I-Sternberg iyaziwa ngokuba yi-triarchic theory of intelligence
URobert Jeffrey Sternberg ngumsizi weengqondo waseMerika owaziwa ngcamango zakhe ngothando, ukuqonda kunye nobuchule. Wazalelwa eNew Jersey ngoDisemba 9, 1949. Inzala kaSternberg kwingqondo yengqondo yaqala kwasekuqaleni ebomini. Emva kokubandezeleka kokuvavanya nokuvavanya ekuhlolweni, waqonda ukuba ukuvavanya akukona umlinganiselo ochanekileyo wolwazi lwakhe kunye nolwazi.
Xa ebuyisela uvavanyo olufanayo kwigumbi elithile kunye neqela labafundi abancinci, wafumanisa ukuba wayenentembelo ethe xaxa kwaye wafumana amanqaku aphakamileyo kakhulu ngenxa yoko. Ngomnyaka ozayo, uSternberg wavelisa uvavanyo lwakhe lokuqala lolwazi , owathiwa yiSternberg Test of Ability Skills (STOMA).
Amava akhe emfundo kamva abonisa ngakumbi ukuba iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo zazihlala ziphantsi kwamanyathelo amandla engqondo. Ngokwenene wenza ngokungahambi kakuhle kwiCandelo lakhe loSingeniso lwePhysical Psychology kangangokuba uprofesa wakhe wamcebisa ukuba aqhube phambili. Ngaphazamiseki, uSternberg waqhubeka nokugqwesa kwiYale kunye nekhwalithi kwi-psychology ngo-1972 waza wafumana i-Ph.D. ukususela eStanford ngowe-1975.
Umsebenzi
Emva kokufumana iqondo lakhe, uSternberg wabuyela eYale njengoprofesa wengqondo. Kamva waba nguMlawuli weSikolo soBugcisa neSayensi kwiYunivesithi yaseTufts. Wayenguprofesa weengqondo kwiYunivesithi yase-Oklahoma State, kunye nomongameli kamva kunye noprofesa wengqondo kunye nemfundo kwiYunivesithi yaseWinoming.
Njengangoku uprofesa wophuhliso lomntu kwiKholeji ye-Ecology eYunivesithi yaseConell.
I-Sternberg mhlawumbi iyaziwayo ngokuphanda kwakhe kwintelligence, uthando, izitayela zokuqonda kunye nobuchule. Ingcamango yakhe yesithathu yeengcaphephe igxile kwizinto ezibhekiselele kuzo "njengeengqondi eziphumelelayo" eziqulethwe zizinto ezintathu: i-intelligence intelligence (okanye ingxaki yokuxazulula iingxaki), i-intelligence yolwazi (usebenzisa ulwazi olungaphambili kunye nezakhono zokujongana neemeko ezintsha) kunye nolwazi olululo (ukukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nehlabathi elitshintshayo).
I-Sternberg yaziwa ngokuphanda kwakhe ngothando. Inkolelo yakhe yesantathu yothando yichaza ukuzibophezela, uthabatha kunye nobudlelwane obusondeleyo njengamacandelo amathathu athile othando. Xa ezi zinto zintathu zidibaniswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, zenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zothando. Ngokomzekelo, uthando olunomdla luqulathe ukuthanda nobudlelane, ngoxa uthando luthando luxuba uxolo kunye nokuzinikela.
"Abantu abanengqondo ngokuphumelelayo bayaziqonda amandla abo kunye nobuthathaka babo, kwaye ke baqaphele indlela yokwenza ngayo amandla abo, nokuhlawulela okanye ukulungisa ubuthakathaka babo." Abantu abaphumelelayo abaneengqondi baphumelela ngenxa yokuba bafezekisa ukulingana okusebenzayo phakathi "kweentlanga" zamakhono ... Ngaphezu koko, zonke ezi zinto zinokuphuhliswa. "
Igalelo kwiNzululwazi
U-Sternberg wayekhonza njengoMongameli we- American Psychological Association ngo-2003 kwaye uzuze amanqaku amaninzi kubandakanya iNkcazo eBaziwayo yeScholar kwi-National Association of Children's Gifted ngo-1985, umvuzo we-James McKeen Cattell ovela kwi-American Psychological Society ngo-1999 kunye ne-EL Thorndike Awards Impumelelo kwi-Psychology yezeMfundo evela kwi-APA ngo-2003.
Uye wabhala amanqaku angaphezu kwe-1,600, izahluko zeencwadi kunye neencwadi ziye zanikezelwa abagqirha abazukileyo abangama-13.
Wadweliswa yi-APA njengenye yeengcali eziyi-100 zeengcali zeengqondo ze-20 leminyaka kwaye ungumntu we-American Academy of Arts and Sciences kunye neSizwe seSizwe seMfundo.
Ukongeza kwiphando yakhe, umsebenzi wokufundisa kunye weyunivesithi, uSternberg naye ungumlobi obalaseleyo. Imisebenzi elandelayo ekhethiweyo ibonisa isampuli esincinane somsebenzi wakhe:
Sternberg, RJ (1985). Ngaphandle kwe-IQ: I-Triarchic Theory ye-Human Intelligence. I-New York: I-Cambridge University Press.
Sternberg, RJ (1996). Ubulumko obuphumeleleyo. ENew York: uSimon & Schuster. (Umqulu wephepha: iNew York: iDutton, 1997).
Sternberg, R.
J., & Spear-Swerling, L. (1996). Ukufundisa ukucinga. IWashington, DC: uMbutho wezeNgqondo waseMerika.
Sternberg, RJ (1997). Iindlela zokuCinga. I-New York: I-Cambridge University Press.
Sternberg, RJ (1999). Iingcamango Zobulumko Bempumelelo. Ukuphononongwa kwe-General Psychology, 3, 292-316
Sternberg, RJ, & Grigorenko, EL (2000). Ukufundisa Ukuphumelela Ubulumko. Arlington Heights, IL: I-Skylight Training and Publishing Inc.
Sternberg, RJ (2007). Ubulumko, Ubulumko, kunye nobuKhokheni. I-New York: I-Cambridge University Press.
Imithombo:
URobert Sternberg. Ubulumko .
Sternberg, RJ Personal CV .
Sternberg, RJ (1988). Ingqondo ye-Triarchic: Iingcamango ezintsha zoBulumko boBuntu. ENew York: iViking.