Kutheni iHeroin Ingena Ngokukhawuleza Yenza Ukhuseleko Loluntu?
Nangona ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-heroin kuye kwehla iminyaka emininzi, uye waphinda wathandwa ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kukaRhulumente kwimichiza yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.
Xa amagunya aqala ukuvala phantsi "iipilisi" eFlorida nakwezinye iindawo kunye nokubeka iinkqubo zokulandelela izigulane zokukhusela izigulane kwi "ugqirha yokuthenga" ukuze athole imithi engaphezu kweyodwa kwiipilisi zintlungu, yenza ukuba kube nzima ukufumana iipilisi. Ixabiso lentengiso emnyama.
Ngako oko, i-heroin yafumaneka ngakumbi kwiindawo ezithile kune-OxyContin kwaye yayingabizi, uhlanga lwaqala ukunyuka okukhulu kwi heroin. Ukwenyuka kobuqhetseba be-heroin ekhoyo kwimarike kwaye ukuncipha kwamaxabiso kuye kwabangela uxhalaba loluntu ukhuseleko.
Nazi i mibuzo ehlala ibuzwa malunga neHerin, ehlanganiswe yiNational Institute of Drug Abuse:
Yintoni iHerinin?
IHerinin isichengisiso esinomdla kakhulu esenziwa kwi-morphine ekhishwe kwimbewu yeepoppy izityalo. Empuma yeUnited States, ininzi ye-heroin ithengiswa kwisitrato i-heroin ecocekileyo ecocekileyo, eyenziwa eMzantsi Melika nasezantsi-mpuma ye-Asia. Kwi-US yonxweme yonxweme, i-heroin enkulu ithengiswa ngumnyama omnyama "i-tar emnyama" eyenziwa eMexico.
Uhlobo Luni Lokusebenzisa I-Heroin e-United States?
Emva kweminyaka yokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa e-United States, ngowama-2006 ukusetyenziswa kwe-heroin kwaqalisa ukwanda okwenziweyo kwiinkalo zenkcubeko kunye nelizwe lonke kulo lonke ilizwe.
Ukwanda kunxulumene nokuqhekeka kwesizwe ngokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngokweziyobisi. Abanye ababukeli bakholelwa ukuba ukunyuka kweexabiso kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso eepilisi zepilisi zabasebenzisi abakhohliswayo ukubuyela kwi-heroin efumanekayo nangakumbi.
IHerin isetyenziswe njani?
I-heroin ecocekileyo ethengiswa kakhulu kwimpuma ye-US ngokuqhelekileyo iyipoda emhlophe enokuthi ijojowe, ifakwe, ifakwe okanye ifakwe.
I-heroin e-black black eyaziwayo kwiphondo lasentshona yelizwe isoloko ichithwa kwaye ihlanjululwe ize ijozwe ngumsebenzisi. Uninzi lwabatsha abasebenzisa i -heroin bayayibhema, phantsi kokungaqondi kakuhle ukuba umlutha omncinci xa utshaywa.
Ziyintoni Ezikhawulezileyo (Ixesha elifutshane) Iimiphumo zeHerinin Usetyenziso?
Ingaba i-heroin ingenwa, ifakwe okanye ifakwe, amava omsebenzisi "ngokukhawuleza" okulandelelwe yimvakalelo yomsindo njengoko iguqulwa kwi-morphine kwingqondo. Ukwahlukana kuphela umsebenzisi ufumana ukukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza ukuba i-heroin ijojowe okanye ihlonywe ngaphezu kokuba yenzayo ukuba isicatshulwa. Ukuphakama akukhawulezi nje, kukhulu kakhulu.
Ziziphi iimpembelelo zexesha elide lokusetyenziswa kweHeroin?
Abasebenzisi baseHeroin bayakha ngokukhawuleza ukunyamezela kwisibisi, oku kuthetha ukuba bafuna ngaphezulu okanye badinga ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukufezekisa impembelelo efanayo xa beyisebenzisa okokuqala. Ngenxa yoko, kunye nokusetyenziswa okwandisiweyo, banokuba ngumlutha ngokukhawuleza. I-Heroin nayo inokubangela ukuba utshintsho lwezinto ezibonakalayo kunye nempilo kunye nokungalingani kwintliziyo ebenzima kakhulu ukuguquka, nangona xa umsebenzisi ehlambulukile kwaye ehlambulukileyo.
Ziziphi Iingxaki Zonyango Zokusebenzisa I-Heroin?
Ngenxa yokuba ukusebenzisa i-heroin kuphazamise ukuphefumula, abasebenzisi abaninzi bahlakulela iingxaki zamaphaphaza , ezihambisana nempilo ebuthakathaka jikelele yomsebenzisi kunokubangela ukufumana isifo sofuba kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-pneumonia.
Kukho neminye imiphumo emibi yonyango ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngokwazo kunye nabanye abachaphazelekayo ekusebenziseni i-heroin kunye nezinye izinto ezixutywe kunye neziyobisi ukwenzela ukwandisa inzuzo yabathengisi.
Ukuphathwa kakubi kweHeroin kuthinta njani abafazi abakhulelweyo?
Ukuba umfazi usebenzisa i-heroin ngelixa ekhulelwe, umntwana ongakazalwa unokuhlakulela ukuxhomekeka kwilisi njengokuba unina. Xa umntwana ezalwa kwaye engasamkeli ukunikezelwa kwe-heroin ngokusebenzisa i-placenta, umntwana uya kwimeko eyaziwa njenge-neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), efuna unyango olunzulu.
Kutheni abaSebenzi beHerineni kwiNgcipheko ekhethekileyo ye-HIV / AIDS kunye ne-Hepatitis B kunye no-C?
Ukusebenzisa nje i-heroin ngokwayo ayinyuli ingozi yokufumana i-HIV okanye i-hepatitis.
Kodwa, imisebenzi kunye neziphathamandla ezinxulumene ne-heroin zisetyenziselwa ukwandisa umngcipheko wokufumana izifo kunye nezifo zentsholongwane. Ubundlobongela obukhuselekanga, usebenzisa inaliti "ezingcolileyo", ukwabelana ngezilingo kunye nokwabelana nezinye izixhobo kunokunyusa ingozi.
Ziyintoni Iingonyango zeHerin Addiction?
Ngokungafani nezinye iziyobisi ezifana ne-methamphetamine, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezikhoyo kulabo abanomnqweno wokuyeka ukusebenzisa i-heroin. Kukho amayeza amaninzi atholakalayo anceda ngokuyeka i-heroin enokufunyanwa ukuba uphando xa idibene nezinye iindlela zokuziphatha.
Ziziphi ii-analogs ze-opioid kunye neengozi zazo?
Iimveliso zamachiza ezineempembelelo ezifanayo zenye iziyobisi nangona ezahlukileyo kwiindawo zamakhemikhali zibizwa ngokuba yizilwanyana zezilwanyana. Ezinye zazo zivumelekile, ziveliswe ngabavelisi beziyobisi ukuze basebenzise unyango.
Ezinye izidakamizwa zezidakamizwa, nangona kunjalo, ziveliswa ngokungekho mthethweni kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ziyingozi kwaye zinamandla kunezidakamizwa zangaphambili. Ezi zihlandlo ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba yizilwanyana zamatyala.
Amanqaku amabini owaziwa ngama-opioid awaziwa kakhulu yi- fentanyl kunye ne-meperidine (athengiswa phantsi kwegama legama elithi Demerol ). I-Fentanyl yaqulunqwa ngo-1968 njengento yokuhlaziya ngexesha lotyando ngenxa yemiphumo encinci kwintliziyo.
I-Fentanyl inobungozi ngokukhethekileyo kuba ngamaxesha angaphezu kwama-50 anamandla kune heroin kwaye inokuyeka ukuphefumula komntu ngokukhawuleza. Kwimeko yokuhlinzwa, loo nto ayinayo ingxaki kuba isigulane sisesicatsheni ukuze sibancede.
Kodwa xa uxhatshazwa ngokungekho mthethweni, esitalatweni, i-fentanyl inokufa.
Ekuqaleni kuka-2014, ukugqithiswa kwezidakamizwa ezingaphezulu kwezilwanyana kwabikwa ngenxa ye-heroin ethengiswa kwisitrato esidibene ne-fentanyl.
Imithombo:
Isizwe seSizwe sokuLawulwa kweziyobisi. "Heroin." Uluhlu lweeNgxelo zoPhando olulungiswe ngoJanuwari 2014
Ubambiswano kwiDrugFree. "Heroin." Isikhokelo seziyobisi . Ufikelele kuMatshi 2014.