Inani elithile lexhala liyinxalenye eqhelekileyo yophuhliso lomntwana. Ukuxhalabisa okufutshane, ukukhathazeka kobumnyama, abantu abangaziwayo, izandi ezivakalayo okanye izivunguvungu zonke iinkxalabo eziqhelekileyo abantwana banokuziva njengoko bekhula kwaye bekhula.
Ubushushu bungabangela ukuxinzelela kunye neengcinga zokuzikhumbuza okongeza kwixhala. Abantwana abane- ADHD banakho ixesha elinzima kakhulu.
Ukukhungatheka kunye nobunzima obuphindaphindiweyo kwiintlalontle zentlalo kunye nokusebenza kwesikolo kunokukhokelela ekwenzeni ukhathazeka ngenxa yokwenza iintloni phambi koontanga, kunye nokwesaba ngokuyeka abazali okanye ootitshala. Nangona le mvakalelo iyinto eqhelekileyo, ukuba ayinakuphulukana nexesha kwaye kunokuba iqhubele phambili okanye iqalise ukuphazamisana nemisebenzi yamalanga ngemihla, kunokubakho isizathu esithile sokukhathazeka.
Phantse ama-5% ukuya kwi-10% yabantwana emzabalazweni jikelele wabantu abaneengxaki zokuxhalabisa . Phakathi kwabantwana abane-ADHD, izinga libonakala likhulu nakakhulu. Isinyathelo sokuqala ekuncedeni umntwana ukulawula nokulwa nokuxhalaba kukuqonda, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha oku kunokuba nzima. Abantwana abanenkxalabo banokuhlala bezolile, banamahloni, baqaphele kwaye bahoxiswe. Baya kuba banelisekile kwaye banqwenela ukukholisa abantu abadala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umntwana oxhalabileyo unokuthi "asebenze" ngomsindo , ekhala, ekhuselekileyo nokungathobeli. Ezi ziphatha zinokuthi zichazwe ngokuchaseneyo kwaye "zinzima" xa zixhomekeke kwixhala.
Njengomzali, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ezinye iindlela zokuxhalabisa okukhulu ezingabonakaliswa kubantwana. Ngolwazi olwandisiweyo, uya kukwazi ukungenelela kwangaphambili kwaye ufumane uncedo.
Ukuhlukana
Abantwana abaneenkxalabo zokuhlukana nokuxhalaba ngokugqithiseleyo kokuhlukaniswa nomakhaya kunye nabazali, umgcini-nkonzo, okanye umntu oqhotyoshelwe kuyo.
Umntwana unokuhlakulela ukuxhalabisa kwinqanaba lokutshatyalaliswa, ukungafuni ukuya esikolweni, ukuphosa umfutho omkhulu, kunye nokunamathela kumzali. Unokwenkqiswa ngenxa yokwahlukana nakwixesha elifutshane.
Ukulindeleka nje ukuhlukana kungabangela uxinzelelo olubi kunye neengcamango ezinobungozi. Kukho nzima ukuba aba bantwana balele bodwa ngenxa yokuhlukana okwenzeka ngexesha lokulala kweeyure. Ezi ntwana zingaphinda ziphindwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye zikhononda ngezibonakalo zomzimba ezinjengeentloko okanye izihlungu zesisu ezibangelwa kukuxhalabisa.
Ukuxhalabisa ngokubanzi
Abantwana abanolwazi oluninzi oluxhalabileyo, abanokwenkqonkqo nokungakhathali ngezinto ezinamhlanje. Bahlala bekulindele inhlekelele. Uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo zingapheliyo kwaye ziphosakele, zichaphazela indawo ezininzi zobomi bomntwana. Ukufikelela nje ngosuku kungabangela umzabalazo.
Nangona umntwana enokuqonda ukuba ukuxhalaba kwakhe kukugqwetha, usenokuba nzima ukulawula nokulawula. Kukho kwakhona kunokungazinzi; ubunzima bokugxila (nakwixesha apho "ingqondo yomntwana ingenanto"); ukucaphuka; ubuhle; uxinzelelo lomzimba; ukukhathala; kunzima ukugwinya; isidingo sokuvuthwa rhoqo; isisu esiswini; kunye nobunzima bokulala obunxulumene nexhala.
Umntwana unokuqalisa ngokulula kwaye nje akakwazi ukubonakala ephumle.
Phobias
Abantwana banokuhlakulela i-phobias okanye ukuphika, ukungacatshanganga kunye nokwesaba okukhulu malunga nento ethile okanye imeko. Olu xhalaba lubangela umntwana ukuba agweme into, umsebenzi, okanye imeko kuyo yonke iindleko. Ukuba ayinakuphetshwa, kukhuthazwa buhlungu.
I-phobias ecacileyo ibangela ukukhathazeka kwangaphakathi kwangethusa-iimvakalelo zengozi okanye isango; imfuneko yokusinda; ntliziyo; ukukhupha; ukuthuthumela; ukuphefumula okufutshane okanye nokuba nomvakalelo wokutshatyalaliswa ngokungathi umntu akaphefumli; iintlungu zesifuba; ukungcola; ukwesaba ukulahlekelwa ukulawulwa kwaye "ukuhlambalaza" okanye ukufa.
Abantwana abanezentlalo zentlalo (ebizwa ngokuba nexhala lezenhlalakahle ) banenkxalabo malunga nokuhlolisiswa kunye nokugwetywa kakubi. Bazoyika iintloni baze batyeke kwiimeko zentlalo. Esikolweni, banokuba nobunzima bokuphendula imibuzo eklasini, ukufunda ngokuvakalayo, ukuqalisa iingxoxo, ukuthetha nabantu abangaqhelekanga, nokuya kwimicimbi yoluntu. Baziva bengenamandla ekulawuleni uxhalaba kwaye banamathuba ambalwa okuba nolwalamano olusisiseko, okubangelwa ukuhlukaniswa ngakumbi, ukuzimelela kunye neemvakalelo zokungafani.
Iinjongo zokuhlaselwa
Xa umntwana ehlaselwa ngentshutshiso, ufumana ixesha loloyiko olunzulu oluqala ngokukhawuleza kwaye lunokuthi luqhubekele kwinqanaba leengcamango eziphazamisayo zengozi ezayo xa kungekho mngcipheko. Ukuhlaselwa akunakulindelwa (kwaye kunokuthi kwenzeke ngexesha lokulala) kunye nokuphindaphindiweyo. Bakhulu kangangokuba umntwana uqala ukungabi nekwesaba nje ngexesha lokuhlaselwa, kodwa uxakeke malunga nokulindela okwenkqisayo kokuhlaselwa.
Ukongeza ukwesaba okukhulu ukuba into embi iya kwenzeka, umntwana unokufumana ukuphefumula okufutshane; ukukhahlela okanye ukuva; ukubetha kwentliziyo; iintlungu zesifuba; isicefe u bunzima; ukuthuthumela nokugubha; kwaye ukwesaba ukulahlekelwa yingqondo yomntu.
Ukuba unenkxalabo okanye imibuzo malunga neempawu zokukhathazeka emntwaneni wakho, qiniseka ukuba uthethe nomntwana wezonyango okanye wezempilo yengqondo. Ukungenelela kwangaphambili kunye nokonyango kungenza ummahluko womntwana wakho kwaye unokuthintela iingxaki ezingaphezulu kwixhala.
Umthombo:
I-American Academy yabantwana kunye ne-Adolescent Psychiatry. Qalisa iParamamitha yoVavanyo kunye noNyango lwaBantwana kunye nabantwana abakhulileyo abaneengxaki zokuxhalabisa . J. Am. Acad. I-Adolesc yomntwana. I-Psychiatry, 46: 2, Feb. 2007.
Uxinzelelo lweNxu lumano lweMelika. Ukuqonda ukuxhalabisa. adaa.org
Thomas E. Brown, PhD. Ukukhathazeka kweengxaki: Ingqondo engabonakaliyo kubantwana kunye nabantu abadala. Yale University Press. 2005.