Iziganeko ezibalulekileyo zengqondo zimela amanyathelo abalulekileyo ekuqhubekeni kwintetho yomntwana. Kuyo yonke imbali yabantu, iintsana zazivame ukucatshulwa njengezinto ezilula, ezingabonakaliyo. Ngaphambi kwekhulu lama-20, abantwana babedla ngokubonakala nje njengeenguqu ezincinane zabantu abadala. Kwaze kwaba yilapho izazi zeengqondo ezifana noJean Piaget zicetyiswa ukuba abantwana bacinga ngokungafaniyo kunabantu abadala kwaye abantu baqala ukujonga ubuntwaneni kunye nentsha njengethuba elilodwa lokukhula kunye nophuhliso.
Abantu abadala bavame ukugxotha izakhono zobuchule ezingqondweni zabantwana kunye nabantwana abancinci, kodwa abacwaningci nabaphandi banamhlanje baye bafumanisa ukuba abantwana basoloko befunda, becinga, bahlola ihlabathi elibangqongileyo.
Ngana iintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa zithatha ngokukodwa ulwazi kunye nokufunda izinto ezintsha. Ukongezelela ukuqokelela ulwazi olutsha ngabantu kunye nehlabathi elibangqongileyo, iintsana zihlala zifumana izinto ezintsha malunga nazo.
Ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya kwiinyanga ezintathu
Iinyanga zokuqala ezintathu zobomi bomntwana zixesha lokumangalisa. Amanqaku amakhulu okuphuhliswa kweli nqanaba axhomekeke ekuhloliseni iingqondo ezisisiseko nokufunda okungakumbi malunga nomzimba kunye nendalo. Ngeli xesha, ininzi iintsana ziqala uku:
- Bona izinto ngokucacileyo kumgama wee-13 intshi
- Gxininisa izinto ezihambayo, kubandakanywa ubuso babanonophelo
- Xelela phakathi kokunambitheka, okunomunyu, okukrakra, kunye noomuncu
- Khangela ukungafani kwimiba kunye nevolumu
- Jonga yonke imibala kwimbonakalo yabantu
- Ukuphendula kwimo engqongileyo
- Ukubonisa iimpawu zokulindela ezinjenge-rooting kunye nokutshiza kwindawo yesipu okanye ibhotile
Ukususela kwi-3 ukuya kwi-6 inyanga
Ukususela kwasebuntwaneni, ukuqonda kwamakhono kusekhona. Ukususela kwiminyaka emithathu ukuya kweyesithandathu, iintsana ziqala ukuhlakulela ingqiqo enamandla yokujonga .
Kule minyaka, ezininzi iintsana ziqala uku:
- Qaphela ubuso obuqhelekileyo
- Phendula ebusweni babantu
- Qaphela kwaye usabele kwizandi eziqhelekileyo
- Qalisa ukuxelisa ubuso obuso
Ukususela kwi-6 ukuya kwi-9 inyanga
Ukujonga ngaphakathi kwengqondo yintsana akukho msebenzi olula. Emva kwakho konke, abaphandi abakwazi nje ukubuza umntwana ukuba ucinga ngantoni na. Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi malunga neenkqubo zengqondo zentsana, abaphandi baye beza nemisebenzi emininzi yokudala eyenza ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kwengqondo yengane.
Ukususela kwiminyaka emithandathu ukuya kweyesithoba, abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba ininzi abantwana iqala uku:
- Ukuqonda ukungafani phakathi kwezinto eziphilileyo kunye ezingenanto
- Tshela umehluko phakathi kweefoto ezibonisa iinani ezahlukeneyo zezinto
- Sebenzisa ubukhulu besilinganiselo sento ukucacisa ukuba kude kangakanani
- Khangela ixesha elide kwizinto "ezingenakwenzeka" izinto ezinjengezinto ezinqunyanyisiwe kwimida
Ukususela kwi-9 ukuya kwi-12 inyanga
Njengoko iintsana ziba zikwazi ukuqonda, ziyakwazi ukuphanda ihlabathi elikujikelezayo. Ukuhlala, ukukhwela, nokuhamba zizinto ezimbalwa zezinto ezibalulekileyo ezivumela abantwana ukuba baqonde ukuqonda kwengqondo yehlabathi elibangqongileyo.
Njengoko besondela omnye unyaka ubudala, ininzi abantwana bayakwazi:
- Qonda umxholo wento ehlala isigxina , ingcamango yokuba into iyaqhubeka ikhona nangona ingabonakali
- Xelisa impawu kunye nezinye izenzo ezisisiseko
- Phendula ngeentshukumo kunye nezandi
- Njengoko ukhangele iincwadi zeefoto
- Yenza izinto ngokuzijika, uzame ukubeka into enye kwenye, njl.
Ukususela ku-1 Unyaka ukuya kwiminyaka emi-2
Emva kokuba ufikelele kwiminyaka yobudala, ukukhula kobantwana, ezentlalo kunye nolwazi olubonakalayo kubonakala lukhula ngokunyuka kunye nemida. Abantwana kule minyaka bachitha ixesha elininzi bejonga izenzo zabantu abadala, ngoko kubalulekile ukuba abazali kunye nabanonophelo babeke imizekelo emihle yokuziphatha.
Uninzi uneminyaka elilodwa ubudala luqala uku:
- Qonda uphinde uphendule ngamagama
- Ukuchonga izinto ezifanayo
- Tshela umehluko phakathi "Mna" kunye "Wena"
- Xelisa izenzo kunye nolwimi lwabantu abadala
- Unokubonisa izinto eziqhelekileyo kunye nabantu abasencwadini yemifanekiso
- Funda ngokuhlola
Kususela kwiminyaka emi-2 kuya kwe-3
Kwiminyaka emibili ubudala, abantwana baqhubeka bezimeleyo. Ekubeni ngoku bayakwazi ukuhlola ihlabathi ngokubanzi, ukufunda okuninzi ngeli nqanaba kukubangelwa ngamava abo.
Abaninzi abaneminyaka emibili banakho uku:
- Hlela izinto ngodidi (oko kukuthi, izilwanyana, iintyatyambo, imithi, njl.)
- Gcina amasongo emgodini ukusuka kwikhulu ukuya kweyona ncinane
- Silingisa izenzo ezinzima ezenziwa ngabantu abadala (ukudlala indlu, ukuzenza ngathi uhlamba impahla, njl.)
- Ukuchonga ingcamango yabo kwisibuko ngegama
- Phendula kwiindlela ezilula ezivela kubazali kunye nabanonophelo
- Qamba izinto kwiincwadi zesithombe
- Match izinto kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo
Kususela kwiminyaka emi-3 kuya kwe-4
Abantwana baya kuba banako ukuhlalutya ihlabathi elibangqongileyo kwiindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi. Njengoko bebona izinto, baqala ukuluhlula baze bahlule kwiindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo, ezidla ngokuba ngama-schemas . Ekubeni abantwana baqhuba ngakumbi kwinkqubo yokufunda, baqala ukubuza imibuzo malunga nehlabathi elibangqongileyo. "Ngoba?" umbuzo oqhelekileyo malunga nalo nyaka.
Xa uneminyaka emithathu, abantwana abaninzi banako uku:
- Ukubonisa ukuqonda kwexesha elidlulileyo nelikhoyo
- Zifuna iimpendulo zemibuzo
- Funda ngokuqwalasela nokuphulaphula imiyalelo
- Hlela izinto ngobukhulu kunye nomlo
- Qonda indlela yokwenza iqela uze udibanise into ngokutsho kombala
- Unokujonga ixesha elide malunga nemizuzu engama-5 ukuya kwe-15
- Ucela "kutheni" imibuzo ukufumana ulwazi
Kususela kwiminyaka emi-4 kuya kwemi-5
Njengoko bekuneminyaka yobudala beza esikolweni, abantwana bangcono ekusebenziseni amagama, ukulingisa izenzo ezindala, ukubala kunye neminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ebalulekileyo ekulungiseleleni isikolo.
Uninzi oneminyaka emine ubudala unako uku:
- I-Rhyme
- Igama kwaye ufumane imibala emininzi
- Dweba umlo womntu
- Bala ukuya ezintlanu
- Xelela apho bahlala khona
- Dweba imifanekiso abadla ngokuyibiza kwaye bayichaze
Nceda Abantwana bafikelele kwizinto ezinzulu zokuqonda
Kubazali abaninzi, ukukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo yabantwana kuyinkalo ebalulekileyo. Ngethamsanqa, abantwana banomdla wokufunda ngokususela ekuqaleni. Nangona imfundo ngokukhawuleza iza kuba yinxalenye enkulu yobomi bentsapho ekhulayo, loo minyaka yokuqala kakhulu ithonyelwe ulwalamano olusondeleyo lwentsapho, ngokukodwa kwabo nabazali kunye nabanye abanonophelo. Oku kuthetha ukuba abazali banesimo esikhethekileyo sokuncedisa indlela abantwana babo abafunda ngayo, becinga, kwaye bahlakulele.
Ekhaya, abazali banokukhuthaza abantwana babo ngengqondo ngokuncedisa abantwana ukuba baqonde ihlabathi elibajikelezile. Xa intsana ibonisa umdla kumntu, abazali banokunceda umntwana ukuba achukumise kwaye ahlolisise into kunye nokuthetha into leyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa umntwana ekhangele ngamehlo kwinqwelo yokudlala, umzali angawuthabatha into aze ayifake esandleni sesana esithi "Ngaba uGracie ufuna ukuhlawula?" uze udibanise ukukhawuleza ukubonisa oko kuyenzayo.
Njengoko abantwana bekhula, abazali kufuneka baqhubeke bekhuthaza abantwana babo ukuba bahlolisise ihlabathi. Zama ukunyamezela abantwana abancinci abonakala benemibuzo engapheliyo malunga nayo yonke into kunye nayo yonke into ejikelezile.
Abazali banokubuza imibuzo yabo ukuze bancede abantwana bafumane iingxaki zokudala iingxaki. Xa ubhekene neengxaki, njengemibuzo enje "Ucinga ntoni ukuba kuya kwenzeka ukuba si ...?" okanye "Yintoni eyenzekayo ukuba si ....?" Ngokuvumela abantwana ukuba bafikelele kwisisombululo sokuqala kwiingxaki, abazali banokukunceda ekukhuthazeni ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo nokuzithemba.
> Imithombo:
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. EziPhambili; 2016.