Yintoni Okufuneka Uyazi Ukuthatha I-lithium Ngokuphepha?
I-lithium yintliziyo yokuzinza engasinceda ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nezinye iimeko, kodwa iyaziwa ngokubangela iziphumo ezimbi kunye nobutyhefu. Oko kwathiwa, xa iimvavanyo zenziwa rhoqo ukubeka iliso kumanqanaba, kwaye abantu baqhelana nokusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo kweziyobisi, kunokusebenza kakuhle ekulawuleni imizwa. Yintoni oyifunayo ukuba uyisebenzise i-lithium ngokukhuselekileyo?
I-lithium: I-Mood Stabilizer eneempembelelo ezingasemva kwazo zonke izidakamizwa
I-lithium yayiyimithi yokuqala yokuzinza kwemizwa esetyenziselwa i-bipolar disorder, ekubeni isetyenziswe okokuqala kunyango lwesimo sokuvutha kwesifo. Sifunda nje ukufunda indlela eyenziwa ngayo le nyilisi kwizinga lezinto eziphilayo.
Iimiphumo ezingasetyenziswayo zonyango lweLithium
Njengamachiza amaninzi, i-lithium inokuza kunye nemiphumo emibini, kwimizuzu emfutshane kunye nexesha elide kunye nobabini kunye nobunzulu.
Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo ze-lithium zithandeka kunokuba ziyingozi. Ezi ziquka:
- Ukomeleza ukoma
- Ukuvuthwa rhoqo
- I sizathu
- Uhudo
- Ukugubha (inyikima eyenziwa kakubi ngokuzama ukunyakaza kwesandla.
- Ukunyuka kwesisindo - I-lithium iyaziwa ngenxaxheba yayo ekuzuzeni ubunzima. Ngokomyinge, abantu bavame ukufumana iipilisi ezingama-13,5 kwiyeza, kodwa malunga nama-20 ekhulwini abantu bathola ngaphezu koku. Ucwaningo lwango-2016 lufumene ukuba i-Metformin yonyango ingaba yinzuzo ekunciphiseni okanye ekuthintela ukuzuza ubunzima kwabanye abantu kwiyeza le-lithium.
- Ukuvuvukala (i-edema)
- Ukulahleka kweenwele
Amalungu amaninzi achaphazelekayo (kwaye kufuneka ahlolwe) afaka:
- Iizintso - Ininzi yexesha i-kidney disysction is mild, nangona ngamanye amaxesha le nto ingaqhubeka.
- I-Thyroid - iLithium inokuchaphazela umsebenzi we-thyroid ngeendlela ezininzi. Ingabangela i-hypothyroidism, i-goiter, okanye i-thyroiditis ye-autoimmune. Ulwaphulo lwe-lithium luye lwadibaniswa ne-hyperthyroidism kwabanye abantu.
- I-Parathyroid - Ukukhubazeka kwe-Parathyroid kuye kwabonakala ngoku kutshanje njengempembelelo yecandelo le-lithium.
Iziphumo ezibi kakhulu zibandakanya:
- Iintsholongwane ezingasebenzi
- I-nehrogenic isifo se-diabetes insipidus - i-Nephrogenic isifo se-diabetes i-insipidus yimeko apho iinjongo zingenakukwazi ukugxila kumchamo obangela ukwanda kwamanzi (polyuria) kunye nokunxanwa kancinci (i-polydipsia.)
- Ukungasebenzi kwengqondo - Inxaxheba ecacileyo ukuba i-lithium idlala ekusebenzeni kwengcamango kunzima ukufunda ngenxa yobunzima beemeko kunye nokuba mhlawumbi i-hypothyroidism. Ucwaningo lwango-2017 lufumene ukuba i-lithium inefuthe elikhulu kwisantya se-psychomotor, nangona kungabonakali ukuba nefuthe ekuqwalaseleni. Isiphumo sayo kwimemori, ubuchule beengqondo, kunye nokusebenza okusebenzayo akukacaci.
I-Lithium Toxicity-eqhelekileyo nengapheliyo
Inyosi ye-lithium inokuthatha iifom ezahlukeneyo kwaye ibandakanya i-acute, engapheliyo kwaye isisifo esinobuhlungu obungapheliyo.
Iimpawu zokuqala ze-lithium yetyhefu ziquka urhudo, ukuhlanza, ukulala, ubuthakathaka be-muscular, nokungabikho kokulungelelanisa. Izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu ziquka i-ataxia (ukungaphumeleli okanye ukungangqinisiswanga kwesenzo se-muscle), ubuqili, i-tinnitus (ukubethela ezindlebeni), umbono obonakalayo, kunye nemveliso enkulu yomchamo oncitshisiweyo. Utywala lwe-lithium olunobungozi ngongxamiseko lwezonyango olungabangela ukuphelelwa yintlungu kunye neemeyimu zomzimba.
Ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa kunye neLithium
Kukho izidakamizwa ezininzi ezinokubangela ukwanda kwama-lithium egazini. Ezi ziquka:
- Izidakamizwa ezingekho-steroidal ezichasayo ezifana ne-Advil (ibuprofen) kunye ne-Aleve (naproxen.)
- Diuretics (iipilisi zamanzi.)
- I-Angiotensin-ukuguqula i-enzyme inhibitors (i-ACE inhibitors) njenge-Vasotec (i-enalapril) ne-Prinivil (lisinopril.)
- I-Angiotensin II i-receptor antagonists (ARBs) njengeDivan (valsartan) kunye noCozaar (losartan.)
Kukho ezininzi iindlela zokusebenzisana kweziyobisi kunye ne-lithium kwaye kubalulekile ukuthetha nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqalise nawaphi na amachiza amatsha okanye ukuba unqamle unyango othabathayo.
I-caffeine kunye ne-theophylline, ngokuchaseneyo, kunokubangela amanqanaba athile e-lithium.
Ukuhlolwa kwezilingo Ngaphambili nangethuba lonyango lweLithium
Iimvavanyo zegazi zijongwa phambi kokuba umntu aqalise unyango lwe-lithium, kunye nexesha elizeleyo ixesha eliza kuthathwa ngalo.
Ukubeka iliso kwizinga leLithium
Ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe unyango, iimvavanyo ziyalelwe ukuba zivavanywe zombini umsebenzi wezintso kunye nomsebenzi we-thyroid. I-lithium ikhutshwe emzimbeni ngamazinyo, ngoko ke ukuba iintso zingasebenzi kumgangatho nawuphi na, amanqanaba e-lithium angakha kwigazi.
Amazinga aseLithium kufuneka ahlolwe emva kokuba unyango luqalise, emva koko emva kweenguqu nganye. Amanqanaba eGazi ayenziwa rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezingama-5 emva kokuguqulwa kwesilinganiselo njengoko kuthatha ixesha lokuba amazinga azinzile. Amanqanaba kufuneka ahlolwe ukuba nayiphi na imishanguzo emitsha yongezwa okanye iyanqanyulwa, amaninzi amaninzi asebenzisana ne-lithium. I-lithium ine "festile yokwelapha" elona lithetha "ukuba inqanaba lesilwanyana kufuneka libe nempembelelo kakhulu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha lide ligqithise, kunye noko kubangela ukutywala.
Iqondo lokuthintela i-lithium liphakathi kwe-0.8 no-1.1 mmol / L, nangona abanye abantu bangadinga indawo ukuya kuyo ukusuka kwi-0.5 kuya kwi-1.2 mmol / L ukuba yonyango. Amanqanaba ukuya kwicala eliphezulu ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka alawulwe ukulawula i-mania.
Inetyhefu iqala malunga ne-1.5 mmol / L. Iimpawu zokuqala zetyhefu zihlala zibandakanya ukugqithisa okukhulu kwentshukumo, isisonguluko, isifo sohudo kunye nombono otyhafayo. Njengoko amanqanaba aphakama, iimpawu zokungazinzi, intetho edibeneyo, ukunyakaza kwamathambo kunye nobuthathaka, kunye nokudideka kubonakala.
Inqanaba le-2.0 mmol / L yimeko yengxamisekileyo yezokwelapha kunye nokunyamekela okukhawulezayo kuyadingeka. Iimpawu zingabandakanya iimpawu ezinengqondo ezinjenge-delirium kunye nokungazi. I-arrhythmias ye-Heart ingenzeka kwakhona, enoba, ngaphandle kokuphulukiswa, ingaba yingozi.
Iimvavanyo zeTyroid
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba nabani na ofunyanwe ne-bipolar disorder kufuneka abe nemivavanyo ye-thyroid rhoqo nangona kungekho kwi-lithium kuba amanqanaba angaqhelekanga wee-hormone ze-thyroid angabangela iimpawu ezifanisa (okanye zenzeke) zombini kunye nokuxinezeleka. Izinga le-Thyroid kufuneka livavanywe ubuncinane kwiinyanga ezintandathu.
Ma calcium
Inqanaba le-calumum ye-serum kufuneka lihlolwe ngonyaka njengoko i-lithium ingabangela i-hypoparathyroidism.
Iimvavanyo zeentso
I-BUN kunye ne-creinine (iimvavanyo zomsebenzi weentso) kufuneka zitsalwe ekuqaleni kwonyango, rhoqo ngexesha lonyango, kwaye ukuba kukho naziphi iimpawu zesifo sezintso.
Ezinye iimvavanyo
Eminye imvavanyo efana ne-chemistries yegazi kunye ne-EKG inokufuneka ngokuxhomekeka kwiimeko ezininzi.
Ukujamelana neempembelelo zemiLithium kunye noTyhefu
Kukho iindlela ezininzi apho umngcipheko wezommandla kunye nobutyhefu buncitshiswa. Enye kukunciphisa umthamo ukwenzela ukuba amanqanaba egazi abe kwicala elingaphantsi kwefestile yokwelapha. Ukufika kwexesha lomthamo kunokunceda. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuhlolwa kwamanqanaba egazi kubalulekile rhoqo kunye nokuba kukho naziphi iimpawu ezintsha. Kwezinye iimeko, amayeza angasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iimpawu zempembelelo.
Ngaphantsi kweeLithium Effects Side and Toxicity
I-lithium ingaba isichengisiso esihle kakhulu kubantu abaneentsholongwane ze-bipolar kwaye bacingelwa ukuba yiyilisi ekhethiweyo kubantu abanokugula ngengxaki yokuguquka kwengqondo. Kuye kwafunyanwa ukunciphisa izinga lokuzibulala, ingozi enkulu phakathi kwabantu abaneemeko.
Ngexesha elifanayo, ukubeka iliso kwamanqanaba kubaluleke kakhulu ekunciphiseni ubunako besifo esinobuthi, kunye nemiphumo yobunobuthi. Iimiphumo eziqhelekileyo ziqhelekileyo, kwaye ezininzi zazo ziyakhathaza ngaphezu kokuyingozi. Ukujonga ngokucophelela iimvavanyo zebhu (kunye nomsebenzi wentliziyo ikakhulukazi asebekhulile) kuyadingeka ngenxa yengozi yeentsholongwane ezingasebenzi, kunye ne-thyroid ne-hypothyroid.
Ngokuqwalasela, nangona kunjalo, nokuqonda ngokucophelela iimpawu zokuqala zesifo sotywala, abaninzi abantu baye bakwazi ukufumana inzuzo yeliyeza ngaphandle kwemingcipheko enkulu.
> Imithombo:
> Baird-Gunning, J., Lea-Henry, T., Hoegberg, L., Gosselin, S., noD. Roberts. I-Lithium Poisoning. Umbhalo weMicrosoft Care Care . 2017. 32 (4): 249-263.
> Finley, P. Ulwalamano lweDrug kunye neLithium: Isibuyekezo. Clinical Pharmacokinetics . 2016. 55 (8): 925-41.
> Gitlin, M. Mithium Effects Side and Toxicity: Amanqanaba okuPhatha nokuPhatha. I-International Journal ye-Bipolar Disorder . 2016. 4 (1): 27.
> Paterson, A., noG. Parker. I-lithium kunye noCognition kulabo abane-Bipolar Disorder. I-Clinic Psychopharmacology . 2017. 32 (2): 57-62.