Ubuchwephesha obuSebenzisana neNkcazo yeZengqondo ngokuPhatha iNinzi yeziLawuli
Ziyiphi i-Cognitive Behavioral Treatment (CBT)?
Ulwaphulo lweZenzo zokuziphatha, okubizwa ngokuba yiChornitive Behavior Treatment okanye i-CBT emfutshane, luhlobo "lokuthetha" lonyango, olusekelwe kwimigaqo yengqondo yokuziphatha - ngokuphathelele indlela abantu abaziphatha ngayo abanokulawulwa okanye ukuguqulwa, kunye neengcamango zokuqonda - ezijolise ekuqondeni indlela abantu bacinga ngayo, bazive, baziqonde kunye nehlabathi elibajikelezile.
Ukuziphatha kujolise ekuziphatheni okanye kwizenzo umntu azithathayo, kanti iimbono zokuqonda zijolise kwimibono yabantu - into abonwayo, ukuva, nokuziva, iingcamango zabo kunye neemvakalelo zabo. I-CBT yindlela eyahlukeneyo yokuphathwa kweyeza, ejolise ekuguquleni ukuziphatha ngokubambisana nokuqiniswa okungalunganga nokungalunganga, okanye imivuzo kunye nezohlwayo, ngokuziphatha okufunwa ngumntu ukwandisa okanye ukunciphisa.
Amava omntu wokuqonda iquka ukuqonda kwethu, iingcinga, iimvakalelo kunye nokuqonda. Oku kubandakanya konke okufika engqondweni yethu ngeengqondo zethu, okanye ngendlela esicinga ngayo okanye esivakalelwa ngayo ngamava ethu adlulileyo. Ukuhlalutya uhlalutyo lokuqaphela ukuziphatha kwonyango kukhokelela ekuphuhliseni ukunyangwa kwengqondo ngokuziqwalasela iingcamango zabantu kunye neemvakalelo zabo ngokuziphatha kwabo. Esikhundleni sokubheka kunye nokuziphatha okulawulayo, kukho ingqalelo ehlawulwe kwizinto eziqhubekayo engqondweni yomntu, nokuba indlela ezo ngcamango, iingcinga kunye nevakalelo ezikhokelela ngayo ukuba ziphathe ngendlela ethile.
I-CBT ihlolisisa ngakumbi iimpikiswano phakathi koko sifuna ukukwenza nento esiyenzayo ngokwenene. Umlutha ngumzekelo omhle wolu hlobo lwezinto eziphikisanayo - singayazi into enempilo kwaye iphephile, oko kukugwema ukuziphatha kakubi kunye nezinto, kodwa sikhetha ukuqhubela phambili kwaye sihlanganyele ekuziphatheni nantoni na, ngezinye izihlandlo ezikhokelela kwimiphumo emibi kakhulu thina nabanye abantu.
Nangona abantu abanezidakamizwa bangazisola ngezi ziphatha, kunzima ukuyeka ukuphinda, ngamanye amaxesha ngaphandle komntu ngokwenene uyazi isizathu.
Unyango loLwaphulo lokuChengeza
Umlutha ngumzekelo ocacileyo wendlela yokuziphatha echasene nento umntu efunyanwa ngayo ofuna ukuyenza. Nangona abantu bezama ukunqoba ukuziphatha kakubi, baya kuthi bafuna ukutshintsha ezo ziphatha, kwaye banokufuna ukuyeka utywala, iziyobisi okanye ezinye iindlela zokubangela iingxaki, kuba kunzima ukwenza njalo. Ngokutsho kwendlela yokuziphatha kwengqondo, ukuziphatha kakubi, njengokusela, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, ingxaki yokugembula, ukuthengwa ngokunyanisekileyo, umdlalo weemidlalo, ukulutha kokutya kunye nezinye iintlobo zokuziphatha kakubi, ziphumo zeengcamango ezingalunganga kunye neemvakalelo eziphazamisayo.
Ulwaphulo lokuziphatha olunokwenzululwazi luchaza oku ngokucacisa indlela iingcamango neemvakalelo zabantu ezibandakanya ngayo. Iingcali zengqondo zifumanisa ukuba abaninzi bethu baneengcamango, ngokusekelwe kwiinkolelo ezingenamanga, ezingenangqiqo, okanye ezingenakwenzeka ukuba ziphile, kwaye ezi ngcamango zibangele iimvakalelo eziphazamisayo ezondla uxhalaba, ukuxinezeleka kunye nezimo ezinjengomlutha.
Ngokuqwalasela ngokucwangcisekileyo iingcamango zethu kunye neemvakalelo ezihambelanayo, kunye neziganeko ezibangela ezo ngcamango neemvakalelo, kunye nendlela esiziphatha ngayo ngenxa yoko, sinokuqala ukutshintsha iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo ezonakalisa imizamo yethu ekutshintsheni iimpawu zethu.
Ngokujonga iipateni zeengcamango neemvakalelo esizifumana ngokuphindaphindiweyo, sinokuqala ukutshintsha ezo ngcamango ngokujonga ngokugqithiseleyo imeko kwiindlela ezichanekileyo, ezingenakuzenzekela ngokukodwa kwiimvakalelo ezimbi kunye neziphumo zokuziphatha ezimazi. Ngokuzizuzisa ngokuziphatha okunempilo sithatha indawo yezo ziphatha ezinobungozi kunye, ngokugqithiseleyo kwexesha, iziphatho ezinempilo zidibaniswa nemvakalelo emihle, kwaye zenzeke ngokuzenzekelayo.
I-CBT inerekhodi elihle kakhulu, kunye nezifundo ezininzi ezibonisa ukuphumelela kwayo ekuphatheni ukuxinezeleka, uxinzelelo kunye nezinye iimeko, kubandakanywa umlutha.
Iindlela ze-CBT eziye zagqithiswa ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 ziye zahlanjululwa kwaye zatshintshwa ngokubizwa ngokuthi "ingqungquthela yesithathu" yonyango yokuziphatha, ejolise ekukhunjweni, ekuvunyelweni nasekuhambeni kwexesha. Ezi ndlela ziquka Ukwamkelwa kunye neNyathelo loTywala (UMTHETHO), iTrathérable Behavioral Treatment (DBT), iTransitive Cognitive Treatment-Based Based Psychotherapy.
> Imithombo
> Burns, D. Ukuziva okulungileyo: Ulwaphulo olutsha lweMaod . (Uhlaziyo olulungisiweyo). UHarperCollins: eNew York. 1980.
> Burns, D. I-Handbook Good Handbook . (Uhlaziyo olulungisiweyo). Ipenguin: Harmondsworth. 1999.
> ULedley, D., uMarx, B. kunye noHeimberg, R. Ukwenza iChornitive Behavioral Treatment Work. I-New York: I-Guilford Press. 2005.
> Linehan, M. Ukunyanga-Ukuziphatha koMntu weNgcaciso yoMntu weMida. I-New York: I-Guilford Press. 1993.