Ubunkokheli beMveli kunye noBulumko boMoya
Yintoni ebaluleke ngakumbi ekunqumeni ukuphumelela kwincwadi yokuphila-incwadi okanye i-street smarts? Lo mbuzo ufika entliziyweni yendibano ebalulekileyo ehluke ngokubaluleka kokubaluleka kwengqondo (IQ) kunye neengqondo zengqondo (EQ). Abaxhasi bezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-'book smarts' banokubonisa ukuba yi-IQ yethu edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqaliseni indlela abantu abafanelekileyo ngayo ebomini.
Abo baxhasa ukubaluleka kwezinto ezinokuthiwa 'izitrato zentsimbi' kunokubakhokelela ukuba i-EQ ibaluleke ngakumbi. Ngoko yintoni na?
Ukuqonda ukuxabana kwe-IQ ne-EQ
Ngo-1996 incwadi ethi Intelligence Intelligence , umbhali kunye nengcali yeengqondo uDaniel Goleman waphakamisa ukuba i-EQ (okanye i-intelligence quotient) ingabalulekanga ngakumbi kune-IQ. Ngoba? Abanye oogqirha beengqondo bakholelwa ukuba amanyathelo asemgangathweni weengcaphephe (oko kukuthi izikolo ze-IQ ) zincinci kwaye azibandakanyi uluhlu olupheleleyo lweengcinga zobuntu.
Ngokomzekelo, isazi senzululwazi u-Howard Gardner ucebise ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho alukho nje ubuchule obuqhelekileyo. Kunoko, ucebisa ukuba kukho ngokwenene iimbono ezininzi kwaye abantu banokuba namandla kwiindawo ezininzi.
Esikhundleni sokugxininisa kwisicatshulwa esisodwa, ngokuqhelekileyo esibizwa ngokuba yi- g factor , ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ukukwazi ukuqonda nokubonisa iimvakalelo kungadlala ngokulinganayo ukuba ngaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kwindlela abantu abahamba ngayo ebomini.
Yintoni eyahlukileyo phakathi kwe-IQ ne-EQ?
IQ ne-EQ zilinganiselwa njani kwaye zivavanywa njani? Masiqale ngokuchaza amacandelo amabini ukuze siqonde ukuba bathetha ntoni kwaye bahluke njani. IQ, okanye i- intelligence quotient , inombhalo ephuma kwi- test ye-intelligence test . Kwiimvavanyo ze-IQ zangaphambili, amanqaku aye kubalwa ngokuhlula iminyaka yengqondo yomntu ngexesha lakhe lokulandelana kwaye aphindiselele elo nani nge-100.
Ngoko umntwana oneminyaka engama-15 ubudala kunye nobudala bexesha eli-10 beza kuba ne-IQ ye-150. Namhlanje, amanqaku kwiimvavanyo ezininzi ze-IQ zibalwe ngokuthelekisa amanqaku omlinganiselo wokuvavanya kumanqaku abanye abantu abakwiqela elifanayo.
IQ ibonisa amakhono afana ne:
- Ukuboniswa kokubonakalayo kunye nendawo
- Ulwazi lwehlabathi
- Ukuqiqa
- Imemori yokusebenza kunye nememori yesikhashana
- Ukuqiqa ngobungakanani
I-EQ, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngumlinganiselo womgangatho womntu weengqondo zengqondo . Oku kubhekisela kumandla omntu okuqonda, ukulawula, ukuvavanya, nokuveza iimvakalelo. Abaphandi abanjengoJohn Mayer noPeter Salovey kunye nabalobi abanjengoDaniel Goleman baye banceda ukukhanyisa ukukhanya kwengqondo , okwenza kube yinto echaphazelayo kwimimandla esuka ekuphathweni kwamashishini ukuya kwimfundo.
I-EQ igxile kwizinto ezinjenge:
- Ukuchonga iimvakalelo
- Ukuphonononga indlela abanye abavakalelwa ngayo
- Ukulawula iimvakalelo zakho
- Ukuqonda indlela abanye abavakalelwa ngayo
- Ukusebenzisa iimvakalelo zokuququzelela ukunxibelelana kwezentlalo
- Ngokuphathelele kwabanye
Ukususela kuma-1990, ukuqonda kwengqondo kuye kwandula uhambo oluvela kumbono ongeyinto engacacileyo efunyenwe kwiimagazini zezemfundo kwigama elidumile. Namhlanje, ungathenga amathoyizi abangoo kunceda ukukhulisa ingqondo yengqondo yomntwana okanye ukubhalisa abantwana bakho kwiinkqubo zentlalo kunye nolwazi lwezemfundo (SEL) ezilungiselelwe ukufundisa izakhono zengqondo.
Kwezinye izikolo eUnited States, ukufunda kwezenhlalakahle kunye nemvakalelo yimiqathango yekharityhulam.
Yiyiphi Enye Ebaluleke Kakhulu?
Ngesinye isikhathi ngexesha, i-IQ ibonwa njengeyona nto iphambili yokuphumelela. Abantu abaphethe ii-IQ eziphezulu babecingelwa ukuba babekelwe ubomi bokufezekisa kunye nokuphumelela nabaphandi baxubusha ukuba ingqondo yinto yemveliso yendalo okanye imvelo ( ingxoxo endala ngokumalunga nokukhulisa ). Nangona kunjalo, abanye abahlalutyi baqala ukuqonda ukuba akukhona kuphela ukuqonda okuphakamileyo akukho siqinisekiso sokuphumelela ebomini, kwakhona mhlawumbi umgama onqabileyo ukuba udibanise ngokupheleleyo uluhlu olubanzi lwezakhono zabantu nolwazi.
IQ isabonwa njengento ebalulekileyo yokuphumelela, ngakumbi xa kufikelele kwimpumelelo yezemfundo. Abantu abane-IQ eziphezulu ngokuqhelekileyo benze kakuhle esikolweni, bafumana imali emininzi, kwaye bahlala bephilile ngokubanzi. Kodwa namhlanje iingcali ziyabona ukuba akusiyo kuphela isigqibo sokuphumelela empilweni. Esikhundleni salo, inxalenye yezinto ezintle ezichaphazelayo ezibandakanya ingqiqo phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Iingcamango zengqondo zengqondo zineempembelelo ezininzi kwiindawo ezininzi, kubandakanywa nezoshishino. Iinkampani ezininzi ngoku zigunyazisa ukuqeqeshwa kobuqili kunye nokusebenzisa iimvavanyo ze-EQ njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokuqesha. Uphando lufumene ukuba abantu abaneenkokeli ezinobungqina banamathele ngakumbi ngokomoya, bacebisa ukuba i-EQ ephakamileyo ngumgangatho obalulekileyo weenkokheli zoshishino nabaphathi.
Ngokomzekelo, inkampani yomshuwarensi enye ithola ukuba i-EQ inokudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimpumelelo yokuthengisa. Amagosa ezentengiso abeka ngaphantsi kwizakhono zengqondo zengqondo ezifana novelwano , isinyathelo kunye nokuzithemba zifunyenwe ukuthengisa imigaqo nge-premium ye-$ 54,000. Ukuthelekisa, abo bajonge abaphakamisa kakhulu kwiimilinganiselo ze-EQ bathengisa imigaqo-xabiso enokulingana nama-114,000.
Amandla angokomzwelo anokuchaphazela nokukhethwa komthengi xa bejongene nezigqibo zokuthenga. I-Nobel-prize winning psychologist uDaniel Kahneman uye yabona ukuba abantu bangathanda ukujongana nomntu abathembelayo nokuba bathande kunomntu abangenayo, nokuba oko kuthetha ukuhlawula ngaphezulu kwemveliso engaphantsi.
Ngaba Uyakwazi Ukufunda Ubulumko?
Ngoko unokuzibuza ukuba ingqiqo yeemvakalelo zibaluleke kakhulu, ingafundiswa okanye iqiniswe? Ngokomnye uhlalutyo lweemeta okhangela iziphumo zeenkqubo zokufunda nezentlalo, impendulo yalo mbuzo inguye ye-engqiqo. Uphononongo lufumene ukuba malunga neepesenti ezingama-50 zezingane ezibhalise kwiiprogram ze-SEL zineempumelelo eziphumelelayo kunye neepesenti ezingama-40 zabonisa ukuphucula amanqaku-ebakala. Ezi nkqubo zinxulumene nokunciphisa izinga lokumiswa, ukunyuka kwezikolo, nokunciphisa iingxaki zoluleko.
Ezinye izicwangciso zokufundisa iingqiqo zengqondo zibandakanya ukunikela imfundo yempawu, ukuziphatha ngendlela efanelekileyo yokuziphatha , ukukhuthaza abantu ukuba bacinge ngendlela abanye abavakalelwa ngayo, nokufumana iindlela zokuba novelwano kwabanye.
ILizwi
Impumelelo yoBomi yimbangela yezinto ezininzi. Bobabini i-IQ kunye ne-EQ ngokungathandabuzekiyo badlala indima ekuthinteleleni impumelelo yakho yonke, kwakunye nezinto ezifana nempilo, impilo kunye nolonwabo. Esikhundleni sokugxila kwizinto ezinokuba nempembelelo ephezulu, inzuzo enkulu inokufunda ekuphuculeni izakhono kwiindawo ezininzi.
Ukongezelela ekuqiniseni amakhono athile okuqonda njengememori yakho kunye nokugxilwa kwengqondo , unokufumana izakhono ezintsha zentlalo nezengqondo eziza kukhonza kwiindawo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zobomi bakho.
> Imithombo:
> Goleman, D. Intelligence Intelligence: Kutheni Kungabangela Okubaluleke Kunokuba IQ. ENew York: Indlu engaqhelekanga; 2012.
> Goleman, D. Ukusebenza Ngeengqondo Zengqondo. ENew York: Indlu engaqhelekanga; 2011.