Kwengqondo, ingxelo yongoma yimuphi uvavanyo, umlinganiselo, okanye uphando oluthembele kwingxelo yomntu ngamnye yeempawu, iimpawu, iinkolelo, okanye izimo zengqondo. Idatha yokuzibika iqokelelwe ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwiphepha-ipensela okanye ifomathi, okanye ngamanye amaxesha ngodliwano-ndlebe.
Iingxelo ezizimelayo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizifundo zengqondo ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba ulwazi oluninzi nolunokuxilonga ngomntu lubonakaliswe kumphandi okanye ugqirha ngokusekelwe kwingxelo yomntu ngokwakhe.
Esinye sezixhobo zokuzibika ngokuqhelekileyo esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi yi- Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) yovavanyo lomntu.
Izinzuzo zoLwazi lweNgxelo yokuziThumela
Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zedatha yokunika ingxelo yinto yokuba kulula ukuyifumana. Kwakhona yindlela eyona ndlela iiklinikhi ezixilonga ngayo izigulane zabo-ngokubuza imibuzo. Abo bazenza ingxelo-ngokwabo baqhele ngokuqhelekileyo ngokuzalisa imibuzo.
Ukuphanda, ithuluzi elingabizi elinokufikelela kwizifundo ezininzi zokuvavanya kunokuba zihlaziywe ngumbono okanye ezinye iindlela. Ingenziwa ngokukhawuleza ngoko umphandi angakwazi ukufumana iziphumo kwiintsuku okanye kwiiveki kunokuba abone inani labantu phezu kwexesha elide. Iingxelo ezizimele zingenziwa ngasese kwaye zingabonakaliswa ukuba zikhusele ulwazi olubukhali kwaye mhlawumbi zikhuthaze iimpendulo eziyimfundiso.
Iintsilelo zeNkcazo Yokuzibika
Ukuqokelela ulwazi nge-self-report, nangona kunjalo, kunemiqathango yayo.
Abantu bahlala becala xa bethetha ngamava abo. Ngokomzekelo, abaninzi abantu baqaphele okanye bangathandabuzeki "ukuthandeka kwezentlalo," oko kukuthi, banokuthi bavakalise amava acingwa ukuba ayamkelekile okanye ayethandayo.
Iingxelo ezizimeleyo zixhomekeke kule miqobo kunye nemida:
- Ukunyaniseka. Izifundo zingenza impendulo eyamkelekileyo yentlalo kunokuba iyinyaniso.
- Amandla okuqala: Izifundo zingenako ukuzihlola ngokuchanekileyo.
- Ukuchazwa kwemibuzo: Igama lemibuzo linokudideka okanye lithetha izichaso ezahlukeneyo kwizifundo ezahlukahlukeneyo.
- Isilinganiselo sokulinganisa: Ukulinganisela into ewe okanye cha ingaba yinto ekhuseleyo kakhulu, kodwa izikali zamanani nazo zingenakuxhomekeka kwaye zixhomekeke kwisifiso somntu ngamnye ukunika impendulo ebalulekileyo okanye ephakathi kuyo yonke imibuzo.
- Impendulo yokuphendula: Imibuzo ixhomekeke kuzo zonke iziganeko eziphambili zempendulo, nokuba zinxulumene namava amva okanye amava, kunye nezinye izinto.
- Ukuxeliswa kwee-sampula: Abantu abagqibe lemibuzo-magama bahlobo lwabantu abaya kuzalisa i-questionnaire. Ngaba zimele abantu abathanda ukufunda?
I-Ingxelo Yokuzibika I-Self-Traffic Information Isetyenziswa Kakhulu Ngokudibanisa Nezinye Iinkcukacha
Uninzi lweengcaphephe zophando lwengqondo kunye nokuxilongwa lubonisa ukuba i-self-report data ayifanele isetyenziswe yodwa njengoko ithambekele ekubeni yenzelwe. Uphando luyenziwa ngokufanelekileyo xa udibanisa idatha yokunika ingxelo kunye nolunye ulwazi, njengokuziphatha komntu okanye idatha yomzimba. Ukuhlola oku "multi-modal" okanye "iindlela ezininzi" kukubonelela ngehlabathi jikelele kwaye ngoko ke mhlawumbi umfanekiso ochanekileyo wesifundo.
Iingxelo ezisetyenziswe kuphando kufuneka zihlolwe ukuba zibone ukuba zivelisa iziphumo ezihambelana nexesha. Kwakhona kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngenye indlela yedatha ebonisa ukuba iimpendulo zilinganisa oko zibiza ukuba zilinganisa kwaye ziyakucalulela phakathi kolawulo kunye neqela lokuhlola.