Ukuqonda iiMpawu zokuqala ze-ADHD
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufunda malunga neempawu zokuqala ze-ADHD kwizingane ezineminyaka engama-1000 ubudala-kunye neendlela, i-ADHD inokuphazamisa ukuziphatha komntwana kunye nokufunda. Xa abazali, abanonophelo kunye nootitshala bayazi kwaye bafundiswa nge-ADHD, banokusebenza ngokuthe xaxa ekufumaneni amasu afanelekileyo kunye nokungenelela ngaphambi kokuba umntwana akhule umzekelo wokuziphatha okubi okanye ukuzithemba.
Ukungenelela kwangethuba kunokunokuthintela ukuvela kwempawu ezongezelelweyo kunye neemeko zesibini ezifana nokuxhalaba okanye ukuziphatha okuchasayo . Ukongezelela, xa abazali nabafundisi bekwazi ukuqonda le miqondiso kunye nokuphazamiseka, banokukwazi ukunyamezela nokuqonda aba bantu basesikolweni kwaye banokusebenzisa iindlela ezincedisayo kwaye bafumane isicwangciso esisebenzayo ukulungisa iingxaki ngokuchasene ukuphendula ngeendlela ezinokunyusa iimpawu.
Izibonakaliso zokuqala
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukukhuphaza kwaye ukuhlukanisa ukuphuhliswa okuqhelekileyo kokulawulwa kwengqwalasela kunye nempembelelo kunye nokukwazi ukugxila kunye nokulawula ukuxhatshazwa kwemvelo kwiimpawu ze-ADHD ezingaqhelekanga . Ukuchonga i-ADHD kwiminyaka yobudala benkwenkwezi kufuneka ukuba ubuchule obuphezulu beklinikhi. Kulo mncinci, kunzima ukuhlula nokuhlukanisa iinkalo zokuziphatha ezihambelana ne-ADHD kwizinto eziziphathayo ezenzeka kwizingane ezikhulayo.
Eli nqaku liza kugxininisa kwezinye zeendlela zokuziphatha zokuqala ezinokuthi zidibaniswe ne-ADHD kwiminyaka eminci yokuqala ngokuqala.
Iimpawu zoMngcipheko
- Uluhlu lokulinda ukujika
- Iphazamisa abanye
- Ingena kwindawo okanye imida
- Ikhupha ngezwi
- Uphendulela ngaphandle kwengcamango - okanye ingozi yenzeke
- Ubunzima ngokulibaziseka
- Unzima ukulawula iimvakalelo ezingonwabanga
Abantwana abangenangqiqo banenkxalabo yokuvimbela ukuziphatha kwabo neempendulo. Bavame ukusabela ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokuqwalasela iziphumo . Baya kugxina kwiimeko, bahlala bengengozini, kwaye bavame ukuzibeka kwiimeko ezinobungozi ngaphandle kokucinga-baphuma kwisitrato ukufumana ibhola, bekhwela kwipestile yesibini yesibini ukuze babone umbono, bebetha izinja zabo indawo abaye bayifumana kwaye iipumpo zabo ziye zagodla! Isixa solawulo oluqhubekayo ezi ntwana zifuna ukunyanzela umzali notitshala.
Njengabazali okanye utitshala, kunceda ukugcina engqondweni ukuba ukuziphatha kuyinkathazo, kodwa umntwana akayiyo ingxaki yokuziphatha. Ngoko ke ingongoma kukuba abantwana abane-ADHD abayicingi nje ingxaki, bavele baphendule kwaye emva koko banokuvakalelwa kukuba kwenzeke ntoni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iinjongo zabo zilungile, kodwa isiphumo sendlela yokuziphatha singenza iimeko ezininzi ngenxa yokuba ziqhutywa ngethuba.
Ukuguquka kwaye ukunyamezela kunzima kakhulu. Ukukwazi ukulibazisa impendulo, kunye nokulibazisa ukuxhaswa okanye ukulinda imivuzo emikhulu kunzima kumntwana ongenomdla.
Bavame ukuphazanyisa, ukungena kunye nokuhlasela abanye indawo. Ubomi babo bunokuvakalelwa ngolo hlobo ngamanye amaxesha ukwenzela ukuba babalekise le mvakalelo, basabela ngokuzama ukulawula okungakumbi , babe ngabaphathi kwaye bathathe uxanduva lokudlala kunye noontanga okanye ekusebenzisaneni nabantu abadala. Ukuziphatha kwabo kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukubeka kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo banokuba nobudlova kwaye babhubhise, njengoko basabela ngokukhawuleza ukuba baxakeke ngokubetha, ukutshabalalisa okanye ukuphonsa izinto. Ukusebenzisana kunokukhawuleza kube ngqubana.
Abantwana abanomdla bahlala benzima ukulawula iimvakalelo zabo ezinzima kunokuba babe nomsindo kunye nentlungu .
Basenokuhlala bexakeka okanye bavuthayo - abahlali nje kuphela kunomntwana ngaphandle kwe-ADHD kodwa banamandla kakhulu kwaye bazaliswe. Iimvakalelo zabo zingenakulinganiswa - ungeke ukwazi ukuba uza kuthabani usuku nosuku, iyure ukuya kwiyure, okanye kwimizuzu ukuya kumzuzu. Ngomzuzu bangaphinda baqhube kwaye emva koko banako ukuhamba kwaye bangaqinisekanga ukuba yiyiphi into engqubana nayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, banokutshatyalaliswa kwaye bathathe ixesha elide ukuhlaziya nokuhlaziya.
Ezi ntwana nazo ziyakhathazeka kakhulu - zivakalelwa izinto kakhulu - zibeka intliziyo yabo kwimikhono yabo. Baya kuba besengozini kwaye ukuguqulwa ukuya kweso sikolo kunokuba nzima. Isikolo sokuqala sixesha apho abantwana baqala ukuhlalisana kunye nokufunda malunga nokusebenzisana kunye nabanye . Kufuneka bafunde indlela yokusebenzisana kwisilungiselelo seqela (sebenzisana, ulinde, ubeke isandla, ubalekise ukuthotywa), kodwa kubantwana abane-ADHD, oku kungaba yintshintsho enkulu.
Ukuziphatha okungenangqondo kunokubhekwa njengento enqwenelekayo okanye ukuzingca kwaye kungabanceda abanye - ngakumbi xa umntwana engabonakali kakubi ngenxa yokuziphatha kwakhe kwaye akabonakali ukufunda kwiimpazamo. Ukuxhalabisa ngokweqile, ukukhawuleza ukuthukuthela, ukukhungatheka lula ngezinto, ukulungelelaniswa okuphantsi, iingxaki zokuguqula ukutshintsha - le micimbi yenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunye nokusebenzisana nzima kunzima.
Iimpawu zokungasebenzi
- Ishukumisa ngokugqithiseleyo
- Fidgety, squirmy, wiggly
- Ngunaphakade ekuhambeni
- Apheli
- Ikhupha kwaye iphazamise
- Njengebhokisi lengxoxo, uthetha ngokugqithiseleyo
Ukunyaniseka akukona nje izinga eliphezulu lemisebenzi yeemoto kodwa kwaye kungabonakaliyo kwaye kuyabonakala kungenasiphelo - umsebenzi ongenamsebenzi wokungazinzi, ukunyuka ngokugqithiseleyo, ukuxubha, ukugubha, ukuwa phantsi kweehlalo, ukunyuka, ukugijima nokuzulazula-kwaye wenze njalo ngamaxesha angafanelekanga ngeendlela eziphazamisayo okanye eziphazamisayo xa umntwana ekufuneka aphulaphule okanye ahlale ehleli. Ezi ntwana zivame ukuba ngathi ziqhutywa yi-motor - zihlala zihamba kwaye zihlala zingenasiphelo. Ngokuqhelekileyo banokuba banqabile kangangokuthi abanakuze batyeke ngenxa yokuba abanako ukuhlala bude ngokwaneleyo. Zingaba zikhuthele kangangokuthi ukucotha ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo lokutya okanye ukuya kwindawo yokuhlambela kunzima.
Abancinci banokuvakala kakhulu kwaye baphazamise. Bangakwazi ukuthetha ngokungapheliyo, ukwenza izandi kunye nemisindo, bebuza imibuzo, kwaye bathetha ngokuqhubekayo kunye nokuhlaziya okusebenzayo. Banobunzima obunzima bokulawula umgangatho wabo wokusebenza kwaye abanakubonakala bezimele, kwaye bafuna ukulungiswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokungenelela ngabazali nootitshala.
Ukulala kudla ngokuba ngumcimbi. Kungaba nzima ukuba la bantwana bahlale phantsi ngokwaneleyo ukuze balale kwaye ke xa balala, ngokuqhelekileyo bahlala bengenasiphelo. Bahlala bekhupha kwaye beqhayisa ukuya kwiiyure zokuqala. Oku kwakhona kunzima kakhulu kubazali ... ngokungakhankanywa kweempawu ze-ADHD zinokuba nzima ngakumbi xa umntwana engalali ukulala. Ngoko ke banokucaphukisa ngakumbi, bekhawuleza ukuphazamiseka, ukunyanzelisa, kunye nokuphazamiseka.
Kakade akubona bonke abantwana abane-ADHD babonisa ukungaxhatshazi kunye nokungafuneki; kukho ngokwenene iintlobo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo ze-ADHD - uhlobo olubi kakhulu-uhlobo olushukumisayo, uhlobo oluthile lokungathobeli , kunye nohlobo oludibeneyo - apho umntwana ebonakalisa iimpawu ezingenakwenzeka kwaye ezingathandabuzekiyo.
Noko ke, ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokungafuneki, kunjalo, ngokuqhelekileyo kubonwa njengeengxaki eziphambili kula bantwana abancinci. Imiba enolwazi ngokuqhelekileyo ibonakala ngakumbi xa umntwana ekhula, engena esikolweni ibanga kwaye ibhekane neemfuno ezongezelelweyo zokugxila. Kwakhona, ukuziphatha okunyanzelekayo kunye nokunyamekela kudla ukubonwa kwangaphambili ngenxa yokuba ziphazamisa kakhulu.
Iimpawu zokungathobeli
- Unzima ukugcina ingqalelo kwimisebenzi okanye kwimidlalo yokudlala
- Ukuphazamiseka ngokukhawuleza
- Izitshixo ezisuka kwimisebenzi enye engagqityiweyo ukuya kutsho
- Akubonakali ukuphulaphula xa uthethwa
- Ubunzima kwezi zikhokelo
- Ngokuqhelekileyo ukulibala kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla
- Udlala kuphela, "kwilizwe lakhe"
- Ngomhla
Ixesha lokungqalelo kwexesha elide lilahlekisa. Abantwana abane-ADHD banenkxalabo yokulawula ingqalelo yabo. Kukho ezinye izinto, ngokukodwa imisebenzi evuselela kwaye inomdla, ukuba iyakwazi ukugxininisa kwaye ngokwenene ibe nzima ukuguqula ingqalelo yabo. Nangona kukho eminye imisebenzi abanengxaki yokugxila okanye yokugcina ingqwalasela. Kananjalo banokuba neengxaki ekugxininiseni into eyodwa kuphela, kuba bahlala bekela ingqalelo yonke into ehamba kuyo-izinto, izandi, okanye iingcamango zabo. Ngoko umntwana uphazamiseka yizinto zonke, ukutshintsha ukusuka kwenye into ukuya kwenye.
Umntwana one-ADHD unokufumana ezininzi iingxaki zokuphulaphula, ukukhumbula, kunye nezikhokelo ezilandelayo . Kungabonakala ukuba bayaphikisana xa bengayilandeleli indlela efanelekileyo xa belahlekile ezinye zezikhokelo. Baqala umsebenzi ngaphandle kokuphulaphula imiyalelo epheleleyo okanye baqwalasela ekuqaleni baze bathuthule ekupheleni kwemiyalelo ukuze baqhube iinkqubo ezithile kwaye badideke xa abanye bexhalabile kubo.
Enye into eyenzekayo kukuba aba bantwana abancinci bangavelisa izikhalazo ekufundeni kuba bahlala bephosakele kakhulu ulwazi olunikezelwa kubo. Abantwana abane-ADHD banamathuba athile okukhula ngokuvuthiweyo kunokontanga yabo, ngoko ke oku phezulu kwezikhefu ekufundeni kunokubangela ukulibaziseka kwimisebenzi yophuhliso ezifana nokuqeqeshwa kwindlu yangasese kunye nokuphuhlisa ulwimi.
Umntwana onempawu ezingalindelekanga unokuchazwa njengemini okanye ukucima okanye ukubeka indawo. Bangadlala bodwa bodwa. Ziba lula ngokukrakra, ngoko-ke hambani ukusuka kumsebenzi omnye ongagqityiweyo ukuya kutsho. Basenokuba nomzekelo wokungahambisani nokuziphatha kwabo, ukukhumbula olunye usuku, kodwa baphazamise okwalandelayo ... kodwa kwakhona ukungafunyanwanga akuqhelekanga njengengxaki kule minyaka emncinci. Akunjalo nje ngokuphazamiseka njengendlela yokuziphatha okungaxhamliyo / engachukumisi kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ayibonakali kwaze kwaba yilapho umntwana engena esikolweni sebanga. Oko akuthethi ukuba le mpawu ayithobeliyo kwaye ingabangela iingxaki, ziyakwazi ukuphawula kwaye zichongwe ngokulula.
Uxinzelelo lwabazali
Kukho ukhathazeka kakhulu kubazali xa izibonakaliso ze-ADHD zivele zibonakalise kakhulu kule minyaka yokuqala. Abafundi besikolo esinama-ADHD banokuthi baxoshwe ekunakekelwa kwamasango kunye nasezikolweni zasesikolweni, ngoko ke abazali bahlala benenkcenkcesho yokunakekela abantwana. Aba bafana banamathuba amaninzi okulimala ngengozi-ukulimala kokuwa kwefenitshala emva kokunyuka okugqithiseleyo, ukuwa okanye ukuxhuma ngaphandle kweefestile okanye ukukhupha, ukukhutshwa okungaxelwanga kunye nokuma emotweni okanye ekuhambeni, mhlawumbi ukusela ngokungeyiyo ubuthi - kwindwendwe engxamisekileyo yamagumbi. Zifuna iphakamileyo eliphezulu lokubeka iliso kunye nokulawula rhoqo. Kucacile ukuba, ezi ziphatha kakubi kunye nesidingo sokunyamekela rhoqo ukuze ugcine umntwana wakho ukhuselekileyo unokungcola.
> Umthombo:
> UGeorge DuPaul, uGary Stoner. I-ADHD kwiZikolo: Uvavanyo kunye neSicwangciso soNxibelelwano. Guilford Press. 2003.
> URichard Lougy, uSilvia DeRuvo, uDavid Rosenthal. Ukufundisa Abantwana Abancinci abane-ADHD: Amaqhinga aphumelelayo kunye noNcedo oluSebenzayo lwe-PreK-3. Corwin Press, 2007.
> UCathy Reimers, uBruce A. Brunger. I-ADHD kwiNcinci yoMntwana: Isikhokelo sabazali kunye nootitshala bezingane ezincinci ezine-ADHD. Inkcazo ekhethekileyo. 1999.
> UWilliam Sears, uLynda Thompson. INcwadi ye-ADD: Ukuqonda okuNtsha, iindlela ezintsha zokuzala umntwana wakho. Omncinci, uBrown, kunye neNkampani. 1998.