Indlela Yethu Iifomu Ezivela Ngquzulwano
Mhlawumbi uye wakuva igama elithi " ingxaki yesazisi" ngaphambili kwaye mhlawumbi unengcamango efanelekileyo malunga nokuba kuthetha ukuthini. Kodwa le ngcamango yavela phi? Kutheni abantu beva olu hlobo lobunzima? Ingaba into efihliweyo kwiminyaka yeshumi elivisayo?
Le ngcamango ivela kumsebenzi weengqondo zengqondo u-Erik Erikson okholelwa ukuba ukubunjwa kobunikazi kwakungenye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo zobomi bomntu.
Nangona ukuphuhlisa ingqalelo yesazisi yinto ebalulekileyo kwiminyaka yeshumi elivisayo, u-Erikson akazange akholwe ukuba ukubunjwa kunye nokukhula kobunikazi bekuncinci kuphela. Endaweni yoko, i-identity is something that changes and grows throughout the life as people face the challenges and new experience.
Ingxaki Yobunjani?
Ngaba awuqinisekanga ngendima yakho ebomini? Ngaba uziva ngathi awuzi 'okwenene'? Ukuba uphendula imibuzo yeewe kumbuzo odlulileyo, unokufumana ubunzima besazisi. U-Erik Erikson u- Theorist waqulunqa igama leengxaki kwaye wazikholelwa ukuba yinto enye ebaluleke kakhulu kwimibango abantu abajongene nayo ekuphuhliseni .
Ngokuka-Erikson, ingxaki yesazisi yithuba lokuhlalutya ngokubanzi kunye nokuhlola iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuzijonga.
Inzala ka-Erikson yobunikazi yaqala ebuntwaneni. AbaJuda abavusiweyo, u-Erikson wabonakala kakhulu eScandinavian kwaye wayehlala evakalelwa kukuba wayengaphandle kwamabini omabini.
Izifundo zakhe zenkcubeko yenkcubeko phakathi kweYurok enyakatho yeKalifornia kunye neSioux yaseMzantsi Dakota zanceda i-Erikson ingcamango malunga nokuphuhliswa kobungqina kunye neengxaki zesazisi.
U-Erikson uchaza ubuni njengoko:
"... ingqiqo ebonakalayo kunye nomgangatho obonakalayo wokufana kunye nokuqhubeka, kubambisana nenkolelo ethile kwi-simeness kunye nokuqhubeka komfanekiso wehlabathi olwabelwana ngawo. Njengomgangatho wokuphila okungenakuzimeleyo, oku kuya kubonakala ngokukhawuleza Umntu omncinci oye wafumanisa nje ngokuba ufumene ububini bakhe. Kuye sibona ukuvela kokubambisana okungafaniyo nento engavumelekiyo-oko kukuthi, uhlobo lomzimba kunye nesimo sengqondo, ububungqina kunye nokukhuseleka, imodeli encinane kunye neengcinga ezifunyenweyo ukhetho olwenziwe kwiimbolo ezikhoyo, amathuba okusebenza, ixabiso elinikeziweyo, abacebisi abadibeneyo, ubudlelwane obwenziweyo, kunye neentlanganiso zokuqala zesondo. " (Erikson, 1970.)
Uphando malunga noLwazi
Kwinqanaba lika-Erikson lokuphuhliswa kwengqondo , ukuvela kweengxaki zesazisi kubonakala ngexesha leminyaka eliselula apho abantu bajamelana nemvakalelo yesazisi ngokubhekiselele kwendima yokudideka .
Umphandi uJacob Marcia (1966, 1976, 1980) uye wandisa kwi-theory yokuqala ye-Erikson. NgokukaMarcia kunye nabalingane bakhe, ukulinganisela phakathi kobuni kunye nokudideka kukuzibophezele ekuzinikeni . UMarcia naye waba neendlela zokudliwano-ndlebe ukuba alinganise ukuba ngubani kunye neemimiselo ezine ezazisiweyo. Le ndlela ibukeka kwimimandla emithathu yokusebenza: indima yomsebenzi, iinkolelo kunye neempawu zokuziphatha ngokwesini.
Iimpawu zesazisi
- Ukuphumelela kwesazisi kwenzeka xa umntu ehambele ukuhlolisiswa kolwazi oluhlukeneyo kwaye wenza ukuzibophezela kwelinye.
- Ukuququzelela isimo somntu ochaphazelekayo ekuhloleni iimpawu ezahlukileyo kodwa akazange enze ukuzibophezela.
- Isimo sokuqhafaza xa umntu ezinikezele ngaphandle kokuzama ukuhlola ubunikazi.
- Ukusabalalisa i-Identity kwenzeka xa kungekho nkcenkceshela okanye ukuzinikela.
Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba abo baye bazinikela ngokuzimisela ukuba bangubani bahlala bevuya ngakumbi kwaye banempilo kunabo abangenayo.
Abo banesimo sokwahlukana kwesazisi banokuziva bengabikho kwindawo ehlabathini kwaye bazinge ukuba bazisi.
Ehlabathini lanamhlanje elitshintsha ngokukhawuleza, iingxaki zobuninzi zixhaphakile namhlanje kunosuku lukaErikson. Ezi ngxabano ngokuqinisekileyo azigcini kwiminyaka yeshumi elivisayo. Abantu bavame ukuzifumana kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ebomini, ngokukodwa kwiingongoma ezinzulu ezifana nokuqala umsebenzi omtsha, ukuqala kolwalamano olutsha, ukuphela komtshato, okanye ukuzalwa komntwana. Ukuhlolisisa imiba eyahlukileyo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yobomi, kubandakanye indima yakho emsebenzini, ngaphakathi kwentsapho, kunye nolwalamano olusondeleyo, lunokunceda ukuqinisa ubunikazi bakho.
> Imithombo:
> Erikson, EH (1970). Ukutshitshiswa kwe > ukuphikiswa > yolutsha olutsha., I- International Journal ye-Psychoanalysis, 51, 11-22.
> Marcia, JE (1966) Ukuphuculwa nokuqinisekiswa kweempawu ze-ego. I-Journal of Personality and Psychology, 3, 551-558.
> Marcia, JE (1976) Identity iminyaka emithandathu emva >>> Ukufunda ngokulandelelana. Umbhalo woLutsha kunye noLutsha, 5, 145-160.
> Marcia, JE (1980) Ubungqina buntutsha. NgoJ. Adelson (uMq.), Incwadi Yengqondo Yengane Engumntwana. ENew York: iWiley.