayensi . Ngelixa ulawulo lokuqala lwaluqulethwe ngamanqanaba amahlanu, le nguqulo ehlaziyiweyo yayiquka ezi sixhenxe.
Amanqanaba amane omgangatho wale ngqungquthela entsha afana neMaslow, kodwa utshintsho olukhulu lunokubonakala kumanqanaba aphezulu kwinguqulelo entsha. Okumangalisayo kukuba mhlawumbi kwakukuphelisa amazinga aphezulu kakhulu kwi-original version - leyo yokuzimela.
Kutheni ukuphelisa ukuzenzekelayo? Ababhali beli nqaku baphakamise ukuba ngelixa i-self-actualization isabalulekile kwaye inomdla, kodwa akusiyo imfuneko ebalulekileyo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
Kunoko, abalobi bacebisa, imisebenzi emininzi nemisebenzi eyenziwa nguMaslow ekuqaleni ukuzibonakalisa njengento yokuzimela ngokuzimela ibheyili yezinto eziphilayo, njengokutsala iqabane kunye nokuba nabantwana.
Ngoko ke yintoni enye enye indawo yokuzibuyisela ngokuzenzekelayo ekuphezulu kwesi sihlandlo esihlaziyiweyo?
- Umzali uthatha indawo ephezulu, elandelwayo
- Ukugcinwa kwabathengi ,
- Ukufunyanwa komntu , kunye
- Isimo / ixabiso .
- Ukulandela ezo mfuno kukubandakanya kunye nokuzikhusela .
- Izidingo zomzimba ezikhawulezayo zenza i siseko sepiramidi.
"Phakathi kwezinto ezifunwa ngabantu ezona zizinto eziphilayo ezisisiseko sezona zinto ziza kuququzelela ukuzaliswa kwezityalo zethu kwizingane zamabantwana bethu," kuchaza umlobi oqhuba uDeglas Kenrick waseYunivesithi yase-Arizona State. "Ngenxa yoko, ukubeletha kubaluleke kakhulu."
Ukuhlaziywa okucetywayo kuMlawuli wasekuqaleni kaMaslow akuzange kungenakuphikisana, nangona kunjalo.
Umxholo wephephabhuku oqulethe uhlaziyo oluhlaziyiweyo luqulethe iziqendu ezine ezahlukileyo ezahlukileyo ezazisa iingcamango kwiinguqulelo zokuqala kunye nokuhlaziywa kolawulo oluphezulu.
Nangona a baninzi bavumelana nesiseko esisiseko sencwadana ehlaziyiweyo, ngokukodwa isiseko sokuziphendulela, abaninzi banokukhuphaza ngokususwa kwe-self-actualization njengento ebalulekileyo ekhuthazayo.
Abantu abakwiiNtlobo ezahlukeneyo banokufumana iimfuno ezifanayo
Nangona udumo lwenkolelo, kuye kwandula ukuba uphando oluncinane luxhasa ukuchaneka kobukhosi. Ngenxa yoko, isazi sengqondo se-psychologist Ed Diener weYunivesithi yase-Illinois sasiqhube isifundo esenza ukuba i-hierarchy eyaziwayo yeemfuno ukuvavanya kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi lonke.
Abaphandi baqhuba uphando malunga nokutya, indawo yokuhlala, ukhuseleko, imali, inkxaso yezenhlalakahle, intlonipho, kunye neemvakalelo kumazwe ahlukeneyo angama-155 phakathi ko-2005 no-2010. Nangona ezinye iinkalo zeziphumo zazo zihambelane neMfundiso kaMaslow, kwakukho ukuhamba okuphawulekayo. Iimfuno ezichazwe kwimbali zibonakala ziphela. Nangona kunjalo, umyalelo apho ezi zidingo zidibene nazo zazingenafuthe elincinci kulwaneliseko lwabantu nobomi.
"Iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba imfundiso kaMaslow ichanekile ngokubanzi. Kwiinkcubeko kulo lonke ihlabathi ukuzaliseka kweemfuno zakhe ezicetywayo kuhambelana nolonwabo," uDiener wachaza kwintetho yeendaba. "Nangona kunjalo, ukuhamba okubalulekileyo kwimfundiso kaMaslow kukuba sifumanise ukuba umntu unokunika ingxelo yokuba nobudlelwane obuhle bezenzo kunye nokuzilungisa ngokwabo nokuba iimfuno zabo ezisisiseko kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko azizalisekanga ngokupheleleyo."
Nangona uphando olutsha nje lubonakala luxhasa imbono yezidingo zomntu jikelele, inkxaso yolawulo lwabahlali baseMaslow luhlala lukhuni.
Iingxelo:
Kendrick, DT, Vladas, G., Neuberg, SL, & Schaller, M. (2010). Ukuphucula ipiramidi yezidingo: Izandiso zangoku zakhiwa kwiziseko zasendulo. Iimpembelelo kwiSayensi zeNzululwazi, 5 (3), 292-314. i-doi: 10.1177 / 1745691610369469.
Tay, L., & Diener, E. (2011). Iimfuno kunye nentlalo ephantsi kwehlabathi. I-Journal of Personality and Psychology, 101 (2), 354-365. INGXELO: 10.1037 / a0023779.
Wahba, MA, & Bridwell, LG (1976). UMaslow uphinde wahlaziywa: Ukuphononongwa kophando malunga nemfuneko yokufundwa kobuchule. Ukuziphatha koMbutho kunye nokuSebenza koBuntu, 15, 212-240.