Abantu bafunda njani izinto ezintsha? Lo mbuzo ubonakala ulula, kodwa uyisihloko esisisigxina somdla kubafundi bezengqondo kunye nootitshala. Iingcali ziyavuma ukuba kukho iinkqubo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo apho ulwazi lungafundwa khona. Enye yale ndlela echazwe yesazi sengqondo yexesha elidala yaziwa ngokuba yindawo yokuhlala. Indawo yokuhlala iyingxenye yenkqubo yokufunda evumela ukuba sitshintshe iimvo zethu ezikhoyo ukuze sithathe ulwazi olutsha.
Ukujonga ngakumbi Indawo yokuhlala
Ekuqaleni kucetywayo nguJean Piaget , ixesha lokuhlala libhekisela kwinxalenye yenkqubo yokulungelelanisa. Inkqubo yokuhlala iquka ukuguqula iiskimu ezikhoyo, okanye iingcamango, ngenxa yolwazi olutsha okanye amava amatsha. Iimpawu ezintsha zingaphinde zaphuhliswa kule nkqubo.
Cinga, umzekelo, ukuba abantwana abancinane bafunda njani ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana. Umntwana omncinci unokuba ne-schema ekhoyo kwizinja. Uyazi ukuba izinja zinemilenze emine, ngoko unokuzikholelwa ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba zonke izilwanyana ezinemilenze emine yizinja. Xa kamva ekufundeni ukuba iikati nazo zinemilenze emine, iya kuba nenkqubo yokuhlala apho icebo lakhe elikhoyo lezinja liza kutshintsha kwaye uya kuphuhlisa isicwangciso esitsha seekati. I-Schemas iya kucocwa ngakumbi, icaciswe, kwaye iqulethwe njengolwazi olutsha luhlanganiselwe kwaye lubandakanywe kwiingcamango zethu kunye neenkolelo zethu malunga nendlela umhlaba usebenza ngayo.
Indawo yokuhlala iya kuhlala kuyo yonke imihla
Indawo yokuhlala ayenzeki nje kuphela kubantwana; Abantu abadala bafumana oku oku. Xa amava ekwazisa ulwazi olutsha okanye ulwazi oluphikisana neeskimu ezikhoyo, kufuneka uhlale kule nkqubo entsha ukuze uqinisekise ukuba into ephakathi kwentloko yakho iyavumelana nento engekho kweli hlabathi.
Ngokomzekelo, cingela inkwenkwana ephakanyiswe kwikhaya elibonisa isicatshulwa esicatshangelwayo malunga nelinye iqela lentlalo. Ngenxa yokukhuliselwa kwakhe, unokuhlala ebandlulula abantu abakweli qela. Xa le nkwenkwe ihamba ukuya ekolishi, ngokukhawuleza ifumanisa abantu beli qela. Ngamava kunye nokusebenzisana kwangempela namalungu ale qela, uyaqonda ukuba ulwazi lwakhe olukhoyo luyiphutha ngokupheleleyo. Oku kukhokelela kutshintsho olukhulu, okanye indawo yokuhlala, kwienkolelo zakhe malunga namalungu ale qela lentlalontle.
Imiba malunga neNkqubo yokuHlala
Kwincwadi yabo ye- Educational Psychology (ngo-2011), ababhali beTuckman kunye ne-Monetti inqaku lokuba uPiaget wayekholelwa ukubaluleka kokulinganisela phakathi kweendawo zokuhlala kunye neenkqubo zokubambisa . Ukuxelisa kuyingxenye ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokufunda, kodwa ukuhlakulela umgangatho ozinzile wokuzimela kubalulekile. Ukudlala kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa abantwana nabo kufuneka baqhube kwinkqubo yokuhambelana nokufumana ulwazi olutsha ukuze bafunde.
"Kufuneka kubekho indawo yokuhlala yokuhlala eyaneleyo ukudibana kunye nokulungelelanisa iimeko ezintsha kunye nokwaneliseka okwaneleyo ukusebenzisa i-scheme ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo," uTuckman noMonetti bathetha.
Ukufikelela kwimeko yokulingana phakathi kweenkqubo zokuncedisa kunye nokuhlala kukunceda ukudala umqondo wokuzinza phakathi komntu kunye nommandla wakhe.
Ngoko ke yintoni enquma ukuba ingqungquthela entsha yolwazi ifakwe okanye ifakwe. Kwi- Encyclopedia yezeMpilo Psychology (2008), i-Byrnes ibhala ukuba ezi zimbini iinkqubo zisebenza ngokuchasene nomnye.
Injongo yokubambisana kukugcina isimo semeko. Ngokufakela ulwazi, ugcina ulwazi lwakho olukhoyo kunye neeskimu kwaye ufumana indawo yokugcina le ngcaciso entsha. Kufana nokuthenga incwadi entsha nokufumana indawo yokuyigcina kwiincwadi zakho zokufunda.
Ukuhlala, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubandakanya ukuguqula ulwazi lwakho olukhoyo ngesihloko. Oku kufana nokuthenga incwadi entsha, ukuyiqonda akuhambelani nakweyiphi na iincwadi ezikhoyo zeencwadi, kwaye uthengisa iyunithi entsha yokugcina indawo yokugcina zonke iincwadi zakho.
Kwimeko nayiphi na imeko, i-Byrnes iphakamisa, nokuba indawo yokuhlala okanye ukujongwa "kuya kuphumelela," kudla ngokuxhomekeka kwinto efunyenwe.
> Imithombo:
> Byrnes, JP Ukulinganisa. In Encyclopedia of Education Psychology, uMqulu 1. NJSalkind & K. Rasmussen (Eds.). Amawaka ama-Oaks, CA: I-SAGE Publications; 2008.
> Tuckman, B. & Monetti, D. I-Psychology yezemfundo. EBelmont, CA: iWadsworth; 2011.