I-AKA i-Illusion of Invulnerability
Nangona sihlala sithanda ukucinga ngathi sinengcamango kwaye sinengqiqo, abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba ingqondo yengqondo ngamanye amaxesha inethemba elinalo. Ukuba ubucelwe ukuba uqikelele ukuba kwenzeka njani ukuba ufumane umtshato, ukugula, ukulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi, okanye ingozi, unokungathinteli ukuba amathuba okunjalo aya kuphazamisa ubomi bakho.
Oku kungenxa yokuba ubuchopho bakho buye bwakhiwa ngokunyaniseka. Le nto ibhekwa ngokuba yinto "yokukhohlisa," "engathembekiyo," kunye "nenyaniso".
Le nkcazo isishukumisela ukuba sikholwe ukuba asinakukwazi ukufumana ubunzima kunye nokufumana ithuba lokuphumelela kunokuba inyaniso ingabonisa. Siyakholwa ukuba siya kuhlala ixesha elide kunomyinge, ukuba abantwana bethu baya kuba nobuqili kunomyinge, kwaye ukuba siya kuba nempumelelo ngakumbi ebomini kunomyinge.
Kodwa ngengcaciso, asinako konke ukuba ngaphezu komyinge.
Ukunyaniseka kwezinto ezixhomekeke kukukholelwa ukuba imiphumo yethu yokufumana imiphumo emibi iphantsi kwaye amathuba ethu okufumana iziganeko ezintle ziphezulu kunezoontanga zethu. Le ngqangi yachazwa ekuqaleni nguWeinstein (1980), ofumanisa ukuba ininzi yabafundi beekholeji bekholelwa ukuba amathuba abo ekuphuhliseni ingxaki yokusela okanye ukuhlukana kwabo bahlukane kunabanye abafundi.
Ngelo xesha, uninzi lwaba bafundi baye bakholelwa ukuba amathuba abo okufumana iziphumo ezintle ezifana nokuba nekhaya labo kwaye bahlala ekuguga babephezulu kakhulu kunontanga yabo.
Impembelelo ye-Bias Optimism Bias
Ukunyaniseka okuthethileyo akuthethi ukuba sinemibono ebomini ebusweni bethu.
Kungakhokelela ekukhombiseni izigqibo ezingalunganga , ngamanye amaxesha kukho iziphumo ezinobungozi. Abantu bangase basuke beqhekeza umzimba wabo wonyaka, bengazigqoki i-seatbelt yabo, bangaphuthelwa ukufaka imali kwi-akhawunti yabo yokugcina ngongxamiseko, okanye bahluleke ukubeka kwisikrini selanga ngenxa yokuba bayakholelwa ngokungafanelekile ukuba abanako ukugula, bangena engozini, badinga imali engaphezulu, okanye fumana umdlavuza wesikhumba.
Ingcali ye-neuroscientist uTali Sharot, umbhali we -Optimism Bias: Uhambo lwe-Brain Positive Brain , uthi amanqaku afanelekileyo kwaye angabonwa kwiinkcubeko kuwo wonke umhlaba. I-Sharot iphinda iphakamise ukuba ngelixa ukuxhamla kwezinto ezinokubangela ukungazenzisi kunokubangela ukuba iziphumo ezingalunganga ezifana nokuziphatha ngokuziphethe kakubi okanye ukwenza ukhetho olubi malunga nempilo yakho, lunokuba luncedo. Eli themba liphucula inhlalakahle ngokwenza umqondo wokulindela ngekamva. Ukuba silindele ukuba izinto ezintle zenzeke, sinokuzonwabisa. Eli themba, naye uchaze ngo-2012 TED Talk, angenza njengesiprofeto esizalisekisa. Ngokukholelwa ukuba siya kuphumelela, abantu banokuthi baphumelele.
Ukuba nethemba kusishukumisela ukuba siphishekele iinjongo zethu. Emva koko, ukuba asizange sikholwe ukuba siphumelele, kutheni sifunde ukuzama?
Iingcamango zinokuthi zithathe amanyathelo okukhusela impilo yazo njengokusebenzisa, ukuthatha amavithamini kunye nokutya okunesondlo.
Ngoko kutheni sizimisele ukwenza ithemba? Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ubuchopho bethu bunokuba bubuncwane bokuba bembona iglasi igcwele isigxina.
Abaphandi bacebise izizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo ezikhokelela ekuxhaseni ithemba, kubandakanywa izinto ezinokuqonda kunye nezizathu zokukhuthaza. Xa sivavanya ingozi yethu, siyaqhathanisa imeko yethu nakwabanye abantu, kodwa nathi sinamanye amazwe. Sigxininisa kuthi kunokuba sibone indlela esiqhathanisa ngayo nabanye.
Kodwa nathi sikhuthazwa kakhulu ukuba sibe nethemba.
Ngokukholelwa ukuba asinakwenzeka ukuba siphumelele kwaye sikwazi ukuphumelela, sinokuzithemba ngakumbi, amanqanaba angaphantsi okuxinzelelo kunye nentlalo efanelekileyo.
Izinto Ezingenza Ithemba Libe Ngakumbi Ukuba Kukhona
- Iziganeko ezingapheliyo ziyakwazi ukunyanzeliswa yintlonelo. Abantu bavame ukucinga ukuba abanakwenzeka ukuba banokuchaphazeleka ngezinto ezifana neziphepho kunye nezikhukula ngenxa yokuba ezi zinto aziqhelekanga iintsuku zonke.
- Abantu bafumana ukunyaniseka xa becinga ukuba iziganeko ziphantsi kolawulo oluchanekileyo kunye nempembelelo yomntu ngamnye. NjengoSharrot echazwe kwiTED Talk yakhe, akukhona ukuba abantu bakholelwa ukuba izinto ziya kusebenza ngokukhawuleza, zicinga ukuba zinezakhono nolwazi lokukwenza oko.
- Ukuba nethemba lokuxhamla kunokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke ukuba isiganeko esibi siyabonakala singenakwenzeka. Ukuba umzekelo, umntu ukholelwa ukuba ukufumana umdlavuza wesikhumba akunqabile kakhulu, mhlawumbi unokuba nethemba elingenakuqinisekiswa ngengozi.
Izinto ezenza ukunciphisa umcimbi weNkcazo ebonakalayo
- Uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba abantu abadandathekileyo okanye abanenkxalabo abanakwenzeka ukuba babe nethemba lokuba nethemba.
- Ukufumana imicimbi ethile kunokunciphisa ukunyaniseka.
- Abantu abanakukwazi ukufumana ukuxhamla kokuxhomekeka xa bethelekiswa nabathandekayo abasondeleyo njengabahlobo kunye namalungu entsapho.
Nangona abaphandi bazama ukunceda abantu banciphise ukunyaniseka, ngokukodwa ukukhuthaza ukuziphatha okufanelekileyo kunye nokunciphisa ukuziphatha okuyingozi, baye bafumanisa ukuba ukunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa i-bias kunzima kakhulu.
Kwizifundo ezibandakanya ukuzama ukunciphisa ukunyaniseka kwezinto ezinjengezenzo ezinjengokufundisa abathathi-nxaxheba ngengozi, ukukhuthaza amavolontiya ukuba acinge ngemimandla engozini, nokufundisa izifundo nokuba kutheni babengozini, abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba le migudu yabangela ukuba utshintsho oluncinane kwaye Kwezinye iziganeko ngokwenene kwandisa ukunyaniseka kwezinto. Ngokomzekelo, ukuxelela umntu ingozi yokufa kumkhwa othile othile njengokubhema kunokwenzela ukuba banakho ukukholelwa ukuba abayi kuchatshazelwa kakubi ngokuziphatha.
Funda kabanzi malunga neengcamango ezincinci ezinokuthi zinokuchaphazela izigqibo zakho kunye nokuziphatha:
> Imithombo:
> Boney-McCoy, S., Gibbons, FX, & Gerrard, M. (1999). Ukuzimelela, ukuKhucula ukuKhuthaza, nokuHlola ingozi yezeMpilo. Ubuntu kunye neNzululwazi yezeNtlalo, i-25 , 954-965.
> IiChambers, JR, & Windschitl, PD (2004). Izibhengezo zoLungiso lweNtlalo: Inxaxheba yezinto ezingabonakaliyo kwiMimandla engaphezulu kunye nokuPhatheka kweeMpawu eziPhambili. I- Psychological Bulletin, 130 , 813-838.
> Klein, WMP (nd). Ixabiso elifanelekileyo. National Cancer Institute.
> Sharot, T. (2012). I-Bias Optimism. TED2012.
> Weinstein, ND (1980). Ukungaqiniseki ngokuthe ngqo ngeZenzo zobomi bexesha elizayo. I-Journal of Personality and Psychology , 39, 806-820.
> Weinstein, ND, & Klein, WM (1995). Ukumelana neMingcipheko Yomntu Wobungozi kwiNkqubo yokungenelela. I-Psychology yezeMpilo, 14 (2), 132-140.