Kungaphezulu Kokubakho Okubi okanye Izinto Ezimbi
Umlwelwe ngumzimba ongapheliyo wengqondo obuninzi malunga neurolo yengqondo kunokuba ubonakaliso lwangaphandle lweengxaki zokuziphatha kunye nokukhetha okungalunganga, ngokubhekiselele kwiqela labagqirha bezokwelapha.
Ngo-Apreli 2011, i-American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) yakhulisa iNtsingiselo yayo yokuLungiswa kweMilo, leyo, okokuqala, idlulisela umlutha wokubandakanya ukuziphatha ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi.
Iqela leengcali ezingama-80 zomlutha zisebenza iminyaka emine ukufika kwingcaciso entsha yokulutha umlutha kwaye yagqiba ukuba umlutha ngowomgaqo-mpilo wengqondo-kungekhona ngokuziphatha kwangaphandle.
Umlutha Utshintsha I-System Brain's Remew System
Isibhengezo sisichaphazela umvuzo wakho, ukukhuthazwa, imemori, kunye neesekethe ezinxulumene neendlela ezenza ukuba izizathu zakho zitshintshwe ukwenzela ukuba iziphatho zakho zokulutha zibuyisele endaweni yokuziphatha, yokuziphatha ngokuzimela.
Inkqubo yesiphumo yengqondo iguqulwe ngendlela enokuthi imemori yembuyekezo yangaphambili-ibe yinto yokutya, isondo, okanye iziyobisi-inokubangela impendulo yezinto eziphilayo kunye nokuziphatha ukubandakanya ukuziphatha komlutha kwakhona, nangona imiphumo emibi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nangona ungasayi kuvuyela umsebenzi.
Ulawulo lweMpembelelo luye lwaguquka
Umlutha uphinde uthinte i-cortex yangaphambili yengqondo yakho ngendlela yokuguqula ukulawula kwakho nokugweba .
Oku kubangela " ukuphishekela umvuzo wemali," i-ASAM ithi xa umlutha ebuyela ekuziphatheni komlutha ukuze "azive ejwayelekile."
I-cortex yangaphambili ibandakanyeka ekunqandeni ukunyaniseka nokulibazisa ukuxhaswa. Ngenxa yokuba le ndawo yengqondo iqhubeka ikhula ibe yintshukumo yabantu abadala, iingcali ze-ASAM zikholelwa ukuba yintoni eyenza ukuqala ukuvela kwizinto zixhomekeke ekuphuhlisweni komlutha emva koko.
Iimpawu zoLungiso
Ngokomgaqo we-ASAM, umlutha ubonakaliswe ngu:
- Ukungakwazi ukuhlala ngokukhawuleza
- Ukukhubazeka ekulawuleni ukuziphatha
- Ukukhanga okanye ukwandisa "ukulamba" kweziyobisi okanye amava avuzayo
- Ukunciphisa ukuqaphela iingxaki ngokuziphatha kwakho nobudlelwane
- Impendulo yeempembelelo ezingasebenzi
Ezinye iziMpawu zoLungiso
Le miqathango iphinda ibonakale emlonyeni:
- Iminqweno kunye nokuziphatha okuluthayo kubangelwa yimigaqo yangaphandle
- Umngcipheko wokubuya kwakhona emva kwexesha elide lokuziyeka
- Ukuchasana ukutshintsha nangona iimeko zikhula
Ukulawulwa Kokukhubazeka kunye neengxaki zokugweba
I-ASAM ithi ukubonakaliswa kokuziphatha kunye neengxaki zokulutha, ngenxa yokulawulwa kakubi, kunokuquka:
- Ukubandakanya ukuziphatha okungaphezulu komlutha kunokuba uzimisele
- Ukunyuka kwexesha elilahlekileyo emsebenzini okanye esikolweni
- Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi eziqhubekayo ngaphandle kwemiphumo yomzimba okanye yengqondo
- Ukunciphisa umyalezo wakho wokuziphatha umlutha; Ngokomzekelo, usela kuphela uhlobo oluthile lwenkunkuma ethile
- Ukungabi nokulungela ukufumana uncedo, nangona ukuvuma ingxaki
Umlutha Ungenza Iinguqu Zengqondo
Izinguqu ezinokwenkcazo kwi-addiction zingabandakanya:
- Ukukhathazeka ngento okanye ukuziphatha komlutha
- Ingqondo eguqulwayo yempembelelo kunye neengxaki zokuziphatha kakubi
- Inkolelo yamanga ukuba iingxaki zakho aziyiyo imiphumo ebangelwayo yobunzima
Umlutha Unokubangela Ukutshintsha Kwemvakalelo
I-ASAM ikholelwa ukuba utshintsho lweemvakalelo ekugqithiseni luquka:
- Ukuxhalaba, ukwanda kwesifo, kunye nentlungu
- Iimeko zibonakala zixinzeleleke ngakumbi kunokuba zikhona
- Ukubunzima ukuchonga nokuvakalisa iimvakalelo
Isizathu Senkcazo Entsha yoLungiso
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ukuxilongwa kwe-addiction kuye kwagxila ekubonakalweni kwangaphandle kwezenzo zomntu, ezinokuthi zibonwe kwaye ziqinisekiswe ngamanqaku asemgangathweni . Inkcazelo entsha yobuthakathaka kunoko igxile kwizinto ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwakho, kwingqondo yakho.
Iingcali ze-ASAM zithemba ukuba inkcazelo yabo entsha ikhokelela ekuqondeni ngcono inkqubo yesifo, abayithethayo i-biological, yengqondo, yentlalo, kunye nokomoya ekubonakalisweni kwayo. Umlutha ungabonakalisa kwiindlela ezininzi ezingaphaya kokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi.
Impembelelo Yonyango
Ngokwesiko, abantu abanezidakamizwa baye bafuna kwaye bafumana unyango lwezinto ezithile okanye ukuziphatha. Ngamanye amaxesha kuye kwaphumela ekubeni umntu abekele omnye umlutha omnye- okokuthi i-ASAM ibiza "ukuphishekela ukufumana umvuzo" -ngenxa yokuba isizathu esingazange siphathwe.
I-ASAM ibonisa ukuba unyango olunzulu lwezobisi kufuneka lujolise kuyo yonke into esebenzayo kunye nezinto ezinokuthi zenze umlutha. I-ASAM yayiqaphele ukubonisa ukuba into yokuba umlutha uyisifo esiyintloko, isifo esingapheliyo sobuchopho asinakuqhelisa izilonda zokuthatha uxanduva lokuziphatha kwabo.
Njengokuba abantu abanesifo senhliziyo okanye isifo sikashukela kufuneka bathathe uxanduva lwabo lokulawula isigulo sabo, ukuba unomlutha, kufuneka uthabathe amanyathelo afunekayo ukunciphisa ithuba lakho lokuphindaphinda , u-ASAM uthe.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Society of Addiction Medicine. Inkcazo yoLungiso. Epapashwe ngo-Ephreli 19, 2011.
> I-American Society of Addiction Medicine. Inkcazo yoLungiso: Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo (PDF) . Epapashwe ngo-Ephreli 19, 2011.