Konke malunga ne-Trycyclic Antidepressants for Bipolar Disorder and Depression
Ugqirha wakho usenokuba ukhuthaze amayeza e-tricyclic antidepressant ukunyanga uxinzelelo lwakho, ukukhubazeka kwe-bipolar, okanye enye imeko enjengeentlungu. La mayeza asebenza njani? Ziziphi iziyobisi ezibhekwa njenge-tricyclic antidepressants, kwaye zeziphi ezinye iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezifunekayo ukuba uyazazi?
Ziziphi i-Tricyclic Anti-depressants?
I-tricyclic antidepressants iye yahlala ixesha elide, kunye neyeza zokuqala kule nkcazo ye-anti-depressants eziye zaphuhliswa ngawo-1950.
Nangona amayeza omtsha (ngokuqhelekileyo eneempembelelo ezincinci kunye nomngcipheko omncinci wokugqithisa ngaphezulu) ngoku sele ekhona, i-tricyclic anti-depressants inendawo yokunyanga kwimeko yokugula, ukuxinezeleka, kunye nezinye iimeko ezinjengentlungu engapheliyo.
Iyokuqala ye-tricyclic antidepressants, i-Tofranil (imipramine) yayikufumanisa okubalulekileyo kwaye yabanceda abanokwenzululwazi ukuba baqulunqe iingcamango zabo malunga nendlela ukucindezeleka kwenzeka ngayo. I-tricyclic antidepressants zibizwa ngokuba yi-chemical structure yezinto ezininzi zamachiza eklasini-iziyobisi zenziwe ngamacongeni amathathu e-athomu.
I-Tricyclic Anti -pressants Work?
Ukususela ekufumaneni i-tricyclic anti-depressants, sifunde ngakumbi malunga nendlela ukungalingani kwemichiza kwintliziyo kuqhutyelwa ngayo ezininzi iziqulatho zokudakumba. Oku kusenokungamangalisi kwabo bahlala bexinezelekile, njengoko beqaphela ukuba iimpawu zokudandatheka ziyakwenzeka nangona yonke into ebomini ibonakala ihamba kakuhle.
Ukuba nabahlobo kunye nosapho baqonda ukuba isifo sokudandatheka kunye nezinye izifo zengqondo kuyincedo, hleze bangabi namazwi achaphazayo njengokuba "khuphela nje." Amazwana afana nalawa ahlukekanga kunokuba utshele umntu onesifo sikashukela kunye nezinga eliphezulu lokushukela kwegazi ukuze nje uphume kuyo.
Unxibelelwano phakathi kwamaseli e-nerve ahlukeneyo kwingqondo lwenzeka ngeekhemikhali ezaziwa njenge- neurotransmitters . Ezi khemikhali zikhutshwa zisuka ekupheleni kwesinye senzwa yesibindi, zibe kwindawo phakathi kweeseli (i-synapse), kwaye isetyenziswe kwisisele esilandelayo njengendlela yokuthumela ulwazi.
I-tricyclic antidepressants isebenza ngokunyusa izinga le-neurotransmitters serotonin kunye ne- norepinephrine (ngokuthintela umzimba wakho ukuba ungabhubhisi ezi ziikhemikhali.) Njengoko zikhuphula amanqanaba abo bobabini be-neurotransmitters, zibhekwa njenge "zenzo ezimbini" ezixhatshazwayo.
Ukongeza kwimiphumo kwi-serotonin kunye ne-norepinephrine, i-tricyclic anti-depressants nayo isebenza ngokuthintela isenzo somnye u-neurotransmitter, i- acetylcholine .
Ngokuchasene ne-tricyclic anti-depressants, ezinye ze-anti-depressants ezintsha zisebenza ngokusisiseko ngezenzo zabo kwi-serotonin. Ngokomzekelo, i -serotonin reuptake inhibitors (i-SSRI) ekhethiweyo njenge-Prozac (i-fluoxetine) yandisa izinga le-serotonin ebuchosheni kodwa kungekhona inqanaba le-norepinephrin. (Izenzo zangempela zezidandlululo ziphezulu kunoko, ngoko umzekelo usetyenziswa njengokuthelekiswa okulula.)
Ngokubanzi, uvakalelwa kukuba amanqanaba aphezulu e-serotonin kunye ne-norepinephrine ebuchosheni kubangelwa isimo sengqondo.
(Funda kabanzi malunga nekhemist of depress .)
Ziziphi iimeko ezibizwa ngokuba yiTricyclic Antidepressants?
I-Tricyclic antidepressants inokumiselwa ukuba ibe "kwilebula" okanye "kwilebula." Kusetyenziswa kweelayibhile kufaka nalawo amayeza okwamkelwa yi-FDA njengamanje. "Akukho ileyibheli" ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezininzi kuyaqhelekileyo, kwaye ibhekisela ekusebenziseni isiza esivunywe yi-FDA, kodwa ngenxa yesalathisi esahlukileyo kunokuba ivunyiwe.
Ukusetyenziswa kweelayiti ye-tricyclic antidepressants kubandakanya:
- Ukuxinezeleka
- Ubume obungalunganga obuphambanisayo
Ukusetyenziswa kweleyile kwi-tricyclic antidepressants kubandakanya:
- Ubuhlungu obungapheliyo njengo-Elavil ngenxa yentlungu engapheliyo
- Intlungu yesandla seFantom
- Bedwetting (enuresis)
- Ukukhuselwa kwentloko ye-Migraine
- Bulimia
- Ukuphazamiseka kwintlungu
- Ukuxhuzula
- Pruritis engapheliyo (itching)
- Hiccups
- Ukuphazamiseka kokulala (i-doxepin i-FDA ivunyiwe ngenxa yokungakwazi ukulala)
- I-irritable bowel syndrome
Oogqirha bahluke njani xa bekhululekile xa bechaza imichiza efana nale "ngaphandle kwelebula" nangona kunjalo, ngokubhekiselele ekulawuleni ubuhlungu obungapheliyo kunye nokulala, kukho ezininzi izifundo ezixhasa ukusetyenziswa.
Kuthatha ixesha elide ukuthatha la mayeza ukuba asebenze?
I-Tricyclic antidepressants, njengamanye ama-antidepressants, athabatha iiveki eziliqela (ngokuphindaphindiweyo ezintandathu ukuya kwiiveki ezisibhozo) ngaphambi kokuba asebenze ukunciphisa uxinzelelo. Ngenxa yoko, oogqirha bahlala becetyiswa ukuba baqhubeke beyeza unyango kwiinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwethathu ngaphambi kokuba batshintshele kolunye uhlobo lweyeza. Isizathu sicinga ukuba zonke ezi zi yobisi zithatha ixesha lokubuyisela ukulinganisela kweekhemikhali kwingqondo. Oku akuthethi ukuba akukho nto ongayenza ngexesha ulinde. Abantu abaninzi bafumana ezinye iindlela zokwelapha ezinjenge- psychotherapy zinceda gqitha ukunyangwa kweemeko ezinjengexinzelelo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwe-bipolar, kwaye oku kuya kuqala ukunceda iimpawu zokudandatheka ngaphambi kokuba umlamli "ungenelele."
Amachiza athathwe njengeTricyclic Anti-depressants
Ezinye zeyeza ezichazwe njenge-tricyclic antidepressants ziquka:
- Elavil (amitryptyline)
- Ascendin (amoxapine)
- I-Anafranil (i-clomipramine)
- Pamelor (nortryptyline)
- I-Norpramin (desipramine)
- ETofranil (imipramine)
- Vivactil (ipro protectlessline)
- Surmontil (trimipramine)
- Sinequan (doxepin)
Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zeTricyclic Anti-depressants
Nangona nganye ye-tricyclic anti-depressants ihluke kakhulu kwabanye, ikwabelana ngemiphumo efanayo. Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Umlomo omile
- Ukutyunjwa
- Ukulala (ezinye izidakamizwa zinokumiselwa ukulala)
- Utywala
- Ukwandisa ukutya
- Ukuzuza ubunzima (kunokubaluleka)
- Umbono ogqabileyo
- Utshintsho kwizenzo zesondo
Ukuba uye waba nempendulo emibi kuTegretol (carbamazepine), okanye nayiphina imithi yonyango yangaphambili, qiniseka ukuba uxelele lo ugqirha ukuba ucinga ukuba uthatha i-tricyclic antidepressant.
Ukongezelela, kukho iingxelo zeintsana ezinengxaki xa oomama bathatha i-tricyclic antidepressants ekupheleni kokukhulelwa. I-Tricyclics idlula ubisi lwebele. Ukuba ukhulelwe, unesi okanye uceba ukukhulelwa, xubusha ngeenzuzo malunga nobungozi be-tricyclic anti-depressants kunye nogqirha wakho.
Ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa kunye neTricyclic Antidepressants
Ezinye zeempembelelo ze-tricyclic anti-depressants zinokuqiniswa ezinye iziyobisi. Ugqirha wakho kufuneka azi ukuba yiyiphi enye imichiza oyithathayo, kuquka amachiza enyango, izidakamizwa ezingaphezu kwee-counter, kunye nezidakamizwa zesitalato. Umzekelo:
- I-Tricyclics inokubangela i-cardiac arrhythmias-ngokukhawuleza, ukuphazamisa okanye ukunyaniseka kwentliziyo. Iziyobisi ezingenza oku kubi ngakumbi zibandakanya i-amphetamines, iipilisi zokutya, i-decongestants, imishanguzo yemithi kunye neyeza-asthma.
- Ukulala iipilisi, imishanguzo ye-antipsychotic, i-muscle relaxants, i-antihistamines, i-tranquilizers kunye neziyobisi ezinxilisayo kunokunyusa iipropliclic properties.
Ezinye iziyobisi ezingabangela iingxaki xa kuthathwe i-tricyclic antidepressants zibandakanya, kodwa azithethi:
- Iiyeza zengqondo
- Iziyobisi ezinqamle igazi
- Amachiza okwenza i-thyroid engasebenzi
- ITagamet (cimetidine)
- Iipilisi zengcinezelo yegazi
Ekugqibeleni, ubunzima, nokuba neengxaki ezibulalayo zingenzeka xa kudibanisa i-tricyclic antidepressants enye uhlobo lwe-antidepressants ebizwa ngokuba yi- MAO inhibitors , okanye xa usuka kwenye ukuya kwenye. Ukuthatha ezi zimbini iintlobo zezilwanyana kunye okanye kwiiveki ezimbini zomnye nomnye kunokubangela ukushisa komzimba ngokukhawuleza, uxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu lwegazi, ukuxhalabisa okukhulu kunye nokufa. Ugqirha wakho unokubahambisa ndawonye, kodwa le meko kufuneka ibe phantsi kolawulo lwangobugqirha.
Ngaphantsi kwi-Antidepressants
Nangona kukho ezininzi iintsholongwane ezichasayo zintsholongwane ezisebenza kubantu abaninzi, ngokuqhelekileyo ezineziphumo ezincinci, ezi ziyobisi zinendima ekwenzeni unyango. Ngaloo ndlela, ngamanye amaxesha banako ukulawula iimpawu zokudakumba ezingazange zilawulwe kumachiza omtsha. Ukongezelela, kubonakala ngathi banendima ekunyanga kweemeko ezinjengeentlungu ezingapheliyo.
Oko kwathiwa, i-tricyclic antidepressants kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokuqhekeza kubantu asebekhulile ngenxa yepropati yabo yecala, ngokukodwa izakhiwo zokukhusela kunye nemiphumo emibi efana ne-anticholinergic efana nokutywabalala, umbono obonakalayo kunye nokuqhaqha.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni imithi oyimiselweyo, kubalulekile ukuba ube nxaxheba ekunyamekeleni kwaye ukhuthaze iimfuno zakho zonyango. Thetha ugqirha ukuba iimpawu zakho azilawulwa ngamachiza akho, kwaye uthetha nayiphina imiphumo ebangela ukuba ufumane. Wonke umntu uhlukile, kwaye yodwa indlela ugqirha wakho azi ngayo ukuba uvakalelwa njani ngamachiza wakho ukuba ngaba uyabelana ngeengcamango zakho. Izimo ezinjenge-bipolar disorder kunye nokudakumba kunokuba nzima ukulawula kwaye kaninzi kufuna ukuba abanye bangaphuthelwa okanye balahleke ukuze bafumane irejimen yonyango. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi banako ukufumana ulawulo olufanelekileyo lweempawu zabo kunye nemiphumo emibi yecala.
Imiqondiso Yokuzibulala
Naliphi na ingxoxo malunga nokudakumba, kuya kuba nzima ukungazixeli. Ngelishwa, iinzame zokuzibulala kunye nokuzibulala eziyimpumelelo zixhaphake kakhulu kulabo abanexinzelelo. Ukuba wena okanye umntu obathandayo uhluphekile, uxinzelelo lwe-bipolar, okanye nasiphi na isifo sengqondo, ubuyekeze iimpawu zokuzibulala . Yaye uyazi ukuba kukho uncedo ngaphandle kweeyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngeveki. Yibiza i- National Prevention Assistance Prevention ifoni yakho nayiphi na ingxaki.
Imithombo:
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Caldwell, P., Sureshkumar, P., kunye noW. Wong. I-Tricyclic kunye neeDrugs ezinxulumene no-Nocturnal Enuresis kubantwana. I-Cochrane Database yeeNkqubo eziPhezulu . 2016. 20 (1): CD002117.
Jobski, K., Schmedt, N., Kollhorst, B., Krappweis, J., Schink, T., no-E. Garbe. Iimpawu kunye neendlela zokusetyenziswa kweMichiza yabaQala abaCindezelekileyo abakhathazekile kwiJamani. I-European Journal ye-Pharmacology . 2017. 73 (1): 105-113.