Abantu bavame ukuthetha ngezikolo eziphezulu kakhulu ze-IQ, ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba yiziqendu ze-IQ, kodwa zithini na ezi zibalo kwaye zithini na? Iinqununu ze-IQ eziphezulu zikwahlula ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- IQ ephakamileyo: Nayiphi na amanqaku angaphezu kwama-140
- I-Genius IQ Amanqaku: 160 kunye phezulu
- Genius engenakulinganiswa: Izikolo ezingama-200 nangaphezulu
Ingaba abantu abakwi-"Genius IQ" bhanki beyona nto ingcono kunezo "kwi-IQ ephakamileyo" okanye "i-Average IQ" mabakaki?
Ngaba iingcali ziphumelele kakhulu kunezinye zazo ezingezantsi-IQ?
Ezinye iingcali zibonisa ukuba ezinye izinto, kuquka ukuqonda kwengqondo , kunokubaluleke ngaphezu kwe-IQ .
Ukuphulwa kweeQ Scores
Umlinganiselo omyinge wokuvavanywa kwe-IQ ngowama-100. Amanqanaba angamashumi anesibhozo anesibhozo sama-IQ amanqaku awela ngaphantsi komlinganiselo omnye wezinga. Oko kuthetha ukuba uninzi lwabantu lunomlinganiselo we-IQ phakathi kuka-85 no-115.
- 1 ukuya kwi-24: Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
- 25 ukuya ku-39: Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
- 40 ukuya kwi-54: Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo ngokulinganayo
- 55 ukuya ku-69: Ukukhubazeka kanzima kwengqondo
- 70 ukuya ku-84: Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo komda
- 85 ukuya ku-114: Umyinge weengqondo
- 115 ukuya ku-129: ngaphezu komyinge; kukhanya
- 130 ukuya ku-144: Ilungelo elifanelekileyo
- 145 ukuya ku-159: Iphakamileyo kakhulu
- 160 ukuya ku-179: Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi
- I-180 kwaye iphakanyisiwe: Inamandla kakhulu
Ziziphi iinqununu ze-IQ ezithethayo
Yiyiphi na into eyenza ingqiqo yegoyi kwinqanaba lobulumko ? Ukuqonda amanqaku, kubalulekile kuqala ukufunda okunye malunga nokuhlolwa kwe-IQ ngokubanzi.
Iimvavanyo zengqondo zanamhlanje zisekelwe ngokubanzi kwiimvavanyo zokuqala ezaqulunqwa ekuqaleni kwee-1900 yi- French psychologyist Alfred Binet . Ukufumanisa abafundi abafuna uncedo olongezelelweyo esikolweni, urhulumente waseFransi ucele i-Binet ukuba ihlole uvavanyo olungasetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba ngabaphi abafundi abafuna kakhulu uncedo lwezemfundo.
Ngokusekelwe kuphando lwakhe, iBinet yavelisa ingqondo yengqondo. Abantwana bamaqela athile athile baphendula ngokukhawuleza imibuzo ethile. Abanye abantwana babekwazi ukuphendula kwimpendulo ephendulwa ngabantwana abaneminyaka yobudala, ngoko ke aba bantwana baneminyaka engaphezulu kwengqondo kuneminyaka yabo yangaphambili. Isilinganiselo se-Binet sengqondo sisekelwe kumakhono aphakathi kwabantwana beqela elidala.
Iimvavanyo zengqondo zenzelwe ukulinganisa ukuxazulula iingxaki zomntu kunye nobuchule bokuqiqa. Isilinganisi sakho se-IQ sisilinganiselo sesicatshulwa esilungeleyo kunye nesicatshulwa . Amanqaku akho kwi-IQ vavanyo ibonisa indlela oyenzileyo ngayo kwiimvavanyo zamakhono engqondo xa kuthelekiswa nabanye abantu kwiqela lakho leminyaka.
Ukuqonda iIQ izikolo
IQ izikolo zilandela okubizwa ngokuba yi-curve yentsimbi. Ukuqonda ukuba imilinganiselo yendlela yokuhlola ye-IQ ithetha, kukho imigaqo embalwa ebalulekileyo omele uyiqonde.
- Ikhonkco yeBell: Xa izikolo ze-IQ zicwangciswe kwigrafu, zilandele ijika elilo hlobo. Ingqungquthela ye "bell" ivela apho amaninzi amanqaku alala khona. Insimbi iya kumnquba kwicala ngalinye; Icala elinye limela amanqaku aphantsi kunomyinge , kwaye elinye icala limelela amanqaku angaphezu kwesilinganiso.
- Kuthetha ntoni: Kuthetha ukuba umlinganiselo ophakathi. Umyinge ubalwa ngokungeza zonke izikolo ndawonye, ngokohlula inani leenqaku.
- Ukuphambuka okuqhelekileyo: Lo ngumlinganiselo wokuhlukahluka kubemi. Ukuphambuka kwezinga eliphantsi kuthetha ukuba ininzi yeenkcukacha zedatha ziphantse kakhulu kwixabiso elifanayo. Ukuphambuka kwezinga eliphezulu kubonisa ukuba amaphupha eenkcukacha athambekele kakhulu ukusasazeka ukusuka kumyinge. Kuvavanyo lwe-IQ, ukuphambuka okuqhelekileyo kukudibanisa okanye kukunciphise 15.
IQ izikolo ziyakhula
IQ izikolo ziye zanda kunye nezizukulwana ezidlula. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yimpembelelo kaFlynn, eqanjwe ngumphandi uJames R.
Flynn.
Ukususela kuma-1930 xa iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo zaqala ukuqhutyelwa, abaphandi baye baqaphela ukwanda kwenani lokuvavanya phakathi kwabantu kwihlabathi lonke. UFlynn ucebise ukuba ukongezwa ngenxa yokuphucula amandla ethu ekuxazulula iingxaki, sicinge ngokucacileyo, kwaye sisebenzise ingqiqo.
Ngomxholo we-TED we-2013, uFlynn wachaza ukuba izizukulwana ezidlulileyo kwakufuneka zijongane neengxaki zekhonkrithi kunye neengxaki zeendawo ezikufutshane. Ngokwahlukileyo, abantu namhlanje kulindeleke ukuba bacinge ngakumbi ngeemeko ezingabonakaliyo kunye neengcinga. Akunjalo kuphela, kodwa indlela eya kwimfundo ishintshile ngokugqithiseleyo kwiminyaka engama-75 edlulileyo kwaye abantu abaninzi bathambekele kwimisebenzi echongwe njengento efunayo.
Ziziphi i-IQ ezilinganisayo
I-Logic, ukuqwashiswa kwendawo, ukuqiqa ngomlomo, kunye nezakhono ezibonakalayo zizinye zezona ndawo ziphambili ezihlolwe iimvavanyo ezininzi ze-IQ. Azinenjongo zokulinganisa ulwazi kwiinkalo ezithile zezifundo ezifana nokuhlolwa kwe-SAT kunye no-ACT.
Uvavanyo lwe-IQ alukho into ongayifunda ngokwenene ukuze uphucule amanqaku akho. Kunoko, le mvavanyo inomdla ngakumbi ekujongeni ubuchule bakho bokusebenzisa ingcamango ukuxazulula iingxaki, ukuqonda iipateni kunye nokudibanisa ngokukhawuleza phakathi kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zolwazi.
Nangona udla ukuva ukuba abantu abaqaqambileyo, kuquka u-Albert Einstein kunye noSteven Hawking, abanama-IQ angama-160 okanye ngaphezulu okanye ukuba abaviwa abathile bee-IQ ezithile, ezi manani ziqikelelwa. Kwinkoliso yezi ngxaki, abukho ubungqina bokuba aba bantu abaziwayo baye bafumana uvavanyo lwe-IQ oluqhelekileyo, makungabikho ulwabelana ngezi ziphumo kuluntu.
ILizwi
Imivavanyo ye-IQ ngokwenene inomdla, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba akuyena kuphela umlinganiselo weengcaphephe. Bajolise kwiinkalo ezithile zamakhono ethu kwaye, ngelixa bebonisa indlela umntu onokuqonda ngayo ukuba ngumfundi, kukho indawo ebomini ukuba umntu angcono kunabanye.
> Umthombo:
> Flynn JR. Kutheni iinqanaba zethu ze-IQ ziphezulu kunotatomkhulu wethu. TED Talk. 2013.