Ukulwa nokutshabalalisa
Uninzi lwabantu ababandakanyeka ekuziphatheni okuluthayo kwaye baqhubeke nokuphuhlisa umlutha wangempela bafumanisa ukuba ukunqoba kwalo kunzima kunokuba babelindele. Nangona ubunzima babantu abanalo nokuyeka iziyobisi baziwa kakuhle, xa abantu beqala ukusebenzisa, bahlala becinga ukuba ukutshaya umlingo yingqungquthela kwaye bayakwazi ukuyeka nayiphi na ixesha abayifunayo, okanye ukuba bahlukile kwimiqathango. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwizinto ezingezizo izinto okanye izilingo zokuziphatha ezibandakanya imisebenzi efana nokutya okugqithiseleyo, isondo, ukugembula, ukuthenga, kunye nokuzivocavoca.
Yintoni eyenza imeko ibe nzima nakakhulu kukuba kukho konke ukuziphatha kakubi, kukho abanye abantu abakwazi ukuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni ngaphandle kokuphuhlisa umlutha. Oku kuyinyaniso kuzo zonke izidakamizwa zokuziphatha (ezinye zazo zibandakanya iintshukumo eziyimpilo okanye eziyimfuneko, njengokutya, ukuzivocavoca, kunye nokuthenga), kodwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, kuquka ukusela okulawulwayo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-marijuana yokuzonwabisa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-heroin.
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Sebenzisa Naluphi na umsebenzi owenzela ukunciphisa utywala
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Ubungqina obuSebenzayo Olwaphulukanayo oluye lwaphumelela ekuchaseni izilingo
Ingqwalasela yokuLungiswa komdaka ichaza umehluko phakathi kokulutha komlutha kunye nokuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni komlutha, okunokuba kunzima ukufaka ikhanda lakho ukuqala ukuqala. Uninzi lwabantu bacinga ukuba bangomnye onenhlanhla abancinci abangayi kufikelela kulo, kwaye ngelanga ngelinakuyifumanisa inyaniso ide ifike kakhulu. Ngethuba baqonda isidingo sokutshintsha, abanokuze bafune. Kungathatha iminyaka ekujongene nemiphumo emibi yokuxilonga ngaphambi kokubona ukuba ibangela iingxaki ezinkulu.
Ukwenza isigqibo sokutshintsha
Ngokukhawuleza okanye kamva, abaninzi abantu abanomlutha banquma ukutshintshwa kufuneka kwenziwe.
Xa isigqibo senziwe, abaninzi abantu banomgomo othile kwingqondo. Kungenzeka ukuba ukushiya ngokupheleleyo, ukuyeka ezinye iziphatho eziluthayo okanye izinto, kodwa kungekhona zonke, ukunciphisa inani lexesha okanye imali esetshenziselwa ukuziphatha kakubi, okanye ukunciphisa ingozi yokuziphatha komlutha. Ngokomzekelo, abaninzi abasebenzisi beziyobisi banquma ukuyeka i-heroin okanye i-meth, kodwa banqume ukuqhubeka nokusela utywala, okanye ukutshaya umsila okanye inambuzane. Abaninzi abanxilisayo banomdla wokusela olunye ngosuku, okanye ukusela kuphela uluntu. Ukucaca kwinjongo yakho ngaphambi kokuyiqhuba kuyakunceda ukuphumelela ekutshintsheni ukuziphatha komlutha.
Nangona ukushiya ngokupheleleyo indlela efanelekileyo yokuphila, ukunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziyingozi kakhulu kukuphucula okukhulu kwaye kuya kunciphisa kakhulu umonakalo obangelwayo. Kwakunjalo nangamakhoboka okuziphatha: Nabani na osenza isigqibo sokuyeka ukutya ngokugqithiseleyo uhamba ngesifo sokutya, nangona ukuyeka ukutya nokutya ukutya okunempilo kuyisigqibo esipheleleyo sokutshintsha. Ukugqiba ukuyeka ukuzibandakanya ngesondo kunokufumana enye indlela yokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi- anorexia yocansi , kodwa ukuhlalisana nobudlelwane obusondeleyo emva kokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kunokuzaliseka kakhulu.
Kwaye ukunciphisa umzimba ngokunyanzelekayo kumanqanaba aphilileyo kunokuphucula impilo nempilo ngaphezu kokuyeka ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo.
Ukwenza isigqibo sokutshintsha, kunye nokugqiba okokutshintshwa kwezi ziza kubonakala ngathi, yinkqubo edla ngokuthatha ixesha elithile. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yindlela yokucamngca , kuba kubandakanya ukucinga, okanye ukucinga, nokuba utshintshe nokuba yintoni utshintsho kufuneka lubandakanye. Iinjongo zokuzimisela azihlali zilungile kakhulu; Kungcono ukusekela injongo oza kuphumelela ngayo kunokuba ucwangcise ukuyeka ukutshisa okubandayo kwaye ugqibe ukubuyela kwakhona, okuya kuba yingozi ngaphezu kokuqhubeka ngaphandle kweenguqulelo. Ukubonisana nogqirha, umcebisi wezokwelapha, okanye isazi sezengqondo kunceda kakhulu kule nqanaba, njengoko aba baxhasi banokukunceda ukuba uqonde ingozi kunye noko kunokubanceda banciphise.
Ukulungiselela Ukutshintsha
Emva kokuba ucacile kwinjongo yakho, usenokufuna ukulungiselela ukutshintsha. Ukulungiselela kuquka ukukhipha zombini izinto eziluthayo ukusuka ekhaya kwaye zibangele ebomini bakho obunokukwenza ukuba usebenzise kwakhona ezo zinto.
Abantu abanomlwelwe ngesondo bangadinga ukulahla iifayili zoononophala kunye necacileyo kwiimbali zabo ze-intanethi kunye nezintandokazi. Abantu abadliwayo banokudinga ukuhamba ngeebhotile zabo zokutya kunye nokulahla i-stockyiles of candy kunye nekiki. I-Shopaholics kunye neengxaki zengcakaza zingadinga ukusika amakhadi abo ekwereta kwaye zilungiselele kunye neebhanki zazo ukuba zifumane imali eyaneleyo yokufihla iindleko kunye neendleko zokuhlala.
Mhlawumbi ilungiselelo elona lukhuni ngakumbi lokwenza uxhalabano lwentlalo, oludla ngokubhekiselele ekuziphatheni okuxhatshazwayo kubantu abanezidakamizwa. Ngokukhawuleza ukuyeka ukuziphatha kakubi kunokuba yedwa, ingakumbi ukuba ulahlekelwe kukuthintana nabantu abangenalo ukuziphatha okufanayo. Abanxilayo baninzi bafumana ukujoyina iqela lokunceda, njengeAA, luncedo lokuba neqela labalingani abaqondayo oko bahambayo.
Thatha ixesha lokuqhagamshelana nabahlobo kunye nosapho abaya kukuxhasa kwiinjongo zakho ngaphandle kokugweba ukuba amaxesha abe nzima kwaye udibanise. Ungaphinda ufune ukuvumela abo bahlobo ukuba baphuze, basebenzise iziyobisi, okanye bahlanganyele ekuziphatheni okuluthayo ngokuyazi ukuba uceba ukutshintsha.
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Indlela yokwenza unyango lweCjnitive Treatment Can Can Help Addicts Recover
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Nanku Kukhangeleka Yintoni Ekhuthaza Abafazi Ukuba Bafune Ukubuyiselwa Kwisistim
Basenokungayiqondi-okanye unokumangaliswa. Ngayiphi na indlela, yinto efanelekileyo yokubazisa malunga nenjongo yakho kunye nento abangayenza ukuze bayigcine, nangona kuthetha ukuthatha ikhefu kumhlobo.
Ngenxa yokwehliswa kotywala kunye neziyobisi, kuyilungileyo ukuthetha nodokotela wakho okanye kwikliniki yezilwanyana zendawo malunga nokuba ufuna uncedo lwezokwelapha xa uyeka. Kukho ezinye iindlela ezininzi zokuncedisa amayeza ukuze uncede ukunciphisa iimpawu zokuhoxiswa kule mihla, kwaye ukuba unengxaki yengqondo yengqondo, njengokukhathazeka okanye ukuxinezeleka, unokufumanisa ngakumbi kunzima ngexesha lokuxotha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oogqirha kunye neeklinikhi zonyango bayamxhasa kwaye banomdla ngokukunika uncedo oluyidingayo, ngoko unganqikazi ukufikelela.
Ukuyeka ukuziphatha okuMilutha
Ukushiya ngamava ahlukeneyo kuwo wonke umntu. Abanye bafumana inkqubo yokukhulula kunye nokuxhobisa, kwaye bazive ukuba banokuphumeza nantoni na. Abanye bakubona kukubuhlungu, kunzima, kwaye kuphazamisekile, ngamanye amaxesha badinga iinzame ezininzi ezingaphumeleli ngaphambi kokuba bafezekise injongo yabo. Kanti abanye bafumana amacala amatsha ngexesha lomsebenzi wokuyeka (amandla amakhulu okubonisa imfesane, umzekelo).
Akukho ndlela "efanelekileyo" yokuziva xa uyeka. Kodwa ukuba uziva ucinezelekile okanye uzifumene ufune ukubuyela kwisimo sokulutha, kufuneka ufune inkxaso kunye neyeza kunyango lakho.
Ukufumana unyango lokunqoba umlutha
Kukho unyango oluthile olunokukunceda ngexesha lokunciphisa umlutha, kubandakanya unyango lwezonyango neengqondo. Akukho nhlobo "olufanelekileyo" lonyango, nangona ezinye iindlela zixhaswa bhetele ngophando kunabanye. Izindlela ezinjenge- ctnitive treatment therapy (CBT) zinceda abaninzi, kwaye uphando lubonisa ukuba luncedo kakhulu ekuncedeni abantu ukuba banqobe zonke iintlobo zezilungo. Kodwa i-CBT ayinayo yonke into, kwaye ezinye iindlela zingasilungeleka ngakumbi abo bangaboni kakuhle ukuhlalutya iingcamango zabo, iimvakalelo zabo kunye nokuziphatha kwabo.
Izindlela ezijoliswe ekucingeleni ziye zaza zaziwa kakhulu kwaye ziza kuba lula ukuzibandakanya nabantu abaninzi. Njengoko kunye ne-CBT, ukuqonda kukunceda abantu abaneengxaki zempilo yengqondo, ezifana nokuxhalaba okanye ukuxinezeleka.
Ezinye iintlobo zonyango zinokunceda, kubandakanywa ukucebisa iingcebiso , unyango lweentsapho kunye neurotherapy . Amayeza ngamanye amaxesha anganceda ngexesha elifutshane okanye ixesha elide. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela ezifumanekayo kwaye ezifanelekileyo.
Ukujamelana neempawu zokuLawula
Izimpawu zokurhoxisa zibe ngumbandundu onzima wokulwa nomlutha, kokubili izidakamizwa eziphathekayo kunye nokuziphatha.
Ngezidakamizwa zeziyobisi, iimpawu zomzimba zokuxothwa zingenakukhathazeka kakhulu, zivakalelwa njengomkhuhlane obi, okanye zingasongela ubomi. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, kuluvo olufanelekileyo ukuthetha nodokotela malunga nendlela engcono kunye nendawo efanelekileyo yokuyeka into efana ne-alcohol, i-painkillers, i-benzodiazepines kunye nezinye izidakamizwa, i-speed, ne-heroin.
Ngethamsanqa, uninzi lweempawu eziphambili zokurhoxisa phakathi kweveki okanye ezimbini zokuyeka, nangona kufanele uzinakekele ngokukhethekileyo ukuba ungathathi umyinge wakho omdala ukuba uye waphuma. Umngcipheko wokufa ngokugqithiseleyo uphezulu kakhulu xa uye wahamba ngokugqithisa, njengoko ukunyamezela kwakho izidakamizwa kuya kuba ngaphantsi kunokuba ungayiyeka. Qinisekisa ukuba unomntu kunye nawe xa unquma ukusebenzisa kwakhona.
Nangona kunjalo, inani labantu abashiya umlutha lifumanisa ukuba iimpawu ezithile zokuhoxiswa zibonakala ziqhubeka kwaye ziqhubeka. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yi- post-acute syndrome , kwaye inokuqhubeka iiveki, iinyanga, okanye neminyaka kwezinye iimeko.
Ukongezelela, izilingo ngamanye amaxesha zinokuthi zidibanise iingxaki zempilo yengqondo, ezifana nokuxhalaba, ukuxinezeleka, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, kunye neengqondo, kunye neziyobisi kunye notywala kunokuncedisa le ngxaki. Ukuba ufumene unqabile okanye utyhafile, okanye ukuba ukhathazeke ukuba ihlabathi okanye abanye abantu babonakala bengaqhelekanga okanye bexakazekile njengoko uyeka, xela nodokotela wakho. Kukho unyango olusebenzayo kwezi ngxaki ezisebenza ngokugqithiseleyo kunezinto eziluthayo kunye nokuziphatha.
Ukuphepha Ukuphinda Ubuyele
Akukho mntu owenza umgudu wokunciphisa okanye ukuyeka ukuziphatha okumluthayo ufuna ukusilela, kodwa ukuphindaphinda kuqhelekile kunokuba unqobe umlutha kwizame zokuqala. Oku akuthethi uya kuphumelela-ithetha nje ukuba kungathatha ambalwa ukuza ukuba ulungile.
Esinye sezizathu eziqhelekileyo zokuphindaphindiwe yiminqweno. Iinqweno zincomelelo ezinamandla zokusebenzisa okanye ukubandakanya ukuziphatha komlutha, kwaye ziqhelekileyo ngexesha lokuhoxiswa. Kodwa banokukhupha ngokukhawuleza, ngamanye amaxesha bangalindelekanga, iiveki, inyanga okanye iminyaka emva kokuyeka. Nangona banokuziva becinezelekile, unokufunda ukuhlangabezana nezifiso ngaphandle kokuzinikela.
Esinye isizathu esiqhelekileyo sokubuyela kuphinda ucinge ukuba ulawula ngoku, kunye nokusela okunye, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, utywala, okanye nayiphi na into engeyiyo. Ewe, kunokwenzeka kwaye akunako. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuphindaphinda kukusela okunye okanye ukusetyenziswa, kwaye unokufumanisa ukuba awuyi kuphinda ujonge kwakhona, okanye ube yintlambo elula ukuyisebenzisa rhoqo okanye ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kusenokuthetha ukugqithisa okanye ukufa.
Ukujamelana nokubuyiswa
Kubalulekile ukuba ungaboni kwakhona ukusilela. Into yokuqala yokwenza xa uqaphela ukuba uphinde ubuyeke ukuqonda ukuba kwenzekani.
Ukuqonda isizathu sokuba uphinde uhlawule ngokuqhelekileyo kukho enye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu zokunqoba umlutha. Emva kokuba uqonda iziphumo zakho kunye nobuthathaka, unokubeka izinto endaweni ukuze unciphise ithuba lokubuyela kwakhona. Unokusebenzisa oko wafunda okokuqala xa ushiya okanye usika ukuze ube yimpumelelo ezayo.
Ukuziphatha okulawulwayo emva koMlutha
Nangona umgomo wakho ukuyeka ngokupheleleyo, unokugqiba isigqibo ngethuba elizayo ukuba ufuna ukukwazi ukuzenza ngaphandle kokukwenza ngokugqithiseleyo. Oku kunokwenzeka, kodwa kubalulekile ukucaca malunga noko ufuna ukukwenza. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukukwazi ukusela kunye nabahlobo, kufuneka ukwazi ukusela kunye nokuyeka.
Oku kungaba ngamava amatsha kuwe, kwaye inokukhulula. Kwakhona kubonakala kubangele kwaye kunzima. Abaphuzi abaninzi banokufumana lula ukuhlala beqhelile kunokuba batywe ngamanye amaxesha. Ukuba uzimisele ukusela, kwaye ekugqibeleni ube neqela elithile, kufuneka uphinde uphinde uqikelele iinjongo zakho kunye noko kufikeleleka kuwe ngeli xesha lobomi bakho.
UkuKhusela ukuTshintshwa kweeNkqubo zokuLungisa iziThuthi
Abanye abantu bafumanisa ukuba xa beyeka okanye batshintsha ukuziphatha komlutha, omnye uza kunye nokuyifaka. Abaphuza kakhulu kunye nabokutshaya bavame ukufumana ukutya kunye nokubeka ubunzima. Abantu abanengxaki yokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo banokuzithengela ngokuzivocavoca. Ngenxa yokuba izilwanyana eziluthayo zineenkqubo ezifanayo ze-neurological and psychological processes, kwaye zidala iimvakalelo ezivuyisayo kunye neemvakalelo, ukuziphatha okutshintsha umlutha kuqhelekileyo phakathi kwabo bazama ukunqoba umlutha.
Ubuqhetseba bokuphepha ukunyanzela ukutshintsha ukufumana ukunyaniseka kumava obomi obuqhelekileyo. Ezi zihlandlo zingaphantsi kobunzima kunye nokuziphatha okuphezulu kokuziphatha kakubi, kodwa ukwazi nokuthanda kwabo kunokuvelisa inqanaba elitsha lokuzola ongenakuze ube nakho ngaphambili. Kwaye abaninzi abantu banomuva wokuba banxibelelana nenyani kunye nokuba ubudlelwane buyinyani ngakumbi xa behlala befuna ukuzonwabisa.
Enye into ebalulekileyo yokuphepha ukunyanzela ukutshintshwa kwezidakamizwa kukujongana naziphi na iingxaki zempilo yengqondo. Izibhengezo ziyakwazi ukufihla ingxaki eyadlulayo, okanye iimvakalelo ezingenanto, ukukhathazeka okanye ukwesaba. Iiphilisi zengqondo, kwakunye nemichiza, inokubonelela ngoncedo lwexesha elide kulezi ngxaki, ezo zilingo ziba nzima ngaphezu kwexesha.
Utshintsho kuBudlelwane noBungane
Ulwalamano lwakho kunye nabangane banokutshintsha njengoko unqoba umlutha wakho. Njengoko bengasayi kuphinda bajikeleze ngokuziphatha komlutha, kunokuthatha ixesha ukuqonda indlela entsha evamile. Unokuphinda uthinteke ngokunyaniseka nokulula kwabo bahlala ubomi ngaphandle kokugxotha phezulu. Unokufumanisa ukuba abahlobo kunye nosapho ongeke udibene naloo nto xa udibene nomlingo wakho kukumkela ebomini babo.
Nangona kunjalo, kunokuthatha ixesha kunye nomgudu wokuthembela ukuba uphinde uqiniseke ukuba ubuhlungu buhlobo okanye usapho ngelixa ubandakanyeka ekusebenzeni kwakho. Unokufumanisa ukuba uncinci ngokufanayo kunye nabahlobo owachitha ixesha elininzi ngexesha lakho lomlutha kunokuba waqaphela, kwaye unokufumanisa ukuba awuhambisani nokuphila kwindlela entsha. Khumbula, ungumzekelo omkhulu kwaye wenze aba bahlobo inkonzo enkulu ngokubonisa ukuba utshintsho lunokwenzeka. Oko kwathiwa, ungabavumeli bakukhuphe ebomini obashiye emva.
ILizwi
Ukubuyiselwa kwexesha elide akusiyo indawo yokugqibela, kodwa inkqubo eqhubekayo yokujongana nokujongana nobomi ngaphandle kokubuyela kwimimiselo yokulutha njengendlela yokuhlangabezana okanye ukuphucula iintsuku zomntu. Kuthatha ukuzinikezela okuqhubekayo, okunokubhukuda nanini na ixesha-ngokukodwa ixesha loxinzelelo. Ungalokothi ulibale ukufuna uncedo ngaphambi kokufikelela isiselo okanye isicatshulwa, okanye uziphatha ngendlela yokulutha. Abanye abaye bahlala kuyo, okanye abaqeqeshi abasebenza ekugqithiseni, bayaqonda ukuba usadinga inkxaso ngenkxaso ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Sikunqwenela ngokuba uthatha isinyathelo esibalulekileyo kwimpilo yakho.
Imithombo:
UDenning, uP., Little, J., kunye no-Glickman, A. Ngempembelelo: Isikhokelo sokuNciphisa ukuHlaba ukuLawula iziyobisi kunye noTywala. ENew York: Guilford. 2004.
UHartney, E., Orford, J., Dalton, S. et al. "Abangenayo abaphuza kakhulu: uvavanyo olulinganisiweyo noluninzi lokuxhomekeka nokulungele ukutshintsha." Uluhlu loPhando kunye neNkcazo 2003 11: 317-337.
Miller, WR & Rollnick, S. Ukukhuthazwa kweengxoxo: Ukunceda abantu batshintshe, udidi lwesithathu. 2012.
Miller, WR & Carroll, KM Ukuxhatshazwa kwezidakamizwa: Izinto ezenziwa yiNzululwazi, kunye nento esimele siyenze ngayo, ngo- 2010.
Orford, J. Izicelo ezithintekayo: Iingqondo zeZengqondo zezoMilo. Uluhlu lwe sibini. Chicester: Wiley. 2001.