I-Biography ye-Psychologist
USolomon Asch wayengumcebisi wezengqondo zentlalo, mhlawumbi ukhumbula ngokugqithiseleyo uphando lwakhe kwi-psychology of conformity . UAsch wathatha indlela yeGestalt ekufundeni ukuziphatha kwentlalo, ebonisa ukuba izenzo zentlalo kufuneka zijongwe ngokwemimiselo yazo. Uvavanyo lwakhe oludumileyo lwabonisa ukuba abantu baya kutshintsha impendulo yabo ngenxa yoxinzelelo loluntu ukuze bahambisane nalo lonke iqela.
Ngomhla ka-2002 ukuhlaziywa kwamanye ama-psychologist aphezulu kakhulu kwikhulu leminyaka le-20, uAsch wayebekwe njengowesi-psychologist esicatshulwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo-41.
"Ingqondo yomntu iyilungu lokufumanisa iinyaniso kunokobuxoki." -Solomon Asch
Ukuzalwa nokufa:
- USolomon Eliot Asch wazalwa ngoSeptemba 14, 1907 eWarsaw, ePoland.
- Wafa ngoFebruwari 20, 1996 e-Haverford, ePennsylvania eneminyaka eyi-88.
Ubomi bakhe bokuqala
USolomon Asch wazalelwa eWarsaw kodwa wathuthela eUnited States ngo-1920 eneminyaka eyi-13. Intsapho yakhe yayihlala eMzantsi East Side eManhattan waza wafunda isiNgesi ngokufunda imisebenzi kaCharles Dickens. UAsch waya kwiKholeji yeSixeko saseNew York waza waphumelela kwisikolo sakhe se-bachelor degree ngo-1928. Waye waya e-Columbia University, apho waqeqeshwa nguMax Wertheimer waza wafumana i-degree yakhe inkosi ngo-1930 kunye neFP. ngowe-1932.
Umsebenzi Wakhe kunye noPhando loPhando
Ngethuba leminyaka yokuqala yeMfazwe Yehlabathi II xa uHitler ephakamileyo yamandla, uSolomon Asch waqala ukufunda impembelelo yenkohlakalo kunye nokufundiswa kwexesha xa wayenguprofesa kwiSebe leengqondo zeBrooklyn eBrooklyn.
Wasebenzisa nje ngo-profestile iminyaka engama-19 kwi-College yaseSwartthmore, apho wayesebenzisana nodokotela wezengqondo uGestalt owaziwayo uWolfgang Köhler.
Kwakuphakathi kwee-1950, uAsch waba udumo ngokulandelelanisa kwakhe (okubizwa ngokuba yi- Asch yokuzivumelanisa nokulandelelana ) okubonise imiphumo yoxinzelelo loluntu ngokuvumelana.
Ngaba abantu babeya kuba bahamba kangakanani ukuhambelana nabanye kwiqela? Uphando luka-Asch lubonise ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba babenokumangalisa ukuba bahambelane neqela, nangona xa bekholelwa ukuba iqela aliyilunganga. Ukususela ngo-1966 ukuya ku-1972, u-Asch wayephethe isihloko somlawuli kunye noprofesa owaziwayo weengqondo kwiziko leZifundo zeCognitive kwiYunivesithi yaseRuthgers.
Yayinjani Imirhumo kaSolomon Asch kwiNgqondo?
USolomon Asch uthathwa njengenguvulindlela wengqondo yengqondo kunye neengqondo zeGestalt. Uvavanyo lwakhe oluhambelanayo lubonise amandla omoya lwentlalo kwaye lusebenza njengomthombo wokuphefumlelwa kwabaphandi bezengqondo zentlalo namhlanje. Ukuqonda ukuba kutheni abantu bahambelane kwaye phantsi kweemeko zini abaya kulwa neenkolelo zabo ukuze bahambelane nesihlwele kungekhona nje kunokunceda abanokholo beengqondo ukuba baqonde ukuba ukuvumelana kuya kwenzeka kodwa kwinto enokuyenza ukukhusela.
UAsch naye wongezelela i - Ph.D Stanley Milgram . kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard kunye nokuphefumlelwa kweMilgram yocwaningo olunzulu kakhulu malunga nokuthobela . Umsebenzi we-Milgram wawunceda ekuboniseni ukuba abantu baya kude kangakanani ukuthobela umyalelo kumntu ogunyazisiweyo.
Nangona umsebenzi ka-Asch ubonisa indlela uxinzelelo lwabaontanga oluchaphazela ngayo ukuziphatha kwentlalo (kaninzi ngeendlela ezimbi), u-Asch wayenokholo lokuba abantu babehlala beziphatha ngokufanelekileyo.
Amandla eemeko kunye noxinzelelo lweqela, nangona kunjalo, kunokubakhokelela ekuziphatheni ngaphantsi kokuziphatha kakuhle kunye nokwenza izigqibo.
Iincwadi ezikhethiweyo zikaSolomon Asch:
- Asch, SE (1951). Iimpembelelo zengcinezelo yeqela phezu kokuguqulwa nokuphazamiseka kwesigwebo. Ku-H. Guetzkow (ed.) Amaqela, ubunkokeli kunye namadoda. Pittsburgh, PA: I-Carnegie Press.
- Asch, SE (1955). Iingcamango kunye noxinzelelo loluntu. Scientific American, 193, 31-35.
- Asch, SE (1956). Izifundo zokuzimela kunye nokuhambelana: Incinci enye inxamnye nesininzi. IiNgqungquthela zeeNgqondo, i-70 (Ewonke nombolo 416).
- Asch, SE (1987) Ingqondo yengqondo. I-Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198521723
Imithombo:
I-Rock, i-Irvin, i- The Legacy kaSolomon Asch: Iimvavanyo kwiCognition kunye ne-Psychology. Hillsdale, eNew Jersey: uLawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN 0805804404; 1990.
I-Stout, uDolomon Asch Ufile kwi-88; I-Psychologist. I-New York Times ; 1996.