Ubomi bokuqala, umsebenzi, kunye negalelo kwi-Psychology
"Ngaphandle kwempumelelo, abantu abadala bafumana uvuyo emsebenzini owenziwe kakuhle. Ukufunda ngokwabo kunomvuzo." - Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi kusuka kuBuqili: Ukuhamba kunye neNzululwazi yokuThola nokuVikela , ngo-1996.
Yintoni eyaziwayo yiCsikszentmihalyi
UMahaly Csikszentmihalyi isazi senzululwazi owadala imbono yokuhamba. Uyaziwa ngokugqithiseleyo ngeengqondo kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo.
Ubomi bokuqala beCsikszentmihalyi
U-Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (obizwa ngokuba yi-HIGH-chick-me-HIGH-ee) wazalwa eFium, eItali, ngoku eyiRijeka, eCroatia, ngoSeptemba 29, 1934. Ekhulayo, wayenobuHungary, isiNtaliyane nesiJamani. Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II, wachitha ixesha kwikampu yasejele yaseNtaliyane apho wafumanisa khona i-chess. Ufumene ukudlala i-chess ukuba yindlela ehle kakhulu yokutshintsha ingqalelo yakhe kwinto eyenzekayo kuye, into ayikholelwayo yamnceda ukuba angcono kunabanye abaninzi.
Xa eneminyaka eyi-16, waya eSwitzerland apho wayenethuba lokuphulaphula uCarl Jung . Amava abe nempembelelo kuye. Kamva wachaza wathi, "Njengomntwana kwimfazwe ndandiyibona into engalunganga ngayo indlela abantu abadala-abadala ababendikhuphela ngayo-bahlela ukucinga kwabo." Ndizama ukufumana inkqubo engcono yokuyila ubomi bam. ezama ukujamelana neminye imiba emihle yoluntu. "
Emva kokufunda iincwadi ngoJung noFrud , uCsikszentmihalyi wanquma ukufudukela eMelika eneminyaka eyi-22 ukuze afunde i-psychology. Waya kwiYunivesithi yaseChicago apho wafumana i-BA yakhe ngo-1960 kunye neFP. ngo-1965. Ngowe-1969, wabuyela kwiYunivesithi yaseChicago njengoprofesa apho waqhubeka esebenza khona ngo-2000.
Umsebenzi weCsikszentmihalyi
UCsikszentmihalyi owaziwa kakhulu ngeengcamango zakhe zokuhamba , echazwe kwintsimi yakhe ye-1990 Ukuhamba: I-Psychology ye-Optimal Experience . Ngokutsho kweCsikszentmihalyi, abantu bayonwabile xa besesimweni sokuhamba, uhlobo lokukhuthazwa kwangaphakathi olubandakanya ukugxininisa ngokupheleleyo imeko okanye umsebenzi. Uchaza ukugeleza njengokuthi "ukubandakanya ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi ngenxa yayo." I-ego iyawa, ixesha lihamba. Usebenzisa izakhono zakho ngokusemandleni akho. "
Igalelo kwiNzululwazi
Imfundiso kaMihaly Csikszentmihalyi yokuhamba iqhubelele abantu kwiindawo ezininzi. Umongameli wangaphambili wase-US uBill Clinton kunye nobengumboninkulu waseBrithani uTony Blair babecelwa ukuba bayathonyelwa yincwadi yakhe yokuPhalaza: I-Psychology ye-Optimal Experience . UJimmy Johnson, owayengumqeqeshi waseDallas Cowboys, wasebenzisa iingcamango zeCsikszentmihalyi ukulungiselela i-Super Bowl ka-1993. Iingcamango zeCsikszentmihalyi ziye zachaphazela abantu kwishishini, urhulumente, imfundo kunye nobugcisa.
Iincwadi ezikhethiweyo zikaMihaly Csikszentmihalyi
UCsikszentmihalyi ungumlobi obalaseleyo, emva kokupapashwa kwamaqendu angaphezu kwe-120 kunye nezahluko zeencwadi kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengqondo.
Uphando lwakhe kunye nemibono yoluvuyo kunye nobuchule sele ludlale indima ebalulekileyo yentsholongwane enokwakheka kwengqondo. Nazi ezinye ezimbalwa ezikhethiweyo:
- Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1975). Ngaphandle kweBoredom kunye nokuxhalabisa: Ukufumana ukuhamba kweMisebenzi kunye neMidlalo, iSan Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Csikszentmihalyi, M. kunye noCsikszentmihalyi, IS, i-eds. (1988). I-Optimal Experience: Iingcali zeengqondo zogqithiso lwengqondo, iCambridge: I-Cambridge University Press.
- Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Ukuhamba: I-Psychology yeVakala eziPhezulu. ENew York: Harper noRow.
- Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). Ubuqili: Ukuhamba kunye neNzululwazi yokuThola nokuVikela. ENew York: Harper Perennial.
- Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1998). Ukufumana Umlambo: I-Psychology of Engagement With Life Day. Books Basic.
- Gardner, H., Csikszentmihalyi, M, noDamon, W. (2002). Ibhizinisi Elihle: Ubukhokeli, Ukugeleza, nokwenza Injongo. Books Basic.
Imithombo:
Cooper, A. (1998). Indoda efumene ukuhamba. Shambhala Sun. http://www.shambhalasun.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1942
Encyclopedia ye-World Biography. (2006). Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. UMichigan: Iqela leGale.
Geirland, uJohn (1996). Hamba nomsinga. Wired. http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.09/czik_pr.html
Sobel, D. (1995). Udliwano-ndlebe: Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. Omni 17 (4) , 73.