Xa ujongene nomngeni, ngaba uvakalelwa ukuba unako ukuphakamisa uphinde ufezekise umnqweno wakho okanye ulahlekelwe kukutshatyalaliswa? Ngaba unjengeenjini ezidumile ezincinci ukusuka kwincwadi yezingane zakudala ("Ndicinga ukuba ndinako, ndicinga ukuba ndiyakwazi!), Okanye ngaba ungathandabuzeki ubuchule bakho bokunyuka kwaye unqobe ubunzima obubuhlungu ubomi?" , okanye inkolelo yakho kumandla akho okujongana neemeko ezahlukeneyo, inokudlala indima kungekhona nje kuphela indlela ozivakalelwa ngayo, kodwa nokuba awuphumelelanga ngempumelelo iinjongo zakho ebomini.
Ingcamango yokuzibhokoxa yinto engundoqo kwi-psychologist ye-psychologist Albert Bandura yengcamango yentlalo yoluntu , egxininisa indima yokufunda , ukuvavanya amava, kunye nokuzikhethela ngokukhawuleza ekuhlakuleleni ubuntu.
Ngokwe-Bandura, izimo zengqondo, ubuchule, kunye nezakhono zokuqonda ziquka into eyaziwa ngokuba yi-self-system. Le nkqubo inendima ebalulekileyo kwindlela esiyiqonda ngayo imeko kunye nendlela esiziphatha ngayo ekuphenduleni imeko ezahlukeneyo. Ukuzibhokoxa kuyincandelo ebalulekileyo yale nkqubo.
Yiyiphi i-Self-Efficiency?
Ngokutsho kukaAlbert Bandura , ukuzibhokoxa "kukukholelwa kumntu onokukwazi ukulungelelanisa nokuqhuba iikhosi zokwenza okufunekayo ukulawula iimeko eziza kwenzeka." Ngamanye amazwi, ukuzisebenzisayo kukukholelwa komntu ekusebenzeni kwakhe ukuphumelela kwimeko ethile. I-Bandura ichaza ezi nkolelo njengezigqibo zendlela abantu bacinga ngayo, baziphathe ngayo kwaye bazive.
Ekubeni i-Bandura yashicilela iphepha lakhe lokulonda ngo-1977, "I-Self-Efficiency: KuyiNgcamango Engabonakaliyo Yenguqu Yokuziphatha," le ngongoma ibe yinto efundwayo kakhulu kwiingqondo. Kutheni i-self-efficacy ibe yinto ebalulekileyo phakathi kwabafundi beengqondo kunye nootitshala? Njengoko iBarura kunye nabanye abaphandi baye babonisa, ukuzinyameka kunokuba nefuthe kuyo yonke into esuka kwingqondo yengqondo ukuya ekuziphatheni ekukhuthazeni.
Indima yokuziPhatha
Cishe bonke abantu banokwazi ukubona iinjongo abafuna ukuzenza, izinto abanokuzitshintsha, kunye nezinto abanokuzifezekisa. Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi abantu bayaqaphela ukuba ukubeka ezi zicwangciso kwizenzo akulula. I-Bandura kunye nabanye baye bafumanisa ukuba ukuzinyameka komntu kudlala indima enkulu kwiinjongo, imisebenzi kunye nemingeni.
Abantu abanengqiqo enamandla yokuzimelela:
- Jonga iingxaki ezinzima njengemisebenzi ekufuneka uyenze
- Ukuhlakulela inxaxheba enzulu kwimisebenzi apho bathatha inxaxheba
- Yenza umgangatho onamandla wokuzibophelela kwiminqweno nemisebenzi yabo
- Buyiselwa ngokukhawuleza kwiimpazamo kunye nokudumala
Abantu abanengqondo ebuthathaka yokuzimelela:
- Gwema imisebenzi enzima
- Kholelwa ukuba imisebenzi enzima kunye neemeko zingaphezu kwamandla abo
- Gxila kwiimpazamo zomntu kunye neziphumo ezimbi
- Kha wuleza ulahlekelwe ithemba lokuzimela
Imithombo yoLwazi lweZenzo
Ukuzibhokoxa njani kukuphuhlisa? Ezi nkolelo ziqala ukwakha ebuntwaneni bokuqala njengoko abantwana bejongana namava ahlukahlukeneyo, imisebenzi kunye neemeko. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhula kokuzibhokoxa akupheli ngexesha lolutsha kodwa liyaqhubeka nokuguquka ebomini njengoko abantu bafumana izakhono ezintsha, amava kunye nokuqonda.
Ngokwe-Bandura, kukho imithombo emine ephezulu yokuzimela:
1. Iimva zoLwazi
"Indlela efanelekileyo kakhulu yokuphuhlisa ingqiqo yokusebenza ngempumelelo ngamava omsebenzi," kusho uBurura. Ukwenza umsebenzi ngempumelelo kuqinisa amandla ethu ekuziphatheni. Nangona kunjalo, ukungaphumeleli ngokwaneleyo nomsebenzi okanye umngeni kunokuphazamisa nokwenza buthathaka.
2. I-Modeling yeNtlalo
Ukunikela ubungqina kwabanye abantu ngokugqiba umsebenzi ngokufanelekileyo ngumnye umthombo obalulekileyo wokuzimelela. Ngokutsho kweBanura, "Ukubona abantu abafana nabo ukuba baphumelele ngokunyamezela ukuphakamisa iinkolelo zabathengi ukuba nabo banakho ukukwazi ukwenza izinto ezinokulinganisela ukuphumelela."
I-Bandura iqinisekise ukuba abantu banokuqiniseka ukuba banamakhono kunye nekhono lokuphumelela. Khawucinge ngexesha apho umntu uthethile into ekhuthazayo neyokukhuthaza eyakunceda ufezekise injongo. Ukufumana ukukhuthazwa ngamazwi kwabanye kukunceda abantu banqobe ukuzithemba kwaye kunoko bajolise ekunikeni imizamo engcono ekusebenzeni.
4. Izimpendulo zengqondo
Iimpendulo zethu kunye neempendulo zengqondo kwiimeko zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuziphatheni. Iimoya, iimvakalelo zengqondo , iimpendulo zomzimba kunye nokuxinwa kweengxaki zinokuchaphazela indlela umntu aziva ngayo ngamakhono abo kwiimeko ezithile. Umntu oba nexhala kakhulu phambi kokuthetha esidlangalaleni unokuhlakulela ingqondo ebuthathaka kwiimeko.
Nangona kunjalo, i-Bandura iphinda ithi "akuyiyo ingxaki ebalulekileyo yeemvakalelo kunye nomzimba kubalulekile kodwa kunokuba ziqondwa njani kwaye ziguqulelwe." Ngokufunda indlela yokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokuphakamisa imizwelo xa ijongene nemisebenzi enzima okanye inzima, abantu banokuphucula ukuqonda kwabo.
> Imithombo:
> Bandura A. Ukuzivocavoca kwe-arhente yabasebenzi ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokuzinyameka. Ku-R. Schwarzer (Umq.), Ukuzimelela: Ukucinga okucwangcisiweyo kwezenzo. I-Washington, DC: Ihlabathi: I-Taylor & Francis; 1992.
> I-Bandura A. Ukuzinyameka kwiiNkcubeko. I-Cambridge, UK: I-Cambridge University Press; 1995.
> Bandura A. Ukuzimelela. KwiVS Ramachaudran (uMq.), I- Encyclopedia yokuziphatha kwabantu , 4. ENew York: Inkcazo yeeNkcazo; 1994.
> Bandura A. Ukuzibhokoxa: Kuyo inkolelo yokuhlanganisana yokuguquka kokuziphatha. Ukuphononongwa kwengqondo . 1977, 84, 191-215.