Xa umntwana engasebenzi kakuhle, ekhuselekileyo, enomdla, kwaye elwa nemibandela yokuqwalasela, umntu akakwazi ukucinga ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba lo mntwana unelungelo lokukhathazeka ngengxaki ye-hyperactivity disorder okanye i-ADHD. Kukho ezinye iimeko kunye neemeko ezingabangela iimpawu kunye neempawu ezingaphoswa nge-ADHD. Ukuphawula izizathu zokukhubazeka komntwana kubalulekile ekuphuculeni komntwana.
Ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kwengxaki kubangela unyango osebenzayo. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uvavanyo lwe-ADHD lube lukhulu kwaye lubanzi, kwaye kutheni ukuba iiklinikhi zifuna ukusebenzisa indlela eqinisekisiweyo.
Vavanyo
Ngethuba lovavanyo lwenkqubo, ezinye iinkcazo ezinokuthi zibhekiselele ngokubhekiselele kwimiba yokuziphatha efana ne-ADHD kufuneka ilawulwe ngaphandle kokuba ifike kwi-ADHD . Ukunyanzelisa inkqubo yokuxilonga kunye neyonyango, ukuba i-ADHD inyuse umngcipheko wokuphuhliswa kwezinye iimeko , ezifana nokuxhalaba, ukuxinezeleka, ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha, ukukhubazeka kokufunda, iingxaki zokulala, kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi. Konke oku kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo xa kuphuhliso lwezicwangciso zonyango. Ngezantsi uludwe lweemeko ezininzi ezingabonakalisa iimpawu kubantwana kunye nabantu abadala abangaphoswa nge-ADHD.
Izimo zendalo
Kukho inani leemeko kwiimeko ezingqongileyo ezinokubangela iingxaki ezinokubonakala ngathi zi-ADHD.
Oku kungaquka xa kukho uxinzelelo oluninzi okanye utshintsho lobomi ngokukhawuleza, njengokufudukela kwikhaya elitsha okanye kwisikolo esitsha; ukuqhawula okanye ukutshintsha kwintsapho yokucwangcisa, njengokutshata kwakhona; ukufa komntu osondeleyo; ubunzima bezezimali; kwanokuzalwa komntwana omtsha. Indawo engqongileyo okanye engayinakiyo, ingxabano yomzali / yomtshato, ukungqinelani koqeqesho lwabazali, ukuxhatshazwa, ukufakaza okanye ukufumana uxhatshazo okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi - bonke abaxinzelelo banokuchaphazela ukukhathazeka kwengqondo kunye nengqondo yomntu kwaye kukhokelela kwiingxaki zokuphazamiseka, ukungabikho nto , ukunyanzeliswa, kunye nokuziphatha "okusebenzayo" okungafana, kodwa akukho nto inokuyenza, i-ADHD.
Ukongezelela, ukuphazamiseka kokulala kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kumandla omntu wokugxila. Ukungabikho kokulala kungabangela ukungahambi kakuhle; ukucaphuka; ixesha elibonakalayo elibonakalayo, elivakalayo, elivakalayo kunye neenjini; ukucotha kwengqondo; ukufunda ukungazi kakuhle kolwazi nokunciphisa ukusebenza kwesikolo. Ubuthongo obaneleyo budibaniswa nobuninzi beendlela zokuthatha ingozi ebantwini, njengokubhema, ukusela utywala kunye nokusebenzisa iziyobisi. Izizathu zokuphazamiseka komntwana okanye ukulala komntu omdala zingabikho kwiindawo zokuhlala ezingcolileyo zokulala (imizimba yokulala) kwiimeko zonyango eziphazamisa umjikelezo wokulala, ezifana nokugula kwe-apnea, ukugula kwemilenze, kunye nezinye izifo zokulala.
Iingxaki Zempilo Yengqondo
Ukuxhalabisa kungabangela ukungazinzi, ukungakwazi ukugxila, ukunyamekela, kunye nokuziphatha okungaxhamli. Olu xhalaba lunokuba nzima kakhulu kumntwana okanye umntu omdala ukuba ahlale ehleli kwaye alawulwe ngokutsha. Ukulala kunokuchaphazeleka. Kungaba nzima ukuba uhlale ucacile kwaye ufeze imisebenzi. Zizo zonke iimpawu ezinokuthi zifane ne-ADHD kodwa zingenakulinganiswa.
Ngokufanayo, ukuxinezeleka kunokubangela ubunzima ngokugxila, ukulibala, ukukhuthazwa okuphantsi, iingxaki ekwenzeni izigqibo, inkathazo yokuqalisa nokugqiba imisebenzi, ukunyaniseka kunye novila, ukulungelelaniswa, kunye nobunzima bokulala.
Ukuziphatha okuphazamisayo kunye nokulawulwa kakubi kwefuthe ehambelana nokuchasana nokuphazamiseka kwengxaki kunye nokuziphatha kakubi kunokubonakala ngathi i-ADHD.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengoko kushiwo ngaphambili, ukuxhalaba, ukuxinezeleka, kunye neziphazamiso zokuziphatha eziphazamisayo (kunye neemeko ezininzi ezidweliswe apha) ziqheleka kunye ne-ADHD. Ngayinye ingaba yintlupheko ehlukeneyo kunye ne-etiology ekhethiweyo kunye neemfuno zonyango, okanye nganye inokuba yimeko yesibini eqhubekayo ngenxa yeengxaki ezinxulumene ne-ADHD. Kwakhona, yimi ke uvavanyo lwe-ADHD kufuneka luqokelele kwaye ludibanise ulwazi oluthe ngqo malunga nokusebenza kwemvakalelo yomntu, kunokugxininisa kuphela kwiimpawu zokuziphatha eziphazamisayo.
Izibonakaliso zengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo , kubandakanywa nenqanaba eliphezulu lamandla, ukuthetha ngokugqithiseleyo, ukucingisa iingcamango ezenza kube nzima ukugxila, ukuzenza izigqibo ezinzulu, ukuthatha ingozi, kunye nokuziphatha okubi, kunokudideka kunye neempawu ze-ADHD.
Ingqalelo kunye neengxaki zokuxininisa ezinxulumene nabantu abaneengxaki ezixinzelelekileyo (OCD) zingabonakala zihambelana ne-ADHD, kodwa xa ziphonononga ngakumbi, imifanekiso ecacileyo ivela-iingxaki ezinokuthi zihlobene "nokugqithisa" kunye neengxaki zokutshintsha ingqalelo kuba ngenxa yokucinga okugqithisileyo. Umntu onomsebenzi we-OCD unokuthi aphuze ukuqala nokugqiba imisebenzi ngenxa yokuziphatha okunyanzelisayo kunye nemizila ekufuneka igqitywe ngaphambi kokuqala.
I-ADH ingaba ngumngcipheko wokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi . Ukubhema i-cigarette njengobutsha kunye ne-ADHD kubhekwa njengendlela yokungena inambuzane, kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala kunye nezinye iziyobisi. Umntu osebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi kunye / okanye utywala angaba neempawu zokuziphatha ezilinganisa i-ADHD. Lezo zimpawu zingabandakanya ubunzima bokugxila, iingxaki zememori, ukungazinzi, ukucaphuka, ukuthetha, iingxaki zokulala, ukunyameka, kunye nokuhluleka komsebenzi.
Abantwana kunye nabantu abadala kwi-autism i-spectrum bangabonakalisa iimpawu ezifana ne-ADHD. Bangaba nexinzelelo, bexakeke, kwaye banomdla kwiindawo ezikhuthaza abantu, bathambekele ekugxininiseni kuphela izinto ezibachaphazelayo, banenkxalabo yokugxila ekugxileni, ukuzabalazela ukuqonda iingcamango zoluntu kunye nemiphakathi yokukhubazeka kwezentlalo.
Umsebenzi ophezulu weemoto kunye neengxaki ezikhuselekileyo ziimpawu eziqhelekileyo kokubili izifo ezichaphazelekayo kunye ne-ADHD. I-fidgeting, i-motor movements, kunye neengxolo ezingazange zijonge "zikhangele" ezifana ne-ADHD, kodwa i-tics ichazwa ngokuhamba ngokukhawuleza, okuphindaphindiweyo, okufanayo, okanye izandi, okanye izandi.
Imiba yokuFunda nokuCwangcisa iingxaki
Ngokufanayo nomntu one-ADHD, umntu onokukhubazeka ekufundeni angalwa nemibandela yokuqwalasela kwaye abe nobunzima bokucwangcisa, ukuhlela, ukukhumbula nokufunda ulwazi. Ukukhubazeka kokufunda ekufundeni, ulwimi olubhaliweyo kunye nemathematika kunokuphazamisana nokusebenza kwezemfundo, njengokuba kunokukwazi ukuthetha kunye nokukhubazeka kweelwimi kunye nokuphazamiseka kwezixhobo zokujonga nokubonwa. I-ADHD kunye neengxaki ezithile zokufunda zivame ukuhlangana kunye, kodwa ziimeko ezihlukeneyo.
Umntwana onikwe izifundo ezingenakunzima kwaye akanakuncitshiswa eklasini unokubonakalisa iziphathamandla ezifana ne-ADHD njengoko ekhunjulwa ngekharityhulam-engenakukhathazeka, kunye / okanye engapheliyo kwaye ephazamisayo. Kule miqolo efanayo, ulungelelwano olufanelekileyo lwezemfundo, okanye igumbi lokufundela elinesimo esimalungekileyo sezulu, ikharityhulam engakhuselekanga, engakhuthaziyo, okanye i-classroom management management, konke kunokukhokelela ekuziphatheni okubonakala ngathi kodwa kungahambelani, i-ADHD.
Iimeko Zonyango
Iimeko ezithile zonyango, kubandakanywa nezigulane, isifo se-thyroid, ukunyuka kweengxaki, ukunyuka kwe-anemia yesinyithi, kunye nezifo ezingapheliyo zendlebe, kunye nokuvalelwa kwemibono kunye nokubonakala kombono, kunokubangela ukuba umntu abe neengxaki ngqalelo, avele " ingachukumanga, okanye ingasebenzi. Amanye amachiza angakhokelela ekuziphatheni kwe-ADHD.
Imithombo:
I-ADHD: Isikhokelo esigqibeleleyo nesiGunyazisiweyo. Ehlelwe nguMichael I. Reiff, MD, FAAP kunye noSherill Tippins. I-American Academy yePediatrics. 2004.
I-ADHD Comorbidities: Incwadi yeengxaki ze-ADHD kwi-Children and Adult. Ehlelwe nguThomas E. Brown, Ph.D. I-American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. 2009.
USandra F. Rief. Indlela yokufikelela kunye nokufundisa abantwana abane-ADD / ADHD: Iinkqubo eziSebenzayo, amaCandelo, kunye neNgeniso. UJossey-Bass Teacher. 2005.