UJames McKeen Cattell wayengunjingalwazi wokuqala weengqondo kwi-United States, efundisa kwiYunivesithi yasePennsylvania. Ngethuba leentsuku zokuqala, ingqondo yengqondo yayihlala ithathwa njengesayensi yincinci kwaye yayivame ukujongwa njengentsimi yesayensi.
UCattell uvakaliswa ngokuncedisa ukubhaliswa kwengqondo kwengqondo njengesiseko senzululwazi ngokugxila kwakhe kwiindlela zokubala.
Kwakhona ungumsekeli kunye nomhleli wencwadana yeencwadana zenzululwazi eziquka ukuHlola kweeNgqondo.
Eyaziwa kakhulu
- Unjingalwazi wokuqala wezeNgqondo wase-US
- Uncedwe ukuseka i-psychology njengezenzululwazi ezisemthethweni
Ukuzalwa nokufa
- UJames McKeen Cattell wazalelwa ngoMeyi 25, 1860, e-Easton, ePennsylvania.
- Wafa ngoJanuwari 20, 1944
Obomi bakwangoko
UJames McKeen Cattell wayengumntwana omdala ozelwe kwintsapho ecebile ePennsylvania. Uyise, uWilliam, wayengumfundisi wePresbyterian owaba ngumongameli wase-Easton College. Umalume wakhe ngu-Alexander Gilmore Cattell, uSenator wase-US waseNew Jersey. UCattell waya kwiKholeji yaseLafayette ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-16 apho wafunda khona iincwadi zesiNgesi. Kamva waphumelela nge-MA degree.
Emva kokutyelela iJamani ukuya kufundiswa ngokugqibeleleyo, uCatt wadibana noWilhelm Wundt waza wenza umdla kwizengqondo . Emva kokufunda okufutshane kwiYunivesithi yakwaJohn Hopkins, uCatt wabuyela eJamani ukuba abe ngumncedisi weWundt.
UCattell waqhubeka ukupapasha isicatshulwa sokuqala kwengqondo nge-American.
Umsebenzi
UCattell wanikwa i-Ph.D yakhe. ngo-1886 waza waba ngumfundisi kwiYunivesithi yaseCambridge. Wabuyela eUnited States ukufundisa i-psychology kwiYunivesithi yasePennsylvania kwaye kamva e-Columbia University. Ngo-1895, waba nguMongameli we- American Psychological Association .
UCattell wagxothwa ngesikhundla sakhe e-Columbia ngokuchasene noluntu ngokubandakanyeka kwe-US kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I. Kamva wathola isigwebo kwiyunivesithi kwaye, ngemali ayinikezelwa yizinkundla, wasungula iNkampani yePhysics kunye no-Edward L. Thorndike kunye URobert S. Woodworth. I-corporation yayingomnye wabadali abakhulu kunye nabalawuli beemvavanyo zengqondo.
Igalelo kwiNzululwazi
UCattell ubaluleke kakhulu kwingqondo ngokubonga ngophando, ukusetyenziswa kwakhe kwezindlela zokubala kunye nokugxila kwakhe ekusekeni kwengqondo njengezenzululwazi ezisemthethweni. Ekuqaleni kwimbali yayo, i-psychology yayivame ukujongwa njengesayensi yincinci okanye i-pseudoscience. Njengoko uKattell wachaza kwi-adresse yakhe ye-APA ye-1895:
"Emzabalazweni wobomi obufumana phakathi kwezesayensi zeengqondo zihlala zifumana indawo .... Ukukhula ngokwezifundo kwengqondo kwiMelika kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo kungenakuqala ... Ingqondo yinkalo efunekayo kwikharityhulam ye-graduate. .., kwaye phakathi kweeyunivesithi kwizifundo zengqondo ngoku zichasene nezinye iinzululwazi ezikhokelayo kwinani labafundi abakhangayo kunye nemali yomsebenzi wokuqala. "
I-Cattell yayisisiseko ekuqaliseni iindidi zeengxelo zeengqondo ezinkulu ezibandakanya i -Psychological Review , i- Journal of Science neSayensi yeNzululwazi yenyanga , eyayihamba phambili ibe yi- Science Science .
Iincwadi ezikhethiweyo
- UCattell, uJM (1890). Iimvavanyo zengqondo kunye nemilinganiselo. Ingqondo, 15, 373-380.
- UCattell, uJM (1903). Izibalo zeengqondo zeMerika. I-American Journal ye-Psychology .
- Cattell, JM (1904). Iimpawu kunye neendlela zengqondo. I-Science Science Monthly
Imithombo
UCattell, uJM (1896). Idilesi yomongameli phambi koMbutho we-Psychological Association, ngo-1895. Ukuphononongwa kwengqondo, 3 (2), 1-15.
ICattell, uJames McKeen eVenn, J. & JA, i-Alumni Cantabrigienses, iCommridge University Press, i-10 flights, 1922-1958.
Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia (1995) i-Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.