Izixhobo ezivela kwiTradio kwiMedication
Ukuhlaselwa kweentlanzi kukuqhaqhazela ngokukrakra okubangela ukuba kuthathwe ingxaki ebonakalayo njengentliziyo yokukhawuleza yokuphefumula xa kungekho nengozi okanye ingozi ebonakalayo. Abantu abaninzi banesifo esisodwa okanye amabini ahlaselwa ngexesha lokuphila, kwaye ingxaki iyahamba. Kodwa ukuba uye wabuyela ngokuphindaphindiweyo, uhlaselo olungalindelekanga kwaye uchithe ixesha elide ukwesaba kolunye uhlaselo, unokufumana imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-panic disorder.
Ukuphazamiseka kwintlungu yinkxalabo yokuxhalaba ephawulwa rhoqo kwaye ihlala ixhala kakhulu. Ezi ntshutshiso zilandelwa yimvakalelo enzulu yokuxhalaba kwaye zivame ukuphazamisa imihla ngemihla ngemizamo yokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nokuhlaselwa.
Ngombulelo, nangona ukuphazamiseka kwesoyiko kunokwesabisa kwaye ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki kunokuchaphazela yonke indawo yobomi bakho, unyango lunokusebenza kakhulu kokubili ukunciphisa inani lokuhlaselwa kunye nokubuyisela umgangatho wobomi.
Izinyango Zonyango
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuphatha ukuphazamiseka kweengxaki, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ukudibanisa kwezi zinto ziphumelela kakhulu. Unyango lunokubandakanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zengqondo, unyango, utshintsho lwendlela yokuphila kunye nokuxinwa kwengcinezelo.
Psychotherapy
I-Psychotherapy yintshontsho yonyango yokuphazamiseka kwengxaki kunye neyona ndlela yonyango olungcono yokunciphisa iziganeko zokuhlaselwa kwesoyiki esikhathini esizayo.
Isinyathelo sokuqala kwi-psychotherapy nje imfundo; kuchaza oko kwenzekayo ngexesha lokuhlaselwa kwesifo.
Kucacile, ngokusekelwe kwinani labantu abafuna ingqwalaselo yongxamiseko kwintlanzi, usenokuvakalelwa ngokwenyama. Umgqirha uya kuqalisa ngokuchaza into eyenzeka emzimbeni, kunye nendlela " ukulwa okanye ukuphuza " i-reflex eyenza le mpawu.
I-Psychotherapy iya kuphumelela ekwenzeni ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki kubandakanya:
UChnitive Behavioral Treatment
I-American Psychiatric Association icetyisa ukuba uhlobo lwe-psychotherapy olubizwa ngokuba yi -CBT) lusetyenziso oluphezulu kakhulu lwe-panic disorder.
Ulwaphulo-mbono lwendlela yokuziphatha lubonisa ukubaluleka kokuziphatha kunye neenkqubo zokucinga ekuqondeni nasekulawuleni ukuxhalaba nokuxhala. Ugxininiso lwonyango lunokungabikho, ukuphazamiseka, nokuziphatha okulimazayo kunye neengcamango ezingenangqiqo ezifaka isandla ekuqhubekeni kweempawu.
I-CBT ibandakanya amanyathelo amabini asisiseko xa uphatha ingxaki yokuphazamiseka. Okokuqala kukubona iingcamango ezingalunganga kunye nokuziphatha. Oku kunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nokubhala ngamanye amaxesha kudlala indima enkulu.
Emva kokuba le nkcazo engafanelekanga kunye neendlela zokuziphatha zichongiwe, unokuqala ukudala iindlela zokuziphatha eziphilileyo ukuguqula iimpawu ezingalunganga kunye neengcamango. Enye indlela esetyenzisiweyo ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokukwesaba kukungafuni . Kule ndlela, umntu utyhila ngokuthe ngcembe ngakumbi nangakumbi kwi-panic-stimulus stimulation kuze kube yinto engashukumisi ukuphendula.
I-Psychodynamic Psychotherapy egxininisiweyo
Ulwaphulo lwe-Psydydynamic olugxininisekile lugxininisekile lusetyenziswa ekuphatheni i-panic disorder. Ulwaphulo lwe-Psychodynamic lusekelwe kwiingcamango ze-psychoanalytic zikaFrud.
Ugxininiso lwonyango lukunceda abathengi ukuba baqaphele ukungqubuzana kwabo kunye neengcinga kunye nokuchonga iindlela zokukhusela ezichaphazela ukuqhubeka kweempawu. Ngokungafani ne-CBT, ugxininiso lwalonyango luyilo lokungafumani inxalenye yengqondo engqondweni apho kugcinwa khona iingcamango kunye nezikhumbuzo ezibuhlungu.
Ukusebenzisana noMgqirha
I-Psychotherapy idlalwa ngumcebisi onamava, unontlalontle, isazi sengqondo okanye isifo sengqondo. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba njengokuba kukho ubuninzi obuhlukeneyo phakathi koogqirha, kukho ubuninzi bobuqu phakathi kwabanikeli bempilo yengqondo. Ngamanye amaxesha abantu kufuneka "bathethe udliwano-ndlebe" ngaphezu komnye umboneleli (fumana uluvo lwesibini) ukuze ufumane uncedo olungcono kumathambo ukuba ubakhokele.
Ukuphathwa kweengxaki zengqondo ye-Panic akuyona "ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza" kunye nolwalamano oluxhasayo kunye nomgqirha luya kuhamba ixesha elide ekuncedeni ukwenza umsebenzi ofunekayo ukubuyisela ubomi bakho.
Mayeza
Amachiza asetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwengxaki zibandakanya izidandlululo kunye neziyobisi ezichasayo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba xa kunconywa u-anti-depressant, akuthethi ukuba ugqirha wakho ukholelwa ukuba ucinezelekile. Zonke iintsholongwane zisebenza ngokuguqula enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zixhobo zengqondo (i- neurotransmitters ) ezilandelayo:
- Serotonin. Le miphumo yengqondo idlala indima ekwenzeni ukuxhalabisa, ukukhathazeka, ukulala, ukutya, kunye nesondo.
- I-Norepinephrine, echaphazela ukulala nokuqapha, ikholelwa ukuba iyahambelana nokulwa okanye ukuphendula uxinzelelo lwendiza.
- I-Dopamine inentshukumo yokunyakaza komzimba kwaye ikholelwa ukuba ibandakanyeka ekukhuthazeni, umvuzo, ukuqiniswa kunye nokuziphatha kakubi . Iingcamango ezininzi zeengqondo zibonisa ukuba i-dopamine idlala indima kwimpawu zengqondo .
Ukuxhatshazwa
Izidandlululo ezisetyenziselwa ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki yokuphazamiseka ziyahlukana zibe zigaba ezine eziphambili. Izidakamizwa eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo ziyi-SSRI, kunye ne-MAOIs isetyenziselwa kuphela xa amanye amayeza ahlulekile.
- I-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) ekhethiweyo-SSRIs isebenze ngokunyusa izinga le-serotonin engqondweni. Imizekelo ibandakanya i- Paxil (i-paroxetine) , i- Zoloft (i-sertraline) kunye ne- Prozac (i-fluoxetine) .
- I-Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (i-SNRIs) - I- SNRIs isebenza kokubili i-serotonin kunye ne-norepinephrin ebuchosheni. Imizekelo ibandakanya i- Effexor (venlafaxine) , kunye neCymbalta (duloxetine) .
- I-Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) - ii-TCAs zichaphazela i-serotonin, i-norepinephrin, kunye nomlinganiselo ongaphantsi, i-dopamine. Imizekelo ibandakanya imipramine kunye ne-amitriptyline.
- I-Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (i-MAOIs) - i- MAOIs inqanda ukuphazamiseka ngokuguqula imichiza yengqondo. Imizekelo ibandakanya uNardil (phenelzine) kunye neParnate (tranylcypromine). I-MAOI ingaba nzima ukuyisebenzisa kwaye idinga abantu ukuba banamathele ekudleni okunzulu ngokugqithisileyo njengoko unyango lingadibanisa ngokutya kunye nokutya, ukusela kunye nezinye iyeza.
Ulwaphulo lokuxhalabisa
Amachiza anxamnye neengxaki ezinjenge- benzodiazepines athile asetyenziswe ixesha elifutshane lokuhlaselwa kwesoyiki, kodwa unokukwazi ukwenza umkhwa kalula.
Amachiza ukuphatha ingxaki yesifo inokumiselwa ngumfo wezifo zengqondo okanye ugqirha wezonyango. Ubude beyeza unyango luhluka kakhulu kumntu ngamnye. Kungenokwenzeka ukuba abanye baqhubeke nolawulo lwemithi kubo bonke ubomi babo.
Ukufumana Uncedo kunye nezibonelelo
Ukuphazamiseka kwamanxeba yimeko ephathekayo kwaye abaninzi abantu baya kuba nokunciphisa uphawu oluphawulekayo kunye neyeza. Ukuqala konyango kuqala, ungeyonto encinci ukuba uhlakulele i- agoraphobia , kwaye kungekudala ungabuyela ezinyaweni zakho kwaye uqale uphile kwakhona. Funda malunga nemimiselo eqhelekileyo ekufuneni uncedo kwakunye noluncedo kunye nezibonelelo ezikhoyo kubantu abaneengxaki zokuphazamiseka .
Imithombo:
Bighelli, I., Trspidi, C., Castellazzi, M. et al. I-Anti-depressants kunye ne-Benzodiazepines ye-Panic Disorder kubantu abadala. I-Cochrane Database yeeNkqubo eziPhezulu . 2016. 9: CD0011567.
Cujpers, P., Gentile, C., Banos, R. et al. Iziphumo ezinxulumene neengxaki zengqondo kunye neendlela zokuziphatha kwi-Generalalized Concerning Disorder, Disorder Disorder Disorder and Disaster Disorder: I-Meta-Analysis. Umbhalo weengxaki zokukhathazeka . 2016. 43: 79-89.
Imai, H., Tajika, A., Chen, P., Pompoli, A., kunye noT. Furukawa. Iingcali zengqondo ngokuchasene ne-Pharmacological Interventions for Panic Disorder kunye okanye ngaphandle kweAgoraphobia kuBantu abadala. I-Cochrane Database yeeNkqubo eziPhezulu . 2016. 10: CD011170.