Kule minyaka emininzi edlulileyo, uphando olungenamlinganiselo luye lwaqhutywa kwaye izigidigidi zeedola zityalomali ekusekeni iindlela zokunyangwa koxinzelelo olusisiseko. Le yile ngonyango eyona ndlela iphumelele ekuphatheni umlutha. Ezi zonyango zibizwa ngokuba "unyango olusisekelwe kubungqina" okanye "uphando olusisiseko," kuba luxhaswa bubungqina obuvela kwizifundo zophando.
Ukufuna olu hlobo lonyango olusekelwe kubungqina yindlela efanelekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba ixesha lakho nemali isetyenziswe kakuhle kwindlela eye yaboniswa ukuba iyasebenza. Nangona wonke umntu ehlukileyo, kwaye oko kusebenza kumnye akuyi kusebenza omnye, unokukhuseleka kakhulu ukuzama enye yezonyango ezingezantsi kunonyango olungenakutshintshwa, okanye osekelwe kwiindlela ezifana nokujongana okanye ukuhlaziswa komntu onalo umlutha. Ezi ndlela ziye zafunyanwa kungekuphela nje ukuba zingasebenzi, kodwa ukuba zivelise iziphumo, zihlala ziwonakalisa ubudlelwane kunye nenkolelo kwiintlobo zonyango, kwaye ukwenza imizamo ezayo kunzima.
1 - Ukukhuthazwa kwengxoxo
Ukuvakalisa iNtetho-mboleko yinkqubo yokungabambisani, yokubambisana yokunceda abantu ukuba benze utshintsho ebomini babo, bajolise ekuboniseni iingcamango zomntu, kunokuba ugqirha uphumelele iingcamango zabo; kunye nokuzimela komntu onomlutha, kunokuba ugqirha onegunya phezu kwazo. Abantu abaninzi bafumana intlibano yokucebisana ngokunyanisekileyo kunye neendlela eziqinisekisileyo kunezinye iindlela, kwaye bazive bexhaswa ekufumaneni indlela yabo yokuziphatha kwabo.
2 - Unyango oluxhasayo-oluxhasayo
Ulwaphulo -lugqirha oluxhasayo lusetyenziso lwe -psychotherapy psychotherapy olusebenzayo ekuphatheni izifo ezinzulu zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi . Uxhaswa-oluxhasayo lonyango lusuka kwi-orientary psycho-orientation esekelwe kwingcamango yokuba iingxaki zengqondo, kuquka izilingo, zivela kwimpikiswano, iisambuku kunye neepatheni zobudlelwane ezisungulwa ebuntwaneni. Ngokuziqonda ngakumbi, ukunyamezela kunye nokusebenza ngale ndlela yokungaxhamli kwiindlela zokusebenzisana, ezi ngxaki zinokukunqoba.
3 - Unyango lweCognitive-Behavioral (CBT)
Ngokutsho kwendlela yokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT), iimpawu zokulutha, ezifana nokusela, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, ingxaki yokugembula, ukuthengwa ngokunyanzelekileyo, umdlalo wegeyimu yevidiyo, ukunyaniseka kokutya kunye nezinye iintlobo zokuziphatha okubi kakhulu, sisiphumo seengcamango ezingalunganga kunye iimvakalelo ezimbi. Ngokutshintsha iipatheni zakho zokucinga, nge-CBT, ungatshintsha indlela ovakalelwa ngayo kwaye uziphathe ngayo. I-CBT inerekhodi elihle kakhulu, kunye nezifundo ezininzi ezibonisa ukuphumelela kwayo ekuphatheni ukuxinezeleka, uxinzelelo kunye nezinye iimeko, kubandakanywa umlutha.
4 - Unyango lweNtsapho
Ulwaphulo lwezentsapho lubhekwa njengolu "mgangatho wegolide" wokuphathwa kweengxaki zokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa kwiintsholongwane, kwaye ngoku iqela elikhulu lophando lusekela ngokufanayo kwimeko yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa zabantu abadala. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwentsapho, olubandakanya unyango lwezakhiwo zentsapho, ukululekwa kweengcebiso zentsapho (BFC), kunye ne-Multidimensional Family Therapy (MDFT) kwi-Adolescents.
5 - Ababini Ukucebisa
Ukucebisa ababini, ngamanye amaxesha okubizwa ngokuba ngamaqabane obhejane , kugxininisa ubudlelwane phakathi koqabane njengomthombo kunye nesisombululo seengxaki ezinxulumene nokulutha, kunye neminye imiba. Ngokuxhasa ulwalamano kunye nokudweba kwenkxaso phakathi kobudlelwane, izibhedlele zonyango zinokuphumelela kakhulu ekunqobeni iingxaki zokuxhatshazwa. Kuye kwaboniswa ukuba iyasebenza kwiibhanqa ze-LGBT.
6 - Uphuhliso loLuntu kunye neNethiwekhi yeTradio (SBNT)
Ukuziphatha kwezenhlalakahle kunye nokunxibelelanisa unyango kuninzi kunonyango oluthile lwezonyango ezinjenge- ctnitive therapy (CBT) , Ukuthintela ukuLungisa, ukuPhucula uLuntu, uLawulo lwabantu abathandanayo kunye noLwaphulo lweNtsapho. I-Social behavior and Network Network isekelwe kwingcamango yokuba amanxibelelwano oluntu anokuchaphazela kakhulu abantu abanomdla ophezulu wokusetyenziswa kweengxaki zonyango.
> Imithombo:
> Copello, A., Orford, J., Hodgson, R., Tober, G., & Barrett, C. "Ukuziphatha kwezenhlalakahle kunye nokunxibelelanisa unyango: imigaqo siseko kunye namava okuqala." Ukunyanzeliswa kwezilingo, 27, 345-366. 2002.
> Diener, uMarc J. Pierson, uMeredith M. "I-Technique kunye nenkqubo yokwelapha esuka kwindlela yokuxhaswa kwengqondo yokuxhasana." I-Psychotherapy , I-Vol 50 (3), Umcimbi okhethekileyo: Inkqubo yezonyango. iphe. 424-427. Septemba 2013.
> Fals-Stewart, W., O'Farrell, TJ, & Lam, WK "Ulwaphulo lwezilwanyana ezinobungqingili kunye nemibhangqwana engqingili yobunxila." I-Journal ye-Treatment Abuse Treatment, 37, 379-387. 2009.
> Henderson, uCraig E. Dakof, uGayle A. Greenbaum, uPaul E. Liddle, Howard A. "Ukuphumelela kolwaphulo lweentsapho ezininzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo: Ingxelo evela kwiilingo ezimbini ezilawulwa ngandlela-thile." I-Journal ye-Consulting kunye ne-Psychology yecliniki, 78 (6), 885-897. 2010.
> Miller, W. & Rollnick, S. Ukuvuselela Ingxoxo: Ukulungiselela Abantu Ukutshintsha. Uluhlu lwesithathu. I-New York: I-Guilford Press. 2012.