Le ngcaciso engama-4 yokulibala
Sonke sisekho: Siyilibala igama lomntu osuka kwixesha elidlulileyo, igama esiyifunayo, okanye ukuba usuku lokuzalwa lomhlobo lwalo luphelileyo iveki. Kodwa kutheni kwaye sikulibala njani ulwazi? Omnye wabaphenyi abaziwayo beememori kakhulu namhlanje, u- Elizabeth Loftus , ufumene izizathu ezine ezibalulekileyo zokuba abantu bayalibale: ukusilela ukuphazamiseka, ukuphazamiseka, ukungabikho kokugcina, kunye nokukhuthaza ukulibala.
1 - Ukungaphumeleli kokubuyisela
Ngaba uke waziva ngathi ingcezu yolwazi sele iphela kwikhompyutha yakho? Okanye mhlawumbi uyazi ukuba kukho, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba uyifumane. Ukungakwazi ukufumana imemori ngenye yezizathu eziqhelekileyo zokulibala.
Ngoko kutheni sihlala singakwazi ukufumana ulwazi kwimemori? Enye inkcazo enokwenzeka yokuphulukana kokubuyiswa iyaziwa njengento yokubola. Ngokwale ngqungquthela, ukulandelwa kwememori kuyadalwa rhoqo xa kuqulunqwa inyilo entsha. Iingcamango zokuhlaziya zibonisa ukuba ngokuhamba kwexesha, le migqa imemori iyaqala ukutshabalalisa nokusabalalisa. Ukuba ulwazi alufumanekanga kwaye luphinda luhlaziywe, luya kulahleka ekugqibeleni.
Enye ingxaki ngale ngcamango, nangona kunjalo, ukuba uphando lubonise ukuba nakwiimemori ezingakhange zihlaziywe okanye zikhunjulwe zizinzile kwiimemori zexesha elide .
2 - Ukuchasana
Enye inkolelo eyaziwa ngokuba yinkcazo yokuphazamisa ibonisa ukuba ezinye iinkumbulo zincintisana kwaye ziphazamise ezinye iimbuliso . Xa ulwazi lufana nolunye ulwazi olwalondolozwe ngaphambili kwimemori, ukuphazamiseka kuya kwenzeka.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zokuphazamiseka:
- Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzayo xa imemori endala yenza kube nzima okanye ayikwazi ukukhumbula imemori entsha.
- Ukuphazamiseka okutshintshileyo kwenzeka xa ulwazi olutsha luphazamisa ukwazi kwakho ukukhumbula ulwazi olufunyenwe ngaphambili.
3 - Ukusilela ukugcina
Ngamanye amaxesha, ukulahlekelwa ngolwazi kunento engaphantsi kokulibala kunye nokunyaniseka kwinto yokuba ayizange ibe yinto engummiselo wexesha elide kwindawo yokuqala. Ukwehluleka kokubhala ngezinye iinkcukacha kuthintela ulwazi ukungena kwimemori yexesha elide.
Ngomnye umzamo owaziwayo, abaphandi bacela ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba bachonge i-pencil efanelekileyo yase-US ngaphandle kweqela lemifanekiso yeepeneni ezingalunganga. Zama ukwenza oku kuzama ngokuzama ukutsala ipenki kwimemori, uze uqhathanise iziphumo zakho kwipeneni yangempela.
Wenza njani kakuhle? Amathuba kukuba uyakwazi ukukhumbula umbala nombala, kodwa mhlawumbi ukhohlile ezinye iinkcukacha ezincinci. Isizathu salokhu kukuba kuphela iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko zokuhlukanisa amapeneni avela kwezinye iirhafu zafakwa kwikhowudi yakho yesikhathi eside.
4 - Ukukhuthaza ukulibala
Ngamanye amaxesha sinokusebenza ngokuzeleyo ukulibala iinkumbulo, ngakumbi ezo ziganeko eziphazamisayo okanye eziphazamisayo. Ezi zimbini iisiseko ezisisiseko zokulibala ukukhutshwa, okuyiyona ndlela eyaziwayo yokulibala, kunye nokunyanzeliswa, uhlobo olungaziwayo lokulibala .
Nangona kunjalo, ingcamango yokukhumbuza inkumbulo ayivunyelwanga yiyo yonke i-psychologists. Enye yeengxaki ezinokukhunjulwa kukukhumbula ukuba kunzima, ukuba akunakwenzeka, ukuba kufundwe ngokwenzululwazi ukuba ingaba imemori ikhutshwe.
Kwakhona qaphela ukuba imisebenzi yengqondo efana nokuhlaziya nokukhumbula iindlela ezibalulekileyo zokomeleza imemori, kwaye iinkumbulo zeziganeko zobomi ezibuhlungu okanye ezibuhlungu kakhulu akunakwenzeka ukuba zikhunjulwe, zixutywe okanye zihlaziywe.
Imithombo:
Loftus, E. Imemori. ENew York: i-Ardsley House Publishers, Inc; 1980.
Nickerson, RS., Adams, MJ. Imemori yexesha elide kwizinto eziqhelekileyo. Psychology Cognitive . 1979; 11 (3): 287-307.